What Happens When We Die?
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About this ebook
A straightforward treatment of the only existential issue that matters from the Christian perspective.
In What Happens When We Die? Tom Long provides information about the promises and convictions of the Christian gospel concerning death and life after death. He surveys in simple terms the major themes surrounding death, dying, and hope for an afterlife.
Thomas G. Long
Thomas G. Long is Bandy Professor Emeritus of Preaching at Candler School of Theology, Emory University. He has taught preaching for over forty years, and his introductory textbook, The Witness of Preaching, has been translated into a number of languages and is widely used in theological schools around the world. Long has served as the president of the Academy of Homiletics and as senior homiletics editor of the New Interpreter’s Bible. He has been editor of Theology Today and serves as an editor-at-large at The Christian Century. Long has been honored with the distinction of delivering the Lyman Beecher Lectures in Preaching at Yale Divinity School and was also named by Time magazine as one of the most effective preachers in the English language. A Presbyterian minister, Long has served churches in Georgia and New Jersey.
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What Happens When We Die? - Thomas G. Long
In the Hour of Our Death
The Fear of Our Mortality
A good friend of mine read the New York Times bestselling book Being Mortal ¹ by Atul Gawande, a surgeon and a professor at Harvard Medical School. The book is a very frank physician’s description of what it is like for us, as human beings, to come to the end of life. Dr. Gawande describes what it means to grow old, what it means for our bodies to wear down and to fail, and especially what it means to encounter the inevitable truth that we will all die. When my friend got about halfway through the book, he confessed to me, You know, this book scares the heck out of me!
I understand. What frightened my friend about this book, and what would frighten most of us, I suppose, is right there in the book’s title: Being Mortal. We are all mortal. We will all die. We know that, of course, but until death actually draws near, we know it only in the abstract. There is an old Jewish saying, Everybody knows they’re going to die, but nobody believes it.
When he was seventy-one years old, the former U.S. president Thomas Jefferson wrote to another former president, the seventy-eight-year-old John Adams,
Our machines have been running seventy or eighty years and we must expect . . . here a pivot, there a wheel, now a pinion, next a spring will be giving way. . . . There is a ripeness of time for death . . . when it is reasonable we should drop off and make room for another growth.²
Notice how Jefferson, while frankly admitting that he and Adams will die, still distances himself from the raw reality of it by speaking of death as reasonable
and using metaphors for body parts such as wheels and springs. What can be so frightening about a book like Being Mortal is that the author does not gloss over the biological facts, nor does he disguise the bodily deterioration with metaphors. Our blood vessels narrow and become stiff from calcium buildup, Gawande says, causing the heart to pump harder. By age sixty-five, more than half of us have hypertension. At eighty, we have lost between one-quarter and a half of our muscle weight, and after age eighty-five, 40 percent of us have lost all of our teeth. Gawande goes on:
Although the processes can be slowed—diet and physical exercise can make a difference—they cannot be stopped. Our functional lung capacity decreases. Our bowels slow down. Our glands stop functioning. Even our brains shrink: at the age of thirty, the brain is a three-pound organ that barely fits inside the skull; by our seventies, gray-matter loss leaves almost an inch of spare room. . . . [A]fter a blow to the head, the brain actually rattles around inside. . . . Processing speeds start decreasing well before age forty. . . . By age eighty-five, working memory and judgment are sufficiently impaired that 40 percent of us have textbook dementia.³
In sum, Dr. Gawande forces us to face the truth that what happens to the human body over time is not pretty. We are all aging, and along with aging comes physical and mental diminishment. There’s no way around it, no way to stop it. Despite all the vitamins and exercise and healthy diets and strong medicines in the world, our minds and our bodies will ultimately decline and fail; we will all eventually come to the end of our days.
Ways We Respond to Our Mortality
There are three main