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    The Earliest Electromagnetic Instruments
    The Earliest Electromagnetic Instruments
    The Earliest Electromagnetic Instruments
    Ebook80 pages44 minutes

    The Earliest Electromagnetic Instruments

    By Robert A. Chipman

    ()

    Read preview
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherArchive Classics
    Release dateNov 27, 2013
    The Earliest Electromagnetic Instruments

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      Book preview

      The Earliest Electromagnetic Instruments - Robert A. Chipman

      The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Earliest Electromagnetic Instruments, by

      Robert A. Chipman

      This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with

      almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or

      re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included

      with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net

      Title: The Earliest Electromagnetic Instruments

      Author: Robert A. Chipman

      Release Date: October 12, 2010 [EBook #34061]

      Language: English

      *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EARLIEST ELECTROMAGNETIC INSTRUMENTS ***

      Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Louise Pattison

      and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at

      http://www.pgdp.net

      Transcriber’s Notes:

      This is Paper 38 from the Smithsonian Institution United States National Museum Bulletin 240, comprising Papers 34-44, which will also be available as a complete e-book.

      The front material, introduction and relevant index entries from the Bulletin are included in each single-paper e-book.

      Corrections to typographical errors are underlined like this

      . Mouse over to view the original text.

      SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

      UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

      BULLETIN 240

      SMITHSONIAN PRESS

      MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY

      Contributions

      From the

      Museum

      of History and

      Technology

      Papers 34-44

      On Science and Technology

      SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION · WASHINGTON, D.C. 1966

      Publications of the United States National Museum

      The scholarly and scientific publications of the United States National Museum include two series, Proceedings of the United States National Museum and United States National Museum Bulletin.

      In these series, the Museum publishes original articles and monographs dealing with the collections and work of its constituent museums—The Museum of Natural History and the Museum of History and Technology—setting forth newly acquired facts in the fields of anthropology, biology, history, geology, and technology. Copies of each publication are distributed to libraries, to cultural and scientific organizations, and to specialists and others interested in the different subjects.

      The Proceedings, begun in 1878, are intended for the publication, in separate form, of shorter papers from the Museum of Natural History. These are gathered in volumes, octavo in size, with the publication date of each paper recorded in the table of contents of the volume.

      In the Bulletin series, the first of which was issued in 1875, appear longer, separate publications consisting of monographs (occasionally in several parts) and volumes in which are collected works on related subjects. Bulletins are either octavo or quarto in size, depending on the needs of the presentation. Since 1902 papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum of Natural History have been published in the Bulletin series under the heading Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, and since 1959, in Bulletins titled Contributions from the Museum of History and Technology, have been gathered shorter papers relating to the collections and research of that Museum.

      The present collection of Contributions, Papers 34-44, comprises Bulletin 240. Each of these papers has been previously published in separate form. The year of publication is shown on the last page of each paper.

      Frank A. Taylor

      Director, United States National Museum

      Contributions from

      The Museum of History and Technology:

      Paper 38

      The Earliest Electromagnetic Instruments

      Robert A. Chipman

      ELECTROSTATIC INSTRUMENTS BEFORE 1800   123

      INSTRUMENTING VOLTAIC OR GALVANIC ELECTRICITY, 1800-1820   124

      ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTATION, 1800-1820   125

      OERSTED’S DISCOVERY   126

      BEGINNINGS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INSTRUMENTATION   126

      CHRONOLOGY AND PRIORITY   127

      ORIGINAL ELECTROMAGNETIC MULTIPLIERS   129

      CONCLUSIONS   135

      ACKNOWLEDGMENTS   136

      Figure 1.—Models of various electromagnetic instruments created by Schweigger, Poggendorf and Cumming in 1821, made for an exhibit in the Museum of History and Technology, Smithsonian Institution. (Smithsonian photo 49493.)

      Robert A. Chipman

      THE EARLIEST ELECTROMAGNETIC INSTRUMENTS

      The history of the early stages of electromagnetic instrumentation is traced here through

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