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    English Grammar: (Simple, Practical yet Comprehensive) with Multiple Examples, Exercises and Key
    English Grammar: (Simple, Practical yet Comprehensive) with Multiple Examples, Exercises and Key
    English Grammar: (Simple, Practical yet Comprehensive) with Multiple Examples, Exercises and Key
    Ebook583 pages8 hours

    English Grammar: (Simple, Practical yet Comprehensive) with Multiple Examples, Exercises and Key

    By V P KANNAN

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    About this ebook

    “Thiru V.P. Kannan has brought out a nice manual covering all the aspects of grammar in a comprehensive manner with copious examples and adequate exercises. This book will be of immense help to the students … deliberately made very simple to enhance the grasping of rural students”
    Dr. V. IRAI ANBU, I.A.S.

    “How we say something can be as important as what we say … Ungrammatical communications lack clarity … The book is indeed comprehensive … Students will find English Grammar (Simple, Practical yet Comprehensive) very helpful as they work to improve their skill in English grammar.
    Dr. Carl Perrin, Ph. D., Lakewood, NJ, USA

    “Unlike the conventional books, the book is well structured with units, wholesome by themselves and arranged in a logical sequence … a boon not only to students but also to learners of English language at all levels as the book is planned and designed in the most practical and natural way.”
    Dr. S. SHANMUGIAH, M.A., Ph.D.
    Registrar, Tamil Nadu Open University, Chennai

    “I appreciate his (author’s) initiative in working out a scheme of learning English that is interesting and easy to pursue … it enables the learner to move from the basic to the advanced and achieve mastery by correct and consistent practice … I commend the book to every teacher and learner.”
    Prof. R. RAJA GOVINDASAMY, M.A., M.A. (USA)
    Principal, Thiagarajar College, Madurai

    “Each topic is dealt with utmost care … I am confident that this book will prove to be an asset to students and teachers. It will also be a source of support and guidance for parents who wish to prepare their wards for the examination and also help them to develop their proficiency in English Grammar.”
    Mrs. FELICIA AUGSTINE, M.A., M.Ed.
    Academic Supervisor, Dept. of English, SBOA School & Junior College, Chennai

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherNotion Press
    Release dateJan 27, 2015
    ISBN9789384049898
    English Grammar: (Simple, Practical yet Comprehensive) with Multiple Examples, Exercises and Key

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      Book preview

      English Grammar - V P KANNAN

      order

      Part I

      Grammar

      Chapter 1

      Introduction to Grammar

      The aim of learning grammar is to speak and write correct language. In a language, sentences convey the complete meaning. Sentences are formed by combining a group of words to make a complete meaning. To form a grammatically correct sentence in English, we should know the types of words and their position and order in a sentence. The types of words are classified and grouped according to their function in sentences, called Parts of Speech (POS). The position and order of the different (types of) words is defined by a set of rules called Sentence Structures (SS).

      Before going into the parts of speech and the sentence structures, let us briefly discuss the words, the alphabets and the sounds. A word is formed by combining alphabets. The alphabets represent the sounds of English, and they are divided into vowels, namely 'a, e, i, o and u' and consonants, the other alphabets. Besides, we should know that words can be divided into units/ subdivisions of closely related sounds containing a vowel and one or more consonants. Such a unit/subdivision is called a syllable. For example, 'do' is a single syllable word, and 'forever' has two syllables, namely 'for' and 'ever'. A good dictionary will be useful to identify the syllables.

      In addition to Parts of Speech and Sentence Structure, other topics are also briefly discussed in this introductory chapter. The main topics dealt with in this chapter are:

      I Parts of Speech

      II Sentence Structure

      III Structural Elements

      IV Phrasal Verbs, Idioms, Proverbs and Quotations

      V Functional Sentence Types

      VI Direct Speech and Indirect Speech

      VII Punctuation

      VIII Compound Words and Collocations

      IX Other Word Groups/Types

      X Figures of Speech

      Important: These topics are only briefly described in this introductory chapter and are described elaborately in later chapters. Not only in this chapter, but also in other chapters would it be mentioned that some topic is explained in detail in later chapters. However, you need not refer to the later chapter immediately and can continue to read the same chapter. The reference to a later chapter is given only to provide information and not to mean that you should know it before proceeding.

      Tip: In the following discussion, question words are given against each element (parts of speech / structural elements) that is being discussed. The answer to these question words will point to the particular element, thus helping in understanding the element more clearly.

      I Parts of Speech: Words are classified according to their functions in sentences. They are:

      1) Noun, 2) Pronoun, 3) Adjective, 4) Determiner, 5) Verb, 6) Adverb, 7) Preposition, 8) Conjunction and 9) Interjection

      A short description of these classifications and their functions is given below along with the abbreviations:

      1) Noun (Naming Words): Abbreviation: n. The function of the noun is to tell the name of somebody or something.

      Question Words for noun: Who, Whom and What - The answer to these question words in sentences is a noun / pronoun (explained next).

      2) Pronoun (Substitute Words for nouns): Abbreviation: pron. Pronouns always refer to some noun, and it is convenient to use a pronoun instead of using a noun repeatedly. For example, in the sentence 'Balu is a tall boy, and he is a student', he is a pronoun referring to 'Balu'. Of course, the noun 'Balu' could have been used instead of 'he', but it would be odd.

      Question Words for pronoun: Who, Whom and What - The answer to these question words in sentences can be a noun / pronoun.

      3) Verb (Action Words / (State-of-) Being Words): Abbreviation: v. As action words, they tell what is happening, and as being words, they tell what is the condition / state of being of somebody/something in the sentence. We cannot write any sentence without verb.

      Question Words for verb: What is happening and What is the condition / state of being - The answer to these questions in sentences is a verb. The verbs denoting ‘Action’ are called Action Verbs, and the verbs denoting the ‘State’ are called Be-Verbs / Being Verbs.

      4) Adjective (Describing Words for Nouns and Pronouns): Abbreviation: adj. They describe or give more information about noun/pronoun. In other words, they describe the quality of noun and pronoun.

      Question Words for adjective: What type of, What kind of, Which and How + Be-Verb

      - The answer to these question words in sentences is an adjective.

      Examples Question Words

      He is a good boy. - what type of (boy)?

      She is intelligent. - what kind of (girl)?

      I like the blue pen. - which (pen)?

      Balu is happy. - How is (Balu)?

      5) Determiner (similar to adjectives): Abbreviation: d. They refer to a particular noun. In other words, they determine the scope of noun such that they point to the particular noun, not any other noun. Determiners include the articles also, namely ‘a, an and the.’

      Question Words for determiner: Which and Whose - The answer to these question words in sentences can be a determiner.

      Examples Question Words

      It is her pen. - which/whose (pen)?

      That book is mine. - which (book)?

      I like all the people. - which (people)?

      English Grammar (Simple, Practical yet Comprehensive)

      A man came yesterday. - which (man)?: some man

      I saw the man today also. - which (man)?: the same man

      The main difference between Adjective and Determiner is that determiners can only be used attributively, not predicatively, but the adjectives can be used both ways as illustrated

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