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    Electrochemistry of Dihydroxybenzene Compounds: Carbon Based Electrodes and Their Uses in Synthesis and Sensors
    Electrochemistry of Dihydroxybenzene Compounds: Carbon Based Electrodes and Their Uses in Synthesis and Sensors
    Electrochemistry of Dihydroxybenzene Compounds: Carbon Based Electrodes and Their Uses in Synthesis and Sensors
    Ebook261 pages2 hours

    Electrochemistry of Dihydroxybenzene Compounds: Carbon Based Electrodes and Their Uses in Synthesis and Sensors

    By Hanieh Ghadimi, Sulaiman Ab Ghani and IS Amiri

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    About this ebook

    Electrochemistry of Dihydroxybenzene Compounds: Electrochemistry of Dihydroxybenzene Compounds focuses on developing a simple, highly sensitive and accurate voltammetric method to assess diphenols and other chemical compounds using composite-modified and glassy carbon-based electrodes.

    The determination of the trace levels of chemicals in products is a fundamental challenge in chemistry research, education and industry. This book presents significant approaches to this challenge, including the application of a wide range of electrodes under easily controlled conditions.

    Practical and concise, the book is an accessible quick reference for chemists and pharmacologists for assessing the electrochemistry of D-compounds.

    • Covers the methodology and practical applications of the many electrochemical techniques available
    • Introduces readers to the process of synthesizing new DHB derivatives by electrochemical methods
    • Incorporates a variety of carbon-based electrodes, including glassy carbon, composite graphite, carbon nanotube and graphene as substrate electrodes
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherElsevier Science
    Release dateJan 23, 2017
    ISBN9780128134085
    Electrochemistry of Dihydroxybenzene Compounds: Carbon Based Electrodes and Their Uses in Synthesis and Sensors
    Author

    Hanieh Ghadimi

    Hanieh Ghadimi, received her Ph.D. in analytical chemistry-nanoelectrochemistry in 2013 from the Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) in Penang, Malaysia. She started working as a post-doctoral research fellow at the University of Malaya since 2014. Her research interests include nanomaterials, composites, chemical sensor and electrochemical sensors. She is also a part of the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at the University of Akron, OH, USA.

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      Book preview

      Electrochemistry of Dihydroxybenzene Compounds - Hanieh Ghadimi

      Electrochemistry of Dihydroxybenzene Compounds

      Carbon Based Electrodes and Their Uses in Synthesis and Sensors

      Hanieh Ghadimi

      Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, United States

      Universiti Sains Malaysia, P. Pinang, Malaysia

      Sulaiman Ab Ghani

      Universiti Sains Malaysia, P. Pinang, Malaysia

      IS Amiri

      University of Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpure, Malaysia

      Table of Contents

      Cover image

      Title page

      Copyright

      List of Figures

      List of Tables

      List of Schemes

      Acknowledgments

      List of Abbreviations and Symbols

      Chapter 1. Introduction

      Abstract

      1.1 Nanotechnology and Nanoscience

      1.2 Carbon-Based Materials

      1.3 The Importance of Electrode Surface in Electrochemistry

      1.4 Polymer Nanocomposite (PNC) Based on Carbon Nanomaterial Electrode

      1.5 Conductive Polymer

      1.6 Electroorganic Synthesis

      1.7 Dihydroxybenzenes and Its Derivatives

      1.8 Electrochemical Synthesis of CT in the Presence of Nucleophile

      1.9 Methods Used for Determination of Dihydroxybenzene (DHB)

      1.10 Electrochemical Sensors for Analysis

      1.11 Application of the Nanocomposite-Modified Electrodes for Pharmaceutical Analysis

      1.12 Problem Statement

      1.13 Objectives

      Chapter 2. Experimental

      Abstract

      2.1 Materials

      2.2 Instruments

      2.3 Electrochemical Method for Synthesis of Dihydroxybenzenes Derivatives

      2.4 Electrochemical Study of Modified Electrodes

      2.5 Determination of TSC in Real Samples

      2.6 Electrochemical Sensor Studies

      2.7 Real Sample Analysis

      2.8 Characterization of the Modified Electrodes

      Chapter 3. Results and Discussion

      Abstract

      3.1 Cyclic Voltammetric Studies of CT in Absence and Presence of TSC

      3.2 Controlled-Potential Bulk Electrolysis for Electroorganic Synthesis of the Product

      3.3 Characterization of 6,7-Dihydroxy-1,2-Dihydrobenzo[e] [1,2,4]-Triazine-3(4H)-Thione Compound, 7

      3.4 Quantification of TSC

      3.5 Interference Studies

      3.6 Applications

      3.7 Electrochemical Characterization of P4VP/MWCNT–GCE

      3.8 Electrochemical Characterization of P4VP/GR–GCE

      3.9 Electrochemistry of HQ and CT on the P4VP/MWCNT–GCE

      3.10 Determination of CT and HQ Using DPV

      3.11 Application to Real Sample Analysis

      3.12 Interference Studies

      3.13 Reproducibility and Stability of P4VP/MWCNT–GCE

      3.14 Electrochemistry of Diphenols on the P4VP/GR–GCE

      3.15 Determination of CT and HQ Using DPV

      3.16 Application to Real Sample Analysis

      3.17 Interference Studies

      3.18 Reproducibility and Stability of P4VP/GR–GCE

      3.19 Analysis of Pharmaceutical Sample

      3.20 Electrochemical Behavior of PCT

      3.21 Determination of PCT by DPV

      3.22 Analysis of Real Samples

      3.23 Reproducibility and Stability of P4VP/MWCNT–GCE

      3.24 Interference Studies

      3.25 Electrochemical Behavior of PCT on the P4VP/GR–GCE

      3.26 Determination of PCT by DPV

      3.27 Determination of PCT in Pharmaceutical and Biological Samples

      3.28 Reproducibility and Stability of P4VP/GR–GCE

      3.29 Interference Studies

      3.30 CV of ASA at the P4VP/MWCNT–GCE

      3.31 CV of Caffeine at the P4VP/MWCNT–GCE

      3.32 Determination of ASA and Caffeine Individually

      3.33 Analytical Applications

      3.34 Simultaneous Determination of PCT, ASA, and Caffeine

      3.35 Reproducibility and Stability

      Chapter 4. Conclusion

      Abstract

      References

      Copyright

      Elsevier

      Radarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands

      The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, United Kingdom

      50 Hampshire Street, 5th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States

      Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

      No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.

      This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).

      Notices

      Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.

      Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.

      To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.

      British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

      A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress

      ISBN: 978-0-12-813222-7

      For Information on all Elsevier publications visit our website at https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals

      Publisher: John Fedor

      Acquisition Editor: John Fedor

      Editorial Project Manager: Tasha Frank

      Production Project Manager: Maria Bernard

      Designer: MPS

      Typeset by MPS Limited, Chennai, India

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