Everand Logo

Welcome to Everand!

  • Discover millions of ebooks, audiobooks, and so much more with a free trial

    Only $11.99/month after trial. Cancel anytime.

    Sussex County
    Sussex County
    Sussex County
    Ebook168 pages1 hour

    Sussex County

    By Wayne T. McCabe

    ()

    Read preview

    About this ebook

    In 2003, Sussex County celebrates the two hundred fiftieth anniversary of its creation, which took place on June 8, 1753. At that time, all of present-day Sussex and Warren Counties were set aside from Morris County. Warren County was established by the state legislature in 1824, forming the current boundaries of Sussex County. Among the previously unpublished photographs in this history are views of the county's commercial and residential streets, mining and industrial facilities, and business establishments. The vast majority of the unique vintage images included here are drawn from Wayne T. McCabe's extraordinary collection of more than fifteen thousand photographs, glass negatives, postcards, and stereoscopic views of Sussex County.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherArcadia Publishing
    Release dateSep 18, 2012
    ISBN9781439628928
    Sussex County
    Author

    Wayne T. McCabe

    Wayne T. McCabe, a thirty-year resident of Sussex County, is active in preserving and publishing local history. He is a National Park Service-qualified architectural historian and a licensed professional planner with thirty years of experience in historic preservation.

    Related to Sussex County

    Related ebooks

    Photography For You

    View More
    View More

    Related podcast episodes

    Related articles

    • Article

      Archæology

      Apr 18, 2024

      Last September, the head of a marble statue of Alexander the Great was unearthed amid the ruins of a second century AD theatre at Konuralp, north of the city of Düzce near Turkey’s northwest coast. Alexander the Great died in 323 BC, so the statue ma

      6 min read

    • Article

      Also On The Bookshelf

      Oct 28, 2021

      The Burgundians: A Vanished Empire by Bart Van Loo (Head of Zeus, 624 pages, £30) By the end of the 15th century, Burgundy had reached its day of reckoning, undone by poor military and marital decisions and dynastic wrangling. Yet for over 1,000 year

      2 min read

    • Article

      ‘Old Brains’ And ‘Granny Lee’

      Mar 9, 2021

      THE RELATIONSHIP between soldiers and their commanders can be indicated by nicknames, which also provide insights into how opponents and civilians on both sides thought about various generals. Nathan Bedford Forrest, lauded by Confederates as the “Wi

      4 min read

    • Article

      No Man Left Behind

      Oct 19, 2021

      No Man Left Behind
      6 min read

    • Article

      The Antique Tobacco Pipe

      Oct 31, 2021

      The Antique Tobacco Pipe
      6 min read

    • Article

      Pieces Of Our Puzzle

      Dec 15, 2019

      Fish, salted meat, perhaps some crayfish, probably some fur seal. The first Christmas dinner in the first Pākehā settlement in New Zealand would have been high in protein but low in trimmings. Just weeks after being dropped off on Anchor Island in Du

      7 min read

    • Article

      Walking Into New Worlds

      Aug 13, 2020

      Walking Into New Worlds
      10 min read

    • Article

      Kânîsostîkwâw

      Sep 15, 2023

      Kânîsostîkwâw
      3 min read

    • Article

      First Peoples

      Apr 1, 2023

      First Peoples
      3 min read

    • Article

      Stalking Diary

      Dec 7, 2022

      Stalking Diary
      2 min read

    • Article

      A Walk Among The Ancients

      Mar 2, 2021

      A Walk Among The Ancients
      6 min read

    • Article

      Alaska

      Apr 15, 2021

      The chance to hear the haunting song of humpback whales or to watch one breach draws two million visitors to Alaska each summer, more than half of whom visit on a cruise. But beyond its wildlife and scenery, there’s also a wealth of culture to be fou

      2 min read

    • Article

      American Interior

      Dec 5, 2018

      American Interior
      7 min read

    • Article

      Digging Park History

      May 1, 2019

      Achaeology in the Adirondacks? Does that make sense? When David Starbuck was growing up in Chestertown and hoping for a career digging up and analyzing ancient cultures and their buried artifacts, he was advised that he would never practice this call

      4 min read

    • Article

      Return To The River

      Dec 3, 2020

      Return To The River
      8 min read

    • Article

      What the Past Throws Out

      Mar 1, 2019

      Have you ever wondered how people lived long ago? What did they eat for breakfast? Did they wear hats? What kind of tools did they use? The answers might be hiding in their trash. Like modern towns, every long-ago village had a garbage pile. These

      2 min read

    • Article

      High Plains Mammoth Hunters

      Dec 2, 2022

      High Plains Mammoth Hunters
      10 min read

    • Article

      Forts Of The Bison Hunters

      Apr 9, 2024

      Forts Of The Bison Hunters
      8 min read

    • Article

      Wisdom Of The Ancients

      Oct 15, 2020

      Wisdom Of The Ancients
      5 min read

    • Article

      Hunting for History Books

      Sep 3, 2019

      Hunting for History Books
      11 min read

    • Article

      Wild Things

      Jun 3, 2018

      The ground was spongy and green, the accents Irish, the light atmospheric and ‘soft’ (in other words, it was raining); the scene was set for a storytelling session about epic battles and strange worlds, good versus evil. Especially as we were standin

      3 min read

    Related categories

    Reviews for Sussex County

    0 ratings

    0 ratings0 reviews

    What did you think?

    Tap to rate

    Review must be at least 10 words

      Book preview

      Sussex County - Wayne T. McCabe

      Excelsior!

      INTRODUCTION

      On one unheralded day c. 10,000 B.C., the first people arrived in Sussex County: men, women, and children carrying all of their worldly belongings. They were the Stone Age hunters and gatherers that archaeologists call the Paleo-Indians. Their artifacts, although rare, can be found in Sussex County. The Zierdt site in Montague was excavated by archaeologists and provided valuation information on these, the first Sussex County residents.

      In the Paleo-Indians’ day, the glaciers that had covered Sussex County with up to 9,000 feet of ice were gone, but the climate was still colder, cloudier, and stormier than it is today. In the wake of the Ice Age, the landscape was one of ice-scoured ridges and valleys with rivers and lakes, a tundralike mosaic of forests and grasslands. Mastodons and mammoths roamed the countryside. Caribou, musk-oxen, moose-elk, giant beavers, ground sloths, and other cold-adapted animals were also present and fed on the lush vegetation. However, no evidence of large predatory carnivores such as the dire wolf, saber-toothed cat, or short-faced bear has been found in the area.

      The Paleo-Indians coexisted with the Pleistocene animals in this rugged environment. They were not numerous and traveled in small bands. The men carried spears with fluted (Clovis-type) stone points. Their other tools included knives, several types of scrapers, gravers, and drills made of flintlike stone. They also made tools of perishable materials such as wood, bone, fiber, skin, antler, and ivory, and lived in rudimentary skin-covered shelters. The phrase feast or famine describes their lifestyle. Infant mortality was undoubtedly high, and life expectancy was short, perhaps 35 to 40 years.

      By 8000 B.C., the weather had become warmer. Most of the Pleistocene animals followed the cold north or became extinct. Some of the Paleo-Indian people probably followed the animals northward. Others merged with or were overwhelmed by people of the more developed Archaic cultures coming into the area from the south and west.

      Archaeologists call the years between 8000 and 1000 B.C. the Archaic period. Small bands of hunting and gathering people still roamed Sussex County, but their stone tools differed from those of the earlier Paleo-Indians.

      After 4000 B.C., mixed forests of oak, hickory, and chestnut replaced earlier forests of hemlock and oak. This provided more mast (acorns and other nuts) and an increased understory for browsing animals such as deer, elk, turkey, and other game. Populations of both people and animals increased during this period.

      The Archaic people’s main hunting implement was the spear. Many types of spearheads were used over the years, reflecting different hunting requirements, influences from other cultures, and new people moving into the area. The major influences are from the south (Piedmont) and the north (Laurentian).

      To improve the force and accuracy of their spears, Archaic hunters propelled the weapons with atlantls (Aztec for spear throwers), hooked, leverlike devices. Atlantl counterweights, or banner stones, were made of various types of stone and in several shapes and sizes. Some, especially the delicate winged type, were very elaborate and may reflect the belief in a form of magic to help guide the spear to its target.

      The Archaic people also used bolas for hunting. These consisted of three or four grooved stones connected by lengths of cordage. When thrown at a prey animal or bird, the cords would entangle the victim, thus immobilizing it. The Gauchos of Argentina still use bolas.

      The Archaic Indians learned how to work stone by pecking and grinding, and developed new types of implements. Grooved axes, celts, gouges, and adzes for heavy woodworking (dugout canoes, tree felling, lodge construction) were now manufactured. Also, milling implements were made to process seeds, nuts, and berries (pestles, mortars, mullers). Smaller items, such as ulus (knives), net sinkers (for fishing), shaft smoothers, bola stones, and sinew stones, were also produced at this time.

      Near the end of the Archaic period (c. 2500 B.C.), soapstone (steatite) pots and pottery cooking vessels were introduced. These items revolutionized Indian cooking and had a positive effect on their diet. Meat, in particular, could be boiled until it was tender and became easier to chew and digest. However, the Archaic Indians still did not have agriculture, and their only domesticated animal was the dog.

      Near the end of the period, two new groups of people with distinct cultures appeared on the scene: the Meadowood (1200–500 B.C.) and the Orient (1200–600 B.C.) people. The Meadowood people came from northern New York. They were not numerous and are only represented by a few camp sites and burials. They had distinctive side-notched spearpoints, cache blades, pottery, tobacco pipes, birdstones, gorgets, and pendants. The origins of the Orient people are obscure. They lived in small semi-sedentary groups and used distinctive fishtail spearpoints. They also had soapstone pots, pottery, pendants, and gorgets. They netted fish and dried them on platforms over heated rocks.

      Archaic sites and artifacts have been found all over Sussex County. A few of the important locations are the Shotwell farm in Green Township, Black Creek in Vernon, and Nomanock and Rocklein in Montague.

      The Woodland period, which lasted from 1000 B.C. to A.D. 1600, was one of change and development, with growing influences from outside cultures. The Orient and Meadowood cultures continued from the Archaic period to 600 and 500 B.C., respectively. Another culture, the Middlesex Adena (1000–300 B.C.) appeared on the scene and added an air of mystery. This exotic culture is unique and shares a number of traits derived from, or influenced by, the Adena people of Ohio.

      An Adena site was discovered at the Rosenkrans Farm in Walpack. It was a mortuary complex containing 16 identified graves with grave goods, each in a separate grave pit. The individuals had died and had been cremated or buried somewhere else before being reburied at the site.

      The skull of one adult man at Rosenkrans is particularly interesting. The front teeth in his upper jaw had deliberately been removed (probably bettered away) to form a rectangular opening. Skulls found in three Adena mounds in Kentucky and Ohio had similar dental extractions and were identified as belonging to

      Enjoying the preview?
      Page 1 of 1