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    From Knowledge Abstraction to Management: Using Ranganathan’s Faceted Schema to Develop Conceptual Frameworks for Digital Libraries
    From Knowledge Abstraction to Management: Using Ranganathan’s Faceted Schema to Develop Conceptual Frameworks for Digital Libraries
    From Knowledge Abstraction to Management: Using Ranganathan’s Faceted Schema to Develop Conceptual Frameworks for Digital Libraries
    Ebook328 pages2 hours

    From Knowledge Abstraction to Management: Using Ranganathan’s Faceted Schema to Develop Conceptual Frameworks for Digital Libraries

    By Aparajita Suman

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    About this ebook

    The increasing volume of information in the contemporary world entails demand for efficient knowledge management (KM) systems; a logical method of information organization that will allow proper semantic querying to identify things that match meaning in natural language. On this concept, the role of an information manager goes beyond implementing a search and clustering system, to the ability to map and logically present the subject domain and related cross domains. From Knowledge Abstraction to Management answers this need by analysing ontology tools and techniques, helping the reader develop a conceptual framework from the digital library perspective. Beginning with the concept of knowledge abstraction, before discussing the Solecistic versus the Semantic Web, the book goes on to consider knowledge organisation, the development of conceptual frameworks, untying conceptual tangles, and the concept of faceted knowledge representation.
    • Offers a semantic solution to knowledge and information managers
    • Demonstrates the development of a system for semantic knowledge organization and retrieval
    • Relevant to those without much coding experience
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherElsevier Science
    Release dateOct 31, 2013
    ISBN9781780633695
    From Knowledge Abstraction to Management: Using Ranganathan’s Faceted Schema to Develop Conceptual Frameworks for Digital Libraries
    Author

    Aparajita Suman

    Aparajita Suman is Senior Advisor, Knowledge Management, with FHI 360, Improving Healthy Behaviors Project, India. With expertise in planning, setting up and managing specialized communication and information services, she has wide experience of helping organizations use knowledge and communication to achieve their goals. With over a decade of experience, Aparajita has built strong KM and communications systems using a combination of people, processes and technology in the private, national and international, government institutional, and UN sector. Aparajita teaches on courses, presents papers and conducts training programs in the areas of KM, Communications and Intellectual Property Rights, all with a passion to teach. She speaks at numerous conferences and associations.

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      Book preview

      From Knowledge Abstraction to Management - Aparajita Suman

      skills.

      1

      Introduction: knowledge abstraction: problems and context-based solution

      Abstract:

      Knowledge and information portals are not new to the present generation of professionals, and have become more or less synonymous with storage and retrieval of digital information. As the volume of information increases, and likewise the demand for it, it is essential to devise a logical way of information organization. Ontology, extensively used in philosophy to define the state of being, has now been borrowed and customized to define the existence of a digital resource. But, ontology per se cannot be the panacea for all the problems associated with the retrieval of information from web. The concept and the technology need to be redefined. Only then will there be way out of the present web of information where chaos reigns and there is little organization.

      This chapter provides an overview of the context-based faceted approach, including a brief introduction, facets of the problem, and context of the concept of knowledge abstraction. It also provides hypotheses, scope, and methodology adapted to finding a way through the information overload.

      Key words

      Ontology; analytico-synthetic organization; Colon Classification; UML

      Background

      The knowledge portal does not need any formal introduction; it has become synonymous with the storage and retrieval of digital information on the internet/intranet. Originally a scholarly venture to provide user information at the desktop, it is now one of the most popular and reliable sources of information.

      The increasing volume of and demand for information have made the logical organization of information essential. The concept of ontology has recently been borrowed from philosophy and is being used as a mechanism to define the existence of a document on the World Wide Web.¹ Ontologies can be used to define the following stages in facilitating a distributed information retrieval system:

      ■ initial construction

      ■ assisting users to form queries

      ■ decomposing and translating queries expressed in one or more high-level domains into a query plan for specific data sources.

      However, ontology alone is not enough to express the problems associated with the retrieval of information from the web. Redefining both the concept and technology for the purpose of knowledge portals is the only way out of the present web of information, where there is chaos and little organization.

      Knowledge organization: problems and context-based solution

      A successful strategy allows the concept to grow from the core and represent various manifestations. The era of print documents and library classification schemes provides a ray of hope, particularly Colon Classification and analytico-synthetic classification. The most impressive result of this classification scheme for documents in a library, designed by Dr. S. R. Ranganathan, is the way in which documents are arranged on the shelf. The system reflects every user’s information needs in a spectrum from precise domain to peripheral subjects, serving the APUPA (Alien-Penumbral-Umbral-Penumbral-Alien) model of establishing formal relationships between subjects as on the shelves of a library. The idea proposed in this book builds on this key principle; why can’t online resources be arranged in the same way on the web?

      A web user looking for a document on democracy, for example, would first use the search engine to search for democracy and then select the most relevant result in an attempt to find the specific information or required document. However, this will satisfy only the information seeker’s primary information need. The role of the digital librarian goes beyond implementing a simple keyword box-based search; we should be able to map and display logically the subject domain and related cross domains in the digital repository. Searching for a particular piece of information should return the specific document and the whole spectrum of associated concepts/domains, similar to the APUPA pattern on the shelf of the physical library.

      This can be achieved in an interesting way if the shelf arrangement is based on the scientific mapping of different subjects used in Colon Classification and the same concept is then extrapolated to enable facet analysis.

      Facetization: extrapolation of concepts for framework

      According to the theory behind Colon Classification, each subject or domain consists of facets, which are defined as distinct divisions of a domain.

      A domain is made of Entities (E); entities have Properties (P); and there are Actions by or on the entities. Hence categories of concepts belong to distinct divisions of the domain, such as Entity, Property, and Action. Entities are called Personality (P) and properties Matter (M), while actions such as Energy (E) and the concepts of Space (S) and Time (T) are associated across domains. Hence, every domain represented as a subject (BS) has facets P, M, E, S and T; the simplest possible implementation of the theory of Faceted Classification and the facet formula (BS),P;M:E’S’T serves as a generic framework to model the domain.

      The more complex implementation of this model deals with compound and complex subjects with cross-domain, intra-facet and inter-facet concepts. The framework based on this concept will facilitate semantic searching using Unified Modeling Language (UML) concept maps. It will also enable domain experts without much coding expertise to create ontologies for the resources when submitting them to digital libraries.

      An approach to bring hope

      The problem is not lack of information, but the lack of reliable tools for its retrieval. This is the result of the Internet’s size, distributed nature and rapid evolution. Today most search engines can index and search documents; however, the different techniques available (including exact word, truncation, Boolean and proximity searches, as well as other techniques such as fuzzy, soundex, ranking of query results, case sensitive/insensitive), are nowhere near the ideal approach, which would be based on the way information is logically organized in the human mind. The study of reusable knowledge components (ontologies) is a similar type of approach. Marking up web pages semantically using terms from an explicit ontology can improve retrieval and help to integrate data many pages in length. Study of information organization in libraries worldwide is needed. The same concept can also be applied to digital libraries; however, it must be remembered that the basic anatomy of digital libraries/information portals is completely different from that of traditional libraries.

      Most existing libraries are now going digital, while at the same time many new digital libraries are being established, the reason being the ever-increasing volume of literature published online. Users are now demanding information services in digital format because of the associated ease and speed of retrieval. Tools that will allow proper semantic querying to identify things that match a meaning in natural language and vice versa are needed, along with corresponding definition and storage mechanisms. This book takes up an analytical study of existing ontology tools and techniques and attempts to develop a conceptual framework from a digital library perspective. From the current perspective of global knowledge representation, there is a need to remodel a meaningful semantic internet for the modeling, representation and exchange of

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