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    Black Holes
    Black Holes
    Black Holes
    Ebook22 pages14 minutes

    Black Holes

    By James Constant

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    About this ebook

    Black holes are theoretically hypothesized astronomical objects in all theories of gravitation. By definition, black holes emit no photons and, therefore, all information about black holes is being sought indirectly, by formulating theories and seeking observations. The likelihood of observing and detecting black holes is at nearest distances, likely inside and nearest the centers of galaxies, where the unbinding effects of apparent mass and relativistic speeds are lowest. Measurements of a black hole’s mass and radius are speculative, and the detection of black holes remains speculative. One must find Keplerian orbits about centers with no apparent sources.
    Redshift observations provide information about an object’s mass M and radius a, and theories analyze the information. The term μ=GM/c2, called the mass radius, appears in all theories and its ratio to distance r from the center of mass μ/r, are important objects of interest to theorists and astro-physicists.The main guides to understanding observed redshifts are based on Newtonian and Einstein’s theories. Newton’s laws of motion and gravitation, and Brillouin’s apparent mass theory, find the indirect observation and detection of black holes indeterminate and leave open the question of their existence or nature. Unlike Newton’s Theory of Gravitation, being supported by observations, Einstein’s General Theory, being complex and unconfirmed by tests as to its validity, is purely speculative about the nature of black holes. I conclude that, compared with Einstein’s General Theory, Newtonian theory is a better guide in astronomy

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherJames Constant
    Release dateMar 28, 2015
    ISBN9781311887870
    Black Holes
    Author

    James Constant

    writes on law, government, mathematics and science, as they are and as they should be

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      Book preview

      Black Holes - James Constant

      BLACK HOLES

      Smashwords Edition

      Copyright © 2015 by James Constant

      Smashwords Edition, License Notes

      Smashwords Edition Copyright © 2015 by James Constant Smashwords Edition, License Notes This ebook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This ebook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each recipient. If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy. Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

      Table of Contents

      Introduction

      Observation and Detection of Black Holes

      Apparent_Mass_Effects

      Locating Black Holes

      Mass Uncertainty

      Newtonian Redshifts

      Singularities

      General_Relativity

      Tests

      Einstein Redshifts

      Introduction

      Black holes are theoretically hypothesized astronomical objects in all theories of gravitation. By definition, black holes emit no photons and, therefore, all information about black holes is being sought indirectly, by formulating theories and seeking observations. The likelihood of observing and detecting black holes is at nearest distances, likely inside and nearest the centers

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