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    Different Varieties of Grapevine - Selected Articles
    Different Varieties of Grapevine - Selected Articles
    Different Varieties of Grapevine - Selected Articles
    Ebook122 pages1 hour

    Different Varieties of Grapevine - Selected Articles

    By Read Books Ltd.

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    About this ebook

    This book is thoroughly recommended for the professional and amateur winegrower. Experts on the subject write about different varieties of grape. Contents Include: Culture of the Muscat Grape; Tabular View of the Size, Colour, Shape, etc. of all the Varieties of American Grape; Description of Vines; Select Varieties of Grapes; What Species of Grapevine Shall We Cultivate?; List of Varieties; Description of Varieties; Description of Varieties 2. This book contains classic material dating back to the 1900s and before. The content has been carefully selected for its interest and relevance to a modern audience.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherRead Books Ltd.
    Release dateOct 12, 2011
    ISBN9781447491767
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      Different Varieties of Grapevine - Selected Articles - Read Books Ltd.

      Fuller

      Culture of the

      Muscat Grape

      by

      John Sanders

      CULTURE OF THE MUSCAT GRAPE.

      MUCH anxiety and disappointment is often experienced in growing the Muscat Grape, and, in consequence of repeated failures, it is altogether discarded from many places where its presence would greatly enhance the value of the dessert; for, after all, there is no grape that will bear a competition with it when grown as it ought to be; but it is too frequently the case to see these grapes present a miserable appearance, the berries thinly set in the bunch, poorly swelled, and badly coloured. To avoid the latter evils, I will endeavour to state, as clearly as I can, the result of my practice, and which has been, in a great measure, attended with tolerable success.

      The house, like all other vineries, as before stated, should occupy as high a situation in the garden as will ensure good drainage, free and pure air, and be at the same time sheltered from the north and east winds. From the plan of the house given, it will be observed that the vines are planted in the centre of the house, which I consider the only sure method whereby good fruit can be from year to year obtained. In certain situations, and favourable seasons, good Muscats may be had by planting the vines in the common way; but where doubt exists, and fruit in perfection is required, I can with confidence recommend the following directions:—We will suppose a house entirely devoted to this peculiar grape. I begin with the vinery border, a portion of which is inside as well as outside of the house; the space occupied, therefore, from the back part of the border inside to the front part outside ought to be eighteen feet, and with a slope of two feet at least from the back to the front. In making the border, proceed with it in every particular the same as before recommended, taking every precaution to attend to the drainage. When the border is complete, and settled to its proper level, proceed to plant the vines in the centre of the border within the house, and train them up at the same distances as represented in the plan. Much good is derived from planting them thickly: it enables the grower to train every alternate vine up, and the other down, thereby entirely covering every inch of glass surface. Allowing each vine to carry ten or twelve bunches, you thereby secure a much greater weight of fruit than by any other plan, and at the same time each individual vine is not overcropped, which greatly assists them to properly ripen the allotted number in the greatest state of perfection; and the equal dispersion of fine bunches throughout the house gives a rich and luxuriant appearance. It may be argued that their being so thickly planted would, in a short time, produce confusion; but, by spurring or cutting them back every year to one eye, they preserve a neat, close, and compact appearance. The best proof I can offer is, that one house, under my own cultivation, which has received the above treatment, is now in as fine a state as possible; indeed, every year there is a decided improvement, both as regards the quantity and quality of the produce. I ought, perhaps, to have before observed, that, with a sufficient number of well-grown vines in pots, a house could be filled with a crop of excellent fruit the first year, without the slightest detriment to the forthcoming crops. I know some persons will sneer at such doctrine, but I only recommend to others what I have found to succeed well with myself. There can be but one opinion as to the propriety of allowing the vines the first year to break or shoot forth as nature dictates, only assisting them at this stage with a moderate warmth, should the weather be unpropitious. The night temperature should not be allowed to range higher than fifty-five degrees, with an increase during the day of ten or fifteen degrees, from the commencement of their showing signs of vitality. Avoid upon all occasions a draught or current of cold air, which is most prejudicial; and greater injury is often done from this cause than may generally be supposed. At the same time, I strongly advocate a free admission of air, but which ought to be given upon principle, viz., allowing it to pass off from the top of the house, where the temperature is at all times the highest, consequently the impure portion of the air has the more need of escape at the point of collection. If any one will take the trouble to place himself immediately under the top lights, when the sun in the morning throws his cheering and powerful rays on the glass, he will at once perceive the necessity there is of admitting air at that point, and also of the care which ought to be taken in opening the lights by little at a time, particularly if the outward air is cold and piercing, for then even a small admission of the chilling blast is sensibly felt on the person. How much more must it be felt by the young and tender shoots! The evils arising from a glut or sudden rush of air being at once admitted are incalculable. When the sun is very powerful, with a cold nipping wind (which is often the case even in the months when we should expect a warm and balmy breeze), I would rather allow the internal atmosphere to rise ten degrees higher, than admit air from the front of the house in conjunction with the top, preferring to give all that is available from the upper part before resorting to other means. Many good crops of grapes are destroyed for the want of due care being given to proper and judicious ventilation: and this is often attributed to the border, the situation, or any other cause but the right one.

      The treatment of the Muscat in pruning and thinning will in no wise differ from that before recommended for the Hamburgh and others. It is the practice of many to keep a very high temperature for this most delicious grape, but such, in my opinion, is erroneous. A uniform and progressive heat, as the vine advances in growth, is certainly requisite, and during the period they are in bloom a somewhat closer atmosphere than was before required is essential. There is a peculiar delicacy, if I may so term it, in the formation of the seed-vessels of this grape, which renders it difficult to set, unless the temperature is well regulated, by keeping it pure, rather moist, and well ventilated; but by no means steam the house at any stage of their growth, more particularly now, as it only tends to increase that precarious weakness which they naturally undergo. Previously to, and during, the time they are in bloom, be careful to remove every superfluous lateral shoot, so as to admit as much light and air as possible. I do not mean to deprive them of more than is proper; but at this period the growth is generally most rapid and vigorous, and two days’ inattention would very much encumber and darken the house. I by no means recommend the bunches to be exposed to the strong glare of the sun’s rays, as they would receive great injury thereby; but it is highly beneficial that the permanent leaves, which protect the bunches, should be allowed full exposure. Another objection exists in allowing the lateral shoots to grow beyond their allotted space: much moisture is thereby detained, which not only acts prejudicially to the bunches, but also causes the leaves to be scorched, and hence arise red spider and disfiguration. As soon as the berries are set, lose no time in thinning. With this, as with other grapes, the sooner that operation is performed the better, which will cause the berries to be much finer. Throughout the whole period of their growth they must be supplied plentifully with tepid water at the roots, occasionally giving a thin decoction of sheep-manure water. Provided the border was made according to the directions before stated, water may be given freely without fear of damage from stagnation; but few plants are more susceptible of injury from too damp and retentive a soil than the Muscat grape: hence, therefore, arises the necessity of

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