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    Heterogeneous Computing with OpenCL 2.0
    Heterogeneous Computing with OpenCL 2.0
    Heterogeneous Computing with OpenCL 2.0
    Ebook602 pages7 hours

    Heterogeneous Computing with OpenCL 2.0

    By David R. Kaeli, Perhaad Mistry, Dana Schaa and Dong Ping Zhang

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    About this ebook

    Heterogeneous Computing with OpenCL 2.0 teaches OpenCL and parallel programming for complex systems that may include a variety of device architectures: multi-core CPUs, GPUs, and fully-integrated Accelerated Processing Units (APUs). This fully-revised edition includes the latest enhancements in OpenCL 2.0 including:

    • Shared virtual memory to increase programming flexibility and reduce data transfers that consume resources • Dynamic parallelism which reduces processor load and avoids bottlenecks • Improved imaging support and integration with OpenGL

    Designed to work on multiple platforms, OpenCL will help you more effectively program for a heterogeneous future. Written by leaders in the parallel computing and OpenCL communities, this book explores memory spaces, optimization techniques, extensions, debugging and profiling. Multiple case studies and examples illustrate high-performance algorithms, distributing work across heterogeneous systems, embedded domain-specific languages, and will give you hands-on OpenCL experience to address a range of fundamental parallel algorithms.

    • Updated content to cover the latest developments in OpenCL 2.0, including improvements in memory handling, parallelism, and imaging support
    • Explanations of principles and strategies to learn parallel programming with OpenCL, from understanding the abstraction models to thoroughly testing and debugging complete applications
    • Example code covering image analytics, web plugins, particle simulations, video editing, performance optimization, and more
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherElsevier Science
    Release dateJun 18, 2015
    ISBN9780128016497
    Heterogeneous Computing with OpenCL 2.0
    Author

    David R. Kaeli

    David Kaeli received a BS and PhD in Electrical Engineering from Rutgers University, and an MS in Computer Engineering from Syracuse University. He is the Associate Dean of Undergraduate Programs in the College of Engineering and a Full Processor on the ECE faculty at Northeastern University, Boston, MA where he directs the Northeastern University Computer Architecture Research Laboratory (NUCAR). Prior to joining Northeastern in 1993, Kaeli spent 12 years at IBM, the last 7 at T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY. Dr. Kaeli has co-authored more than 200 critically reviewed publications. His research spans a range of areas including microarchitecture to back-end compilers and software engineering. He leads a number of research projects in the area of GPU Computing. He presently serves as the Chair of the IEEE Technical Committee on Computer Architecture. Dr. Kaeli is an IEEE Fellow and a member of the ACM.

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      Book preview

      Heterogeneous Computing with OpenCL 2.0 - David R. Kaeli

      book.

      Chapter 1

      Introduction

      Abstract

      This chapter introduces the book. The key elements are the concepts of parallelism, the general model of OpenCL (versus CUDA or other parallel languages).

      Keywords

      Introduction

      Heterogeneous computing

      Parallel programming

      Parallelism

      Grain of computation

      1.1 Introduction to Heterogeneous Computing

      Heterogeneous computing includes both serial and parallel processing. With heterogeneous computing, tasks that comprise an application are mapped to the best processing device available on the system. The presence of multiple devices on a system presents an opportunity for programs to utilize concurrency and parallelism, and improve performance and power. Open Computing Language (OpenCL) is a programming language developed specifically to support heterogeneous computing environments. To help the reader understand many of the exciting features provided in OpenCL 2.0, we begin with an introduction to heterogeneous and parallel computing. We will then be better positioned to discuss heterogeneous programming in the context of OpenCL.

      Today’s heterogeneous computing environments are becoming more multifaceted, exploiting the capabilities of a range of multicore microprocessors, central processing units (CPUs), digital signal processors, reconfigurable hardware (field-programmable gate arrays), and graphics processing units (GPUs). Presented with so much heterogeneity, the process of mapping the software task to such a wide array of architectures poses a number of challenges to the programming community.

      Heterogeneous applications commonly include a mix of workload behaviors, ranging from control intensive (e.g. searching, sorting, and parsing) to data intensive (e.g. image processing, simulation and modeling, and data mining). Some tasks can also be characterized as compute intensive (e.g. iterative methods, numerical methods, and financial modeling), where the overall throughput of the task is heavily dependent on the computational efficiency of the underlying hardware device. Each of these workload classes typically executes most efficiently on a specific style of hardware architecture. No single device is best for running all classes of workloads. For instance, control-intensive applications tend to run faster on superscalar CPUs, where significant die real estate has been devoted to branch prediction mechanisms, whereas data-intensive applications tend to run faster on vector architectures, where the same operation is applied to multiple data items, and multiple operations are executed in parallel.

      1.2 The Goals of This Book

      The first edition of this book was the first of its kind to present OpenCL programming in a fashion appropriate for the classroom. In the second edition, we updated the contents for the OpenCL 1.2 standard. In this version, we consider the major changes in the OpenCL 2.0 standard, and we also consider a broader class of applications. The book is organized to address the need for teaching parallel programming on current system architectures using OpenCL as the target language. It includes examples for CPUs, GPUs, and their integration in the accelerated processing unit (APU). Another major goal of this book is to provide a guide to programmers to develop well-designed programs in OpenCL targeting parallel systems. The book leads the programmer through the various abstractions and features provided by the OpenCL programming environment. The examples offer the reader a simple introduction, and then proceed to increasingly more challenging applications and their associated optimization techniques. This book also discusses tools for aiding the development process in terms of profiling and debugging such that the reader need not feel lost in the development process. The book is accompanied by a set of instructor slides and programming examples, which support its use by an OpenCL instructor. Please visit http://store.elsevier.com/9780128014141 for additional

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