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    The Chemistry of Soils - Including Information on Acidity, Nitrification, Lime Requirements and Many Other Aspects of Soil Chemistry
    The Chemistry of Soils - Including Information on Acidity, Nitrification, Lime Requirements and Many Other Aspects of Soil Chemistry
    The Chemistry of Soils - Including Information on Acidity, Nitrification, Lime Requirements and Many Other Aspects of Soil Chemistry
    Ebook69 pages43 minutes

    The Chemistry of Soils - Including Information on Acidity, Nitrification, Lime Requirements and Many Other Aspects of Soil Chemistry

    By Read Books Ltd.

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    About this ebook

    “The Chemistry of Soils” is a treatise on the scientific aspects of soil, exploring such subjects as lime requirements, acidity, nitrification, etc. This timeless volume contains a wealth of information that will be of use to the farmer of keen gardener. Contents include: “And Preparation Of Sample”, “Plant Nutrients In The Soil”, “Absorption Of Substances By Soils”, “Flocculation And Deflocculation Of Clay”, “Density And Pore Space”, “Sticky Point”, “Water”, “Holding Capacity”, “Field Capacity”, “Humus”, “Ammonification And Nitrification”, “Soil”, “Sourness, Soil Acidity And Methods For Determining”, “The Lime Status Of Soils”, etc. Many vintage books such as this are increasingly scarce and expensive. It is with this in mind that we are republishing this volume now in an affordable, modern, high-quality edition complete with a specially-commissioned new introduction on soil science.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherRead Books Ltd.
    Release dateMay 31, 2013
    ISBN9781473390331
    The Chemistry of Soils - Including Information on Acidity, Nitrification, Lime Requirements and Many Other Aspects of Soil Chemistry

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    Reviews for The Chemistry of Soils - Including Information on Acidity, Nitrification, Lime Requirements and Many Other Aspects of Soil Chemistry

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    • 4/5
      Excelente manual sobre los procedimientos de laboratorio de suelos. Sera mi manual de cabecera para cuando hagamos los análisis respectivos. Estamos enfocados sobre todo en la tecnología para mejorar suelos con la ayuda de abonos cálcicos.

    Book preview

    The Chemistry of Soils - Including Information on Acidity, Nitrification, Lime Requirements and Many Other Aspects of Soil Chemistry - Read Books Ltd.

    SOILS

    IN the early days of agricultural chemistry, it appeared reasonable to hope that the simple chemical analysis of soils would unmistakably reveal specific causes of infertility and lead to the growth of larger crops. Although this aim is at present without complete realisation, the intervening years have been fruitful by bringing a broader outlook and a much fuller appreciation of the complexity of soil problems, and in particular of those problems which involve the relationship between soil and plant. Much of a practical nature has, however, been accomplished, for the causes of infertility in large numbers of soils are clearly revealed by laboratory tests. Further progress will follow the correlation of laboratory work with the results of reliable field trials.

    The academic worker may be profoundly interested in soil as such, and regardless of its crop potentialities, and the farmer may be solely interested in his soil from the point of view of its crop-producing power, but between the two is the farmer’s scientific adviser, whose soil studies are made with an immediate utilitarian object. There is, moreover, an educational aspect of such soil studies, for in few subjects is it so difficult to obtain the essential view from behind the scenes, to enable the tangled skein of factors which make up soil fertility to be unravelled.

    The exercises described in this section illustrate the methods by which the agricultural properties of soils are studied in the laboratory, with sufficient annotation to enable the student to appreciate the educational value of the work.

    It is, however, important that knowledge gained in the laboratory should be supplemented by observations on soil structure, variation in texture, reaction, etc. made in the field under the guidance of an experienced person—a form of instruction which written notes can hardly replace and which is impossible to give within the confines of size and scope of this book. Consequently the value of the laboratory work is greatly enhanced if conducted upon soil samples taken during the course of field study.

    SAMPLING AND PREPARATION OF SAMPLE

    Surface samples of soil are usually taken to a depth of nine inches, unless there is a marked difference between soil and subsoil before that depth is reached. The subsoil is usually taken as the depth 9 to 18 inches or the next nine inches following the change from soil to subsoil. In special cases, e.g. fruit soils, deeper samples may be taken, and in the study of soil profiles, important from the point of view of soil survey work, samples are taken from each level or horizon from the surface to the parent rock. It is important that several samples should be taken from the same field or uniform area, and that these be bulked and well mixed before being analysed. In practice, little is to be gained from analysing each sample separately and averaging the results, for the experimental errors are very little larger when only one analysis of the composite sample is carried out.

    Various sampling tools are used, the most convenient being a 2-inch auger or a special cylindrical tube made for the purpose. The latter consists of a steel tube 2 inches in diameter and 12 inches long. It has a 3/4-inch slit cut lengthwise and all its edges are sharpened. The tube is fixed to a vertical steel rod bent at the end to a ring 2 inches in diameter, through which a wooden handle is fixed. The core of soil obtained is removed with a pointed iron rod. In many cases a spade or trowel may also be used to take the samples.

    In the laboratory, the samples of soil are spread out in shallow trays to dry. When air-dry, the soil is sieved through a 2 mm. sieve to remove larger particles of vegetable matter and stones. The residue from the sieve is rubbed up in a mortar with a wooden pestle, care being taken not to crush stones, and the material is again sieved. The soil passing through the sieve is called fine earth; it is well mixed and is used for subsequent analysis. The treatment which it undergoes afterwards will depend upon the purpose for which it is required; e.g. for some of the chemical analyses a sub-sample of the soil is ground as finely as possible in order to obtain a small representative sample for the ultimate analysis.

    PLANT NUTRIENTS IN THE SOIL

    Most soils contain adequate amounts of the plant nutrients, but not necessarily in a form in which they are available for plants. The presence of these constituents in a soil may be

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