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    Hyper-cortisolism (Cushing Syndrome), A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Hyper-cortisolism (Cushing Syndrome), A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Hyper-cortisolism (Cushing Syndrome), A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Ebook126 pages1 hour

    Hyper-cortisolism (Cushing Syndrome), A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

    By Kenneth Kee

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    About this ebook

    The exposure of the body to excess amounts of glucocorticoids steroids is the cause of the medical disorder Hyper-cortosolism (Cushing Syndrome).
    The Hyper-cortosolism will happen when the body is exposed to high levels of the hormone cortisol and therefore the word Hyper-cortosolism is more appropriate than Cushing Syndrome.
    It may also happen if the patient takes too much cortisol or other steroid hormones.
    People of all ages are affected but more are seen in females from 30 to 50 years of age.
    The most common cause of Hyper-cortosolism is taking excess glucocorticosteroid medicine.
    This form of Hyper-cortosolism is called exogenous Cushing syndrome
    Other people form Hyper-cortisolism because their body secretes too much cortisol.
    The cortisol is made in the adrenal glands.
    The causes of too much cortisol are:
    1. Cushing disease, which happens when the pituitary gland produces too much of the hormone ACTH by itself.
    ACTH then activates the adrenal glands to form too much cortisol.
    A pituitary gland tumor can produce this disorder.
    2. Tumor of the adrenal gland
    a. Tumor somewhere in the body that forms corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH)
    b. Tumors somewhere in the body that form ACTH (ectopic Cushing syndrome)
    Exposure to excess glucocorticoids leads to multiple medical problems, such as:
    1. Hypertension,
    2. Obesity,
    3. Osteoporosis,
    4. Fractures,
    5. Impaired immune function,
    6. Impaired wound healing,
    7. Glucose intolerance,
    8. Psychosis
    Most people with Hyper-cortisolism have:
    1. Round, red, full face (moon face)
    2. Slow growth rate (in children)
    3. Weight gain with fat accumulation on the trunk
    Diagnosis of Hyper-cortisolism:
    1. The typical moon face and buffalo hump can suggest the diagnosis of Hyper-cortisolism
    2. Blood sugar and white blood cell counts may be high.
    3. Potassium level may be low.
    Laboratory tests that may be done to diagnose Hyper-cortisolism and identify the cause are:
    1. Serum cortisol levels
    2. Salivary cortisol levels
    3. Dexamethasone suppression test
    4. 24-hour urine for cortisol and creatinine
    5. ACTH level
    The treatment for exogenous Cushing syndrome is slow withdrawal of glucocorticoid.
    Medicines used in the treatment of Cushing syndrome are:
    1. Somatostatin analogs (e.g., pasireotide)
    2. Adrenal steroid inhibitors (e.g., metyrapone, ketoconazole, aminoglutethimide, mifepristone)
    Surgical option
    1. Remove a causative tumor if possible.
    The chosen treatment for endogenous Cushing syndrome is surgical excision of the causative tumor.
    This primary treatment for Cushing disease is trans-sphenoidal surgery and the primary treatment for adrenal tumors is adrenalectomy.
    TABLE OF CONTENT
    Introduction
    Chapter 1 Hyper-cortisolism
    Chapter 2 Causes
    Chapter 3 Symptoms
    Chapter 4 Diagnosis
    Chapter 5 Treatment
    Chapter 6 Prognosis
    Chapter 7 Addison Disease
    Chapter 8 Adrenal Fatigue
    Epilogue

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherKenneth Kee
    Release dateNov 4, 2016
    ISBN9781370878697
    Hyper-cortisolism (Cushing Syndrome), A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Author

    Kenneth Kee

    Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

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      Book preview

      Hyper-cortisolism (Cushing Syndrome), A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee

      Hyper-cortisolism

      (Cushing Syndrome),

      A

      Simple

      Guide

      To

      The Condition,

      Diagnosis,

      Treatment

      And

      Related Conditions

      By

      Dr Kenneth Kee

      M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

      Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

      Copyright Kenneth Kee 2016 Smashwords Edition

      Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

      Dedication

      This book is dedicated

      To my wife Dorothy

      And my children

      Carolyn, Grace

      And Kelvin

      This book describes the Hyper-cortisolism, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

      (What You Need to Treat Hyper-cortisolism)

      This eBook is licensed for the personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

      If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

      Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

      Introduction

      I have been writing medical articles for my blog http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Condition) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

      My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

      Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

      I then wrote an autobiolographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

      This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Conditions into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

      From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 700 amazon kindle books and some into Smashwords.com eBooks.

      Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

      For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

      The later books go into more details of medical conditions.

      The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

      Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

      As I tried to bring you the latest information about a condition or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

      Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

      I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

      I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

      I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

      Chapter 1

      Hyper-cortisolism (Cushing’s Syndrome)

      What is Hyper-cortosolism?

      The exposure of the body to excess amounts of glucocorticoids steroids is the cause of the medical disorder Hyper-cortosolism (Cushing Syndrome).

      The Hyper-cortosolism will happen when the body is exposed to high levels of the hormone cortisol and therefore the word Hyper-cortosolism is more appropriate than Cushing Syndrome.

      It may also happen if the patient takes too much cortisol or other steroid hormones.

      People of all ages are affected but more are seen in females from 30 to 50 years of age.

      What are the causes of Hyper-cortosolism?

      A. The most common cause of Hyper-cortosolism is taking excess glucocorticosteroid medicine.

      This form of Hyper-cortosolism is called exogenous Cushing syndrome.

      Prednisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone are examples of this type of medicine.

      Glucocorticoids imitate the action of the cortisol (the body's natural hormone).

      These medicines are used to treat many diseases such as asthma, cancer, bowel disease, skin inflammation, joint pain, and rheumatoid arthritis.

      B. Other people form Hyper-cortisolism because their body secretes too much cortisol.

      The cortisol is made in the adrenal glands.

      The causes of too much cortisol are:

      1. Cushing disease, which happens when the pituitary gland produces too much of the hormone ACTH by itself.

      ACTH then activates the adrenal glands to form too much cortisol.

      A pituitary gland tumor can produce this disorder.

      2. Tumor of the adrenal gland

      a. Tumor somewhere in the body that forms corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH)

      b. Tumors somewhere in the body that form ACTH (ectopic Cushing syndrome)

      These causes are:

      Some people form Hyper-cortisolism because their bodies secrete too much cortisol, a hormone normally secreted in the adrenal gland.

      Endogenous glucocorticoid over-production

      1. Cushing Disease – This happens when the pituitary gland makes excess hormone ACTH.

      ACTH-producing pituitary adenoma

      Pituitary adenomas that produce ACTH are derived from corticotrophs in the anterior pituitary.

      ACTH produced by corticotrophs is released into the circulation and works on the adrenal cortex to produce hyperplasia and activate the secretion of adrenal steroids.

      These adenomas can lead to loss of production of other anterior pituitary hormones (growth hormone, TSH, FSH, LH, and prolactin) and the posterior pituitary hormone vasopressin.

      Pituitary tumors can also press on the hypophyseal stalk causing hyper-prolactinemia from loss of dopamine inhibition.

      Nelson syndrome is caused by a large ACTH-secreting pituitary tumor.

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