Nefertari, For Whom The Sun Rises.
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Nefertari, For Whom The Sun Rises. - Valeria Ornano
BIBLIOGRAPHY
NEFERTARI
for whom the sun rises
––––––––
Valeria Ornano
Introduction
Can the image of a woman who has lived over three thousand years ago survive all these centuries and still convey an idea of beauty? It appears it does. The name of Queen Nefertari has been rediscovered and immortalized over the years; her physical and intellectual charm is the envy of every modern woman. The popular name of Nefertari elicits an image of exquisiteness which often brings beauty parlors or wellness centres from all over the world to exploit this association to promote their products. It is an astounding result considering how rare it is that a word from an ancient language has been inherited without changing its original meaning. The most beautiful
, such is the translation of this legendary queen’s name who did not only possess exquisite physical traits, as old scribes were delighted to underline, but plenty of admirable virtues too.
The purpose of this book is to shed light on the image of Nefertari, which, although extremely famous, is still wrapped in the mystery of her time. There aren’t enough volumes entirely focused on her, which is a wise decision considering how little we know about this queen; not many Egyptologists would venture on such a hard endeavour, despite their academic knowledge, which is why I’ve decided to take up this challenge, without any pretense if not that of a self-taught scholar with an infinite passion for Ancient Egypt and a strict approach towards the unknown. Therefore, the intent behind this book is to examine in depth the historical figure of Nefertari and her immortal legacy, it does not wish to represent an official source nor an academic textbook for scholars.
It is hard to put together all the information about the earthly life of Nefertari, to understand the circumstances that have brought to the rebirth of this very well-known queen of Egypt, but it gets a lot easier to connect the dots if we analyze the archaeological findings and take the most accredited interpretations into account, which is finally, what I’ve tried to achieve in my research.
Part 1
THE EARTHLY LIFE OF NEFERTARI
As briefly mentioned above, to trace in detail Nefertari’s life is certainly a difficult deed and this complication is not primarily due, as one would think, to the notable lapse of time, rather to something that concerned all the sovereigns of Ancient Egypt, which is the lack of interest in the personal anecdotes of kings and queens. This cultural indifference has resulted in blank pages throughout history. The only way to fill in these spaces is to retrace their worldly events, free from politics or anything related to the pharaonic cult, through indirect sources or through intuitions which sadly can scarcely replace scientific facts.
It is already hard when one has to deal with a king, the difficulty increases when it’s about a queen. By happy chance, Nefertari fulfilled quite an important political and religious role during the reign of her husband Ramses II, a context that reveals more details about her, compared to the lack of information about other queens. Nefertari is probably the most documented one, along with Nefertiti, Akhenaton’s wife, who lived 50 years before our queen, Hatshepsut and Cleopatra VII Philopator, the latter closer to us, in terms of time, than to the ancient Egyptians.
Starting with this premise, in the following part all the stories linked to Nefertari’s life will be retraced, analyzing the different existing theories which are inevitably born out of the inaccuracy of the historic sources.
The woman’s treatment in the Pharaonic Egypt
Jean Françoise Champollion, hieroglyphics code breaker and father of modern Egyptology, once wrote "One can appreciate the degree of civilization of the peoples according to the more or less bearable status of women in the social organization". It has been rather interesting to discover how Ancient Egypt treated women considering how the female gender has often had a long history of mistreatment in ancient civilizations. As a matter of fact here lies the peculiarity and originality of this culture which is considered remarkable when it comes to women’s rights. Being equal to the male gender meant that certain aspects, such as her biological diversity, were taken into account; for instance she would only take part to suitable social roles rather than something she would have traditionally been forced to do.
The overall independence of the Egyptian woman would even surprise the ancient Greek society, despite the latter’s well-known indulgence towards the female gender. However, the consequences of the Hellenism in Egypt were pretty dire; the Egyptian woman was soon downgraded and today she’s still fighting to get back what’s rightfully hers.
The birth of a baby girl was not a disappointing