The Everything Kids' Geography Book: From the Grand Canyon to the Great Barrier Reef - explore the world!
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About this ebook
- What's growing in the Amazon Rainforest;
- The longest river in the world - the Nile in Africa;
- The "frozen Ts" of Asia - the tundra and the taiga;
- Shelves of ice in Antarctica;
- The uniqueness of the Australian Outback;
- And more!
Jane P. Gardner
An Adams Media author.
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Book preview
The Everything Kids' Geography Book - Jane P. Gardner
From the Grand Canyon to the Great Barrier Reef—
explore the world!
Jane P. Gardner and J. Elizabeth Mills
tit1Avon, Massachusetts
PUBLISHER Karen Cooper
DIRECTOR OF ACQUISITIONS AND INNOVATION Paula Munier
MANAGING EDITOR, EVERYTHING SERIES Lisa Laing
COPY CHIEF Casey Ebert
ACQUISITIONS EDITOR Katie McDonough
ASSOCIATE DEVELOPMENT EDITOR Elizabeth Kassab
EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Hillary Thompson
Copyright © 2009 Simon and Schuster
All rights reserved.
This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without permission from the
publisher; exceptions are made for brief excerpts used in published reviews and photocopies
made for classroom use.
An Everything® Series Book.
Everything® and everything.com® are registered trademarks of F+W Media, Inc.
Published by Adams Media, an imprint of Simon & Schuster, Inc.
57 Littlefield Street, Avon, MA 02322. U.S.A.
www.adamsmedia.com
ISBN-10: 1-59869-683-1
ISBN-13: 978-1-59869-683-7
eISBN: 978-1-60550-757-6
Printed in the United States of America.
J I H G F E D C B A
This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information with regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional advice. If legal advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought.
—From a Declaration of Principles jointly adopted by a Committee of the
American Bar Association and a Committee of Publishers and Associations
Interior illustrations by Kurt Dolber.
Puzzles by Scot Ritchie.
This book is available at quantity discounts for bulk purchases.
For information, please call 1-800-289-0963.
Visit the entire Everything® series at www.everything.com
Dedication
To Jesse and Emmett—the question askers.
—J.P.G.
To my parents, who took me to Japan and opened up the world to me.
I am forever grateful.
—E.M.
Contents
9781598696837_0004_001Acknowledgments
I’d like to thank Gina Panettieri for her assistance and patience with this project. Thanks to the editors at Adams Media, especially Elizabeth Kassab, for the opportunity to work on this project. Many thanks to my coauthor Elizabeth Mills for her terrific work. Thanks to Diana for getting me started. Thanks to Jane Willan for providing the required moral support. And to Eric, for everything, as always.
—J.P.G.
Introduction
Long ago, people wondered about the size and shape of the Earth. They wanted to know what lands lay on other shores, who lived there, and what their lives were like. So they built ships to sail the seas and trekked across foreign lands to explore this big world. These explorers shaped the countries we know today, carving borders, establishing capitals, and settling cities.
But geography didn’t end hundreds of years ago. There are geographers today who have the same curiosities. What does it take to be a geographer? It takes some special knowledge of Earth sciences such as biology and geology. It takes some knowledge of people sciences such as anthropology. Above all, it takes a deep desire to learn new things.
You hold in your hands a guide to the countries on planet Earth. You can read about England, China, Brazil, Kenya, Wales, the United States, and many other places. You’ll learn about kangaroos and lions, penguins and camels, polar bears and pandas, geckos and blue whales. You’ll meet all kinds of people from big cities and small villages. You can read this book from cover to cover or skip around from one chapter to the next. The important thing is to catch the travel bug and to always be curious about everything around you.
The next time you look at a globe, perhaps the world will feel smaller and more familiar to you. Spin the globe and let your finger stop it. Where did your finger land? Perhaps you will have a chance to travel to that country and meet the people who live there. What will you say to them? Think about how you’ll describe your hometown and what you will learn about the country you’re visiting.
Dear Parents,
Today’s world is getting smaller and smaller. Television, the Internet, and other means of communication have linked us to people and events in other countries. This book is written to introduce your child to the big world out there. The Everything® Kids’ Geography Book will take your child on a trip around the world. Each chapter will feature a different continent or region of the world, with an emphasis on the physical and cultural geography of the countries found there. Here are few of the things your child will read about in this book:
• the extreme temperatures of the Sahara
• the vast diversity of the Amazon Rainforest
• how the jagged peaks of the Himalayas and the Andes formed
• wildlife on Antarctica and near the North Pole
It is impossible to cover all of world geography in one book. This book is meant to spark your child’s interest in the world and its people, animals, and landforms. Read the book with your child and discuss it. If your child is interested in a particular topic, guide him or her to other resources to find more information. Consider the following as you and your child explore the world of geography:
• use a map or an atlas to find the different countries mentioned
• introduce your family to the cuisine of a different country
• search the Internet for more information about the culture and the people of the world
• discuss the impact of climate and climate change on animals that live in different areas of the world
The possibilities are endless. We hope your child will develop an appreciation for the world around us as you read this book together!
—Jane P. Gardner and J. Elizabeth Mills
CHAPTER 1
Geography Is Fun!
9781598696837_0010_001What Is Geography?
Whether you’re already interested in geography or are just discovering it for the first time, you’re going to love this book! Where else can you read about rainforests, volcanoes, penguins, and hurricanes all in one book? This book will take you on a trip around the world so you can look at the different continents and the countries that are found on them. You’ll also take a peek at the people and animals living in these countries and what their lives might be like. Whether you are traveling north, south, east, or west, you will discover new and exciting things about the world of geography—but first you have to know what exactly geography is! There is probably more to it than you think.
9781598696837_0011_001CLIMATE: Climate is the long-term weather in an area. When scientists talk about the climate of the area, they are looking at data about the temperature and precipitation in an area over many years. You may have heard the concern about climate change in the news lately. The climate of an area, or of the entire Earth, can change over time.
Geography is the study of many different things. People who study geography think about the Earth, the things that are found on its surface, and the people, animals, and plants that live on it. Geography is the study of oceans, earthquakes, and mountains. It is the study of populations, food supplies, and climate. It is also the study of kangaroos, whales, and deserts. Geography takes all of these topics and looks at how they are related.
There are two main parts to the study of geography. The first is physical geography. Physical geography is the study of the surface of the Earth. This includes climate, mountains, oceans, and the plants that grow in these areas. The next part is cultural geography. Cultural geography is the study of the people on Earth. It is concerned with where people live and what their lives are like. The physical and the cultural sides of geography can be combined into one larger story about the entire Earth.
The people who study geography are called geographers. Geographers really need to know a lot about a lot of different things. They must know about different sciences such as geology and biology. That way they can understand what is happening on Earth and how it affects the creatures that live there. Geographers love their maps. They need to know how to read, interpret, and make maps. Geographers need to be good at math because they use numbers to track and record data. Geographers may also need to know about different cultures and people. And geographers today need to be able to use computers and other types of technology. Geographers help make decisions about worldwide issues. Maybe you will consider studying geography some day!
Fun Fact
GIS
9781598696837_0012_001GIS, or geographic information systems, is a technology that makes the study of geography easier. It uses computers, satellites, software, and other data to find patterns in geography. GIS is used to make and improve maps, globes, and models of places and things on Earth. It is one example of the way cool new technologies are helping the study of geography.
The Globe: Our Home
A globe is a small model of our home—Earth. It is a round ball with the continents and oceans labeled on it. It shows what the Earth looks like if you could travel out in space and look at it.
Most globes show the equator and the North and South poles. A closer look at a globe may show a series of lines. Lines that run vertically (up and down) on the globe are called longitude lines. Lines that run horizontally (left to right) are called latitude lines. Each location on Earth has its own unique set of latitude and longitude coordinates. This makes it possible to find any specific location on Earth.
The equator is an imaginary line that is found in the middle of the Earth. The equator has latitude of 0 degrees. It