The Fundamentals of House Building - With Information on Planning, Architecture and Materials
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The Fundamentals of House Building - With Information on Planning, Architecture and Materials - D. H. Jacques
HOUSE-BUILDING.
He who improves the dwellings of a people, in relation to their comforts, habits, and morais, makes a benignant and lasting reform at the very foundations of society.—Village and Farm Outages.
I.—FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES.
HAVING traced the dwelling-house to its origin, and pointed out the significance of its various forms, we shall now, before presenting the designs and descriptions which form the main body of our work, proceed to lay before the reader a few practical hints and suggestions on the general subject of house-building. These hints and suggestions will necessarily be briefly expressed; but their importance must not be measured by the space they occupy.
We have little to do here with the theory of architecture; but there are two or three fundamental principles involved in house-building which we wish, at the outset, distinctly to impress upon the reader’s mind.
1. Adaptation to Use.—In erecting a building of any kind, the first thing to be considered, and the last to be lost sight of, is the use to which it is to be appropriated. Adaptation to this use must not be sacrificed to anything else. The plan and construction of a dwelling-house, for instance, must be quite different from those of a church edifice or a barn; because its purpose and uses are different. For the same reason, a country residence should not resemble a city dwelling, and a farm house should be unlike the cottage of the mechanic. And the law of fitness applies to all the details of a house as well as to its general form. It should be our guide in the arrangement of rooms; in the disposition of doors, windows, stairs, and chimneys; and in the provisions made for warming and ventilation. Adaptation to climate, situation, and the condition and means of the proprietor falls under the same head. Let it be remembered, then, that this principle of fitness, or adaptation to use, lies at the foundation of all satisfactory house-building. It will be more fully illustrated as we proceed.
2. Expression of Purpose.—But it is not enough that a building be planned with strict reference to the uses to which it ia to be devoted. Truthfulness, which should run through all our works, as well as our words, demands that its purpose shall be expressed in its construction—that a church, for instance, shall not require a label to inform us of its ecclesiastic character, and that a dwelling-house shall be known as such at a glance. This principle, strange as it may seem, is frequently violated. Church edifices are made to look like barns, dwelling-houses are built on the model of a Grecian temple, and we sometimes see stables which may be mistaken, at the first glance, for farm cottages.
The prominent features conveying expression of purpose in dwelling-houses,
Downing says, are the chimneys, the windows, and the porch, veranda, or piazza; and for this reason, whenever it is desired to raise the character of a cottage or a villa above mediocrity, attention should be first bestowed on those portions of the building.
Loudon says: