Taxidermy Vol. 8 Reptiles - The Preparation, Mounting and Display of Reptiles
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Taxidermy Vol. 8 Reptiles - The Preparation, Mounting and Display of Reptiles - Read Books Ltd.
THE EARLY HISTORY OF TAXIDERMY
Taxidermy is the art of preserving the skin, together with the fur, feathers, or scales of animals. The word is derived from the Greek words taxis, meaning order, arrangement, or preparation, and derma, meaning skin. A skin may be so prepared for use as a specimen for study, as an exhibit in museums and private collections, as an ornament, or article of apparel. Formerly, such mounting of animal skins was called stuffing
and, in many cases, this was actually what was done (Figure 1). The skin was simply stuffed with straw, excelsior, or other similar material until it looked something like the living animal. Now, however, the stuffing process is entirely obsolete, and great care is taken to model the specimens so they look as lifelike as possible. The old-fashioned bird-stuffer
has been replaced by the taxidermist, or preparator, and the verb to stuff,
as applied to the art of taxidermy, abandoned. The modern taxidermist mounts, or models a specimen; he does not stuff
it.
The art of taxidermy as we know it today does not appear to be an ancient one, and is probably not more than 300 years old. This statement, of course, applies only to the mounting of specimens. The curing of skins for use as wearing apparel, rugs, and so forth, was perfected in very early days. Tracing back to the beginnings of taxidermy, one might say that prehistoric man was the first to practice this art by tanning animal skins for use as clothing. The early tribes which inhabited ancient Britain had no other means of covering their bodies and often used the skins of animals as adornments for their persons and in their homes. Our own American Indians preserved the heads of porcupines, foxes, raccoons, loons (Figure 2), and other birds and animals as decorations on clothing and equipment and for use in ceremonies. The ancient Egyptians also practiced taxidermy of a sort when they embalmed the bodies of dogs, cats, birds, and other animals, although this embalming was accomplished by the use of spices and oils and not by taxidermy methods. Many mummified remains of these birds and animals have been unearthed in the tombs of Egypt and are on exhibition in museums throughout the world.
FIGURE 1