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    The Planning Guide to Piping Design
    The Planning Guide to Piping Design
    The Planning Guide to Piping Design
    Ebook425 pages7 hours

    The Planning Guide to Piping Design

    By Richard Beale and Paul Bowers

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    About this ebook

    The Planning Guide to Piping Design, Second Edition, covers the entire process of managing and executing project piping designs, from conceptual to mechanical completion, also explaining what roles and responsibilities are required of the piping lead during the process. The book explains proven piping design methods in step-by-step processes that cover the increasing use of new technologies and software. Extended coverage is provided for the piping lead to manage piping design activities, which include supervising, planning, scheduling, evaluating manpower, monitoring progress and communicating the piping design.

    With newly revised chapters and the addition of a chapter on CAD software, the book provides the mentorship for piping leads, engineers and designers to grasp the requirements of piping supervision in the modern age.

    • Provides essential standards, specifications and checklists and their importance in the initial set-up phase of piping project’s execution
    • Explains and provides real-world examples of key procedures that the piping lead can use to monitor progress
    • Describes project deliverables for both small and complex size projects
    • Offers newly revised chapters including a new chapter on CAD software
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherElsevier Science
    Release dateOct 22, 2017
    ISBN9780128126622
    The Planning Guide to Piping Design
    Author

    Richard Beale

    Richard Beale has over 40 years of plant layout and piping design experience on upstream, midstream and downstream oil and gas industry projects in the employ of engineering, fabrication, construction and producer companies. His career started as a junior piping draftsman in 1974, and over the years he has held the roles of piping drafter, piping designer, piping squad leader, project piping lead, design and drafting department manager, and technical support to fabrication and construction. He is currently employed by a major oil and gas producer in Engineering Information Management. Having witnessed the technological transition from manual design and drafting to 2D CAD and 3D CAD, he holds a firm belief that a key ingredient to full realization of successful project execution through the adoption of new design technology is being lost. This being a corresponding erosion of experienced design and drafting practitioners possessing of the abilities to develop, modify, and execute new and existing design and drafting procedures that complement the changing technology. It is this belief that has stirred him to write this book as a way of filling the experience gap

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      Book preview

      The Planning Guide to Piping Design - Richard Beale

      edition.

      Chapter One

      Before You Begin

      Abstract

      This chapter sets the tone for the purpose of the book. It begins by creating an awareness of the importance of an initial piping design set-up and moves to introducing in summary the topics that are covered in more detail in the following chapters. Summarization begins with a review of the common aspects of piping design set-up known to all piping designers; these being standards, specifications, and procedures. The chapter moves to discussing the often overlooked project management documentation, such as the Design Basis Memorandum and Project Execution Plan, of which the piping lead must inform themselves due to there being information contained in this documentation that can impact set-up decisions. The chapter is concluded by emphasizing that the piping lead is accountable for the piping set-up on the project.

      Keywords

      Standards; specifications; procedures; drawings; piping classes; charts; CAD; design basis memorandum; DBM; Project Execution Plan; PEP

      1.1 Introduction

      In order to execute the piping designs of a project efficiently, it is essential that you initially identify and address all of the prerequisites that must be in place for the piping designers to start work. In order to do this you must first recognize all the questions that must be asked and answered, assemble all the needed tools, and make decisions accordingly. As you progress in your career you will find that this ability is required for any project, and that the best piping leads are those who can create missing tools when the need arises.

      The intent of this chapter is to provoke your thought process: it focuses on the questions to ask and the tools required in order to begin a project. Do you have everything you need to proceed?

      A first step is to assemble and then make yourself familiar with the engineering company and/or client standards, specifications, and procedures to be used on the project. Larger clients will have certain requirements in place and mandate that those requirements be used on the project, whereas smaller clients will likely default entirely to the engineering company. Generally speaking, all projects will use a combination of engineering company and client standards, specifications, and procedures. You must ensure that you know which you are using and where they come from. As a piping lead it is doubly important to familiarize yourself with these requirements, not just so you can guide your team, but because you will likely have to explain your design basis to other departments and sometimes even to the client themselves. It is also up to you to insist that they be respected and adhered to, or that a formal deviation be approved by the client. On this note, you must inform yourself of the deviation procedure to be used on the project.

      • Examples of standards are as follows:

      • Standard fabrication and installation details/drawings such as shoe design and base ell supports.

      • Drawing standards such as layering, text heights, and drawing symbols.

      • Charts such as line spacing within racks.

      • Examples of specifications are piping classes, equipment spacing requirements, and egress and ingress requirements (walkways, platforms, and ladders).

      • Examples of procedures are drawing reviews, model reviews, checking, and as-builting.

      Below are some brief explanations of standards, specifications, and procedures, and their most likely sources. There are no guarantees, so you will have to investigate each in turn. As we progress into further chapters we will highlight these in more detail, discuss the importance of decision making at an early stage, and discuss the links between the topics. Once you have investigated, assembled, and made all your decisions, you are ready to go, and you have set yourself on a path toward a successful piping execution. By the time you have completed your initial set-up you will have a greater understanding of the project, the expectations, and how you will achieve those expectations. Knowing the reasons behind all of the decisions you have made or helped to make will put you in a position to recognize when things are going wrong, and will aid greatly later in correcting them.

      1.2 Standards

      To determine whether the standards to be used are going to come from your own company or your client, you must consult with your project management team and the client.

      Standards include the following:

      • Standard drawings

      • Charts

      • Drawing templates and drawing standards

      • Drawing numbering

      • 3D model numbering

      • Material commodity codes

      1.2.1 Standard drawings

      Standard drawings are typical fabrication and installation details of commonly encountered items. These are assigned a tag number for easy reference on the piping arrangements and isometrics. The use of a standard avoids detailing the same thing time after time. Commonly, standard drawings are as follows:

      • Shoes

      • Anchors: fixed and directional

      • Guides

      • Base ell supports

      • Dummy legs

      • Trunnions

      • Field supports

      • Reinforcing pads

      • Slide plates

      • Tracing details

      • Insulation details

      • Instrument connection details

      • Orifice tap orientations

      • Block and bleed details

      • Vents and drains

      • Utility Stations

      • Heat Trace Manifolds

      Where suitable, a standard will cover more than one Nominal Pipe Size (NPS), so that one fit for purpose design may be used on a range of pipe sizes. For instance, all companies will have shoe designs that will cover a range similar to the ones below:

      • NPS 6 and under

      • NPS 8 to NPS 12

      • NPS 14 to NPS 18

      • NPS 20 to NPS 24

      You will find that companies mercilessly plagiarize from each other, and most likely you will recognize standards that you have used before as you move from one company to another. You may even see a standard that you created or helped to create being used by another company.

      Examples of standards are shown in Figs. 1.1–1.7.

      Figure 1.1 Dummy leg.

      Figure 1.2 Trunnion support.

      Figure 1.3 Base support.

      Figure 1.4 Pipe shoe.

      Figure 1.5 Directional anchor NPS 6 and under.

      Figure 1.6 Directional anchor NPS 8 to NPS 12.

      Figure 1.7 Single block vent and drain.

      1.2.2 Charts

      There are three charts that are the most important to the piping designers and must be in place:

      • Branch connection (can vary by piping class and may be included within the piping classes)

      • Line spacing

      • Line spanning

      Examples of these are shown in Tables 1.1–1.4.

      Table 1.1

      Branch connections process lines

      Table 1.2

      Branch connections instrument and utility air

      Table 1.3

      Line spacing chart

      Table 1.4

      Line spanning chart

      While line spacing charts and branch connection charts are fairly straightforward, care must be taken with line spanning charts. Line spanning charts will provide layout guidance, but many load factors may affect the posted spans. Final pipe spans must be confirmed during stress analysis.

      While not vital, a chart worthy of adding to the above list is that for nozzle projection. Projections (distance from the surface of a vessel or tank to the face of the flanges) vary with nozzle size, flange rating, insulation thickness, and reinforcing pad thickness. The minimum projection allows for approximately 3 in. (76 mm) of pipe length between the shell and a weld neck flange. This length is required for welding and removal of stud bolts. An example of a Nozzle Projection Chart is Table 1.5. A nozzle chart is useful for discussion with the mechanical group and study work prior to the receipt of vendor drawings.

      Table 1.5

      Nozzle projection chart

      All dimensions are in mm.

      Dimensions do not include insulation or reinforcing pad thicknesses.

      1.2.3 Drawing templates and drawing standards

      Drawing templates are required for the drawings that are to be created for the project. There are four common drawing templates for four plot sizes depending on drawing type and/or scale factor:

      • ANSI paper sizes used in the United States and Canada:

      • A size—8½″×11″ (e.g., standards).

      • B size—11″×17″ (e.g., construction isometrics).

      • D size—22″ × 34″ (e.g., Process Flow Diagrams (PFDs), Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs), and piping arrangements).

      • E size—34″ × 44″ (e.g., plot plans, equipment location plans, and key plans).

      • ISO A series paper sizes used in the rest of the world:

      • A4—210 mm × 297 mm (e.g., standards).

      • A3—297 mm × 420 mm (e.g., isometrics).

      • A1—594 mm × 841 mm (e.g., PFDs, P&IDs, and piping arrangements).

      • A0—841 mm × 1189 mm (e.g., plot plans, equipment location plans, and key plans).

      ANSI C (17″ × 22″) and ISO A2 (420 mm × 594 mm) paper sizes are usually reserved for reduced size plots of ANSI D and E, and ISO A1 and A0. This is due to being a convenient handling size while retaining a large enough drawing size for clarity and

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