501 Portuguese Verbs

This book is affectionately dedicated to the memory of

Lloyd Kasten,

friend, mentor, and pioneer

in the teaching of the

Portuguese language in North America.

© Copyright 2016, 2005, 1995 by Barron’s Educational Series, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without the written permission of the copyright owner.

All inquiries should be addressed to:

Barron’s Educational Series, Inc.

250 Wireless Boulevard

Hauppauge, New York 11788

www.barronseduc.com

E-ISBN: 978-1-4380-6793-3

Nitti, John J. author.

501 Portuguese verbs / John J. Nitti, Michael J. Ferreira.—Third edition. pages cm. — (501 verb series)

ISBN 978-1-4380-0523-2 (paperback)

1. Portuguese language—Verb—Tables. 2. Portuguese language—Parts of speech—Tables. 3. Portuguese language—Grammar. I. Ferreira, Michael J. author. II. Title. III. Title: Five hundred and one Portuguese verbs.

PC5145.N52 2015

469.82'421—dc23

2015009339

CONTENTS

Foreword

Subject Pronouns

List of Tenses

Sample Conjugations of Regular Verbs

Reflexive Verbs

Reflexive Pronouns

A Sample Reflexive Conjugation

Object Pronouns and Contracted Forms of Object Pronouns

Peculiarities of Certain Verb-Plus-Direct-Object-Pronoun Combinations

Future Indicative and Conditional Pronominal Conjugations

Formation of Commands

The True Passive Voice

The Progressive Tense

Some Verbs with Irregular or Double Past Participles

Defective and Impersonal Verbs

501 Portuguese Verbs—Fully Conjugated in all the Tenses

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

Z

English-Portuguese Index

Portuguese-English Index

FOREWORD

Portuguese, sometimes mistaken to be merely a variety of Spanish, is in fact the official tongue of over 250 million people in Europe, South America, Africa, Asia, India, the Azores, Madeira, Cape Verde, Timor, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands. Today, the formal study of Portuguese is an important part of both undergraduate and graduate curricula of a significant number of North American colleges and universities, largely as a result of the growing cultural, economic, and technological interests shared by the United States, Brazil, and Portugal.

In compiling this verb book, we have been guided by the wish to provide you with a concise yet comprehensive foundation of Portuguese verbal paradigms, as well as a handy set of reference sources of a substantial number of verbs employed both in daily speech and in the literature of that language. Of course, while no guide to the verbal structure and semantics of a language can by itself claim completeness, we believe that the information contained herein, especially when used as an adjunct to a general-purpose grammar and an adequate conversational component, can greatly assist you in acquiring fluency in Portuguese.

Although Sample Conjugations of Regular Verbs includes the seldom-used, literary compound tenses formed with the auxiliary verb haver, in our desire to emphasize the more popular, spoken forms, we have excluded those literary compound constructions from the individual verb conjugations. Moreover, Portuguese possesses two varieties of the pluperfect indicative, both of which are to be found conjugated throughout this manual. The first, the simple pluperfect indicative, is essentially literary and has, in common usage, been replaced by its compound counterpart.

Unlike Spanish, the vowel phonology of which is comparatively simple, the Portuguese language makes a distinction between open and close varieties of the vowels o and e, a differentiation that is semantically significant. An example of this meaningful vocalic variation is the contrast between such words as avó grandmother and avô grandfather, the sole differentiating articulation of which is that of their final o sound. In avó the ó sounds quite similar to the o in the English word soft; whereas the ô of avô has a sound not unlike that of the o in English old. Frequently, this difference in vowel quality is the sole element distinguishing a noun from a verb: gosto taste (with a close ô) and gosto I like (with an open ó), or even, as in the case of the verb poder to be able to, between one tense and another: ele pode "he is able to" (with an open ó) and ele pôde "he was able to" (with a close ô).

The use of diacritical (accent) marks and verbal orthography varies among writers of Portuguese in response to phonetic differences in those varieties of Portuguese. The previous operative agreements from 1945 in Portugal and 1943 in Brazil (with slight additional modification enacted by law in 1971) have been now replaced by the 1990 Orthographic Accord in both Brazil and Portugal. When in December of 1990 representatives of the governments of Portugal, Brazil, Angola, Mozambique, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe met in Lisbon to sign a new orthographic accord in an effort to foster a higher degree of spelling consistency among the various Portuguese-speaking nations, while endeavoring to respect different practices in pronunciation, it appeared that by January 1, 1994, the date by which the accord was to take effect, there might finally be mandated a greater orthographic consistency among the various Portuguese-speaking nations. However, that proposed date of implementation came and went without those nations having completed the necessary process of ratification, such that, in July 1998 representatives of those states felt it necessary to reconvene in order to remove from the original document of 1990 any mention of a specific date of implementation, leaving only the language requiring ratification by their respective countries prior to any general promulgation of the provisions of the agreement. After a few amendments and despite not being officially ratified by all parties that belong to the Community of Portuguese Language Countries, the 1990 Orthographic Accord went into effect on January 1, 2009 in Brazil and on May 13, 2009 in Portugal. On January 1, 2012, all governmental organs in Portugal adopted the new norms in official documents. This third edition, therefore, has been revised to conform to the new accord.

The acute and circumflex accents serve a twofold purpose, that of indicating stress as well as vowel quality. The acute accent may appear over á, é, í, ó, or ú as an indicator of stress; but, when it is placed over é, or ó (in addition to á in Continental Portuguese), it simultaneously acts as a marker of the open versions of those vowels, as already exemplified by avó. The circumflex is found only over â, ê, or ô indicating stress as well as signaling the close variety of those vowels, as in âncora anchor, autêntico authentic, and pôde "he was able to." The reader will also notice that first conjugation verbs, i.e., those whose infinitives end in -AR, show throughout the book an accented á in their first person plural preterit indicative forms (e.g., falámos), with no such accent on their corresponding first person plural present indicative forms (e.g., falamos). This is because the á and the a, though both are stressed in those forms, are pronounced differently in Continental Portuguese (the á sounding like ah but the a pronounced as uh). No such difference is heard in Brazilian speech, however, with both forms usually sounding like uh. It is for that reason, therefore, that the use of the accent mark in the preterit form is mandatory in Continental Portuguese, while unnecessary in Brazil. The til (˜), as the tilde is known in Portuguese, is a marker of nasality and is found in verbs only as part of the nasal suffixal diphthong -ão. When no other sign of stress is present, the til then assumes that function as well (e.g., falarão they will speak).

The vocalic timbre variation described above is not simply an independent phonetic phenomenon of the language, but has important implications within the very system of Portuguese verbal inflection as well. Numerous so-called radical-changing verbs do not manifest their changes orthographically, but rather orally by means of timbre mutation of their stressed vowels. Verbs of this type, whose spelling does not indicate a radical change in those persons of the verb that have a stressed open vowel, have been printed herein using italic type and are further flagged with an asterisk. Additionally, you should notice the spelling changes that occur in some verbs contained in this manual. Such modifications consist of the following alternations, resulting from pronunciation rules of the Portuguese alphabet: ç/c caçar: caço/cacei, cace; c/ç tecer: tece/teço, teça; c/qu criticar: critico/critiquei, critique; g/gu conjugar: conjugo/conjuguei, conjugue; gu/g distinguir: distingue/distingo, distinga; g/j fugir: foge/fujo, fuja.

Besides the 501 verbs conjugated herein, this revised edition contains over 1000 additional verbs accompanied by their English meanings in the Portuguese-English Index and cross-referenced to similarly conjugated verbs whose full conjugations are provided herein. Moreover, these additional verbs that are likewise found cross-referenced in the English-Portuguese Index, extend significantly the range of verbal semantics of both the everyday spoken as well as literary varieties of standard Continental and Brazilian Portuguese.

You will also find beneath each of the paradigms of the 501 verbs conjugated herein commentary and/or sample Portuguese sentences (with English translations), intended to illustrate Portuguese verbal usage.

Not surprisingly, there are very considerable differences between Continental and Brazilian usage at every level, besides simple spelling practices, and we have attempted to point out such variations wherever possible.

We wish to acknowledge the invaluable assistance afforded us by H. Elizabeth Jones in the preparation of this revised edition.

John J. Nitti

Michael J. Ferreira

SUBJECT PRONOUNS

*In the conversational Portuguese of both Portugal and Brazil it is more common to hear the expression "a gente," construed with the 3rd person singular of the verb, to convey the notion of "we," rather than the 1st person plural subject pronoun "nós," construed with the 1st person plural of the verb.

TEMPOS-TENSES

With examples of each

*The Present Perfect Indicative is not used as often in Portuguese as in English and should only be employed when describing a repetitive or continuous past action which carries over into the present and may be likely to extend into the future. Tenho dormido muito nestes últimos dias. I have slept (been sleeping) a lot lately.

The Preterit Indicative should be used if the action described has been completed in the past, even though the English translation could be expressed by the Present Perfect. Já vendi a casa. I sold the house already. (I have sold the house already.)

**In Brazil the conjuntivo is called the subjuntivo.

SAMPLE CONJUGATIONS OF REGULAR VERBS

INFINITIVE MOOD

* Only the radical-changing verb forms with open stressed vowels appear in italic type. For further explanation see Foreword.

REFLEXIVE VERBS

A verb is said to be reflexive when its subject acts upon itself. If the object of a verb refers to the same person as its subject, the verb is being used reflexively, for example: Levanto-me I get (me) up.

The reflexive construction is employed more extensively in Portuguese than in English, as the following summary of reflexive verb usage in Portuguese reveals:

1. Usage dictates that a number of Portuguese verbs be conjugated normally in the reflexive, while their English counterparts are not. A few of the more common such verbs are: Lembrar-se to remember, levantar-se to get up, queixar-se to complain, sentar-se to sit down, zangar-se to get angry.

2. Several Portuguese verbs even change their meaning when used reflexively. For example:

3. The reflexive is used in Portuguese to express reciprocal action. Naturally, this may be accomplished only in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd persons plural of a verb.

In some instances, confusion may arise between the usual meaning of the reflexive and that evoked by the reciprocal usage.

In such instances, where the situational logic is ambiguous, Portuguese speakers may add an extra phrase to the sentence intended to signify reciprocal action. The most common auxiliary expression of reciprocity is: Um ao outro.

4. In Portuguese the reflexive construction is also used to express an indeterminate subject (the so-called impersonal construction), which corresponds to the English forms You, one, people, and they:

5. Verbs in the reflexive are often used to convey the passive voice.

6. Finally, it must be pointed out that, although the following sample reflexive conjugation is presented in standard textbook fashion, in actual usage the positioning of the reflexive pronoun with respect to its verb is governed by complex syntactic as well as phonetic principles which vary considerably between Continental and Brazilian Portuguese. Not surprisingly, as with other personal object pronouns in Portuguese, reflexive pronouns may occur preposed (proclitic), postposed (enclitic), and even interposed (mesoclitic) to the verb forms with which they are construed. Generally speaking, in Continental Portuguese sentences never begin with a preposed reflexive pronoun unless a noun or pronoun subject is also present; whereas, in standard Brazilian usage such prepositioning has become the norm.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

A SAMPLE REFLEXIVE CONJUGATION

PECULIARITIES OF CERTAIN

VERB-PLUS-DIRECT-OBJECT-PRONOUN COMBINATIONS

1. When the direct object pronouns a, o, as, or os follow and are attached (by a hyphen) to a verb form ending in r, s, or z, certain changes in spelling occur.

A. The final -r of all infinitives is dropped and the object pronouns acquire an initial l.

(Note the respective diacritical marks added to the 1st and 2nd conjugation verbs.)

B. When the direct object pronouns a, o, as, or os are attached to verb forms ending in s or z, the final s or z is dropped and an initial l is added to the direct compliment.

2. When the direct objects a, o, as, or os are connected to the end of verb forms having nasal terminations (-ão, -õe, -m), those objects acquire an initial n.

FUTURE INDICATIVE AND CONDITIONAL PRONOMINAL CONJUGATIONS

When verbs conjugated in the future indicative and the conditional are conjugated with object pronouns (also see sample reflexive conjugation), the pronouns are placed as infixes between the verb stem and the conjugation ending. This construction, which is referred to as a pronominal or mesoclitic conjugation, has become essentially a literary construction and is rarely, if ever, heard in conversational Portuguese on either side of the Atlantic. To avoid use of the mesoclitic pronominal construction, most speakers of Continental Portuguese will employ a subject pronoun, thereby permitting the placement of the unstressed (atonic) object pronouns before the verb form. In conversational Brazilian Portuguese it is normal for unstressed object pronouns to precede the verb anyway, a practice which no doubt has aided in the elimination of the mesoclitic pronominal construction from Brazilian usage.

Note that when the direct object pronouns o, os, a, as are infixed, the verb stem is altered in the same manner as with the simple infinitive.

In seeking to avoid cumbersome mesoclitic constructions, Continental speakers may simply employ a subject pronoun, and then put the object pronoun(s) before the verb form.

FORMATION OF COMMANDS

The true imperative mood is used only for the affirmative second person (singular and plural) command forms. For all other commands, the appropriate present subjunctive forms are used.

NOTES: 1. The let’s equivalent may also be expressed by vamos + infinitive: Vamos falar! Let’s talk!

2. A somewhat softer alternative command expression is faça (faz, façam) o favor de + infinitive:

2nd pers. sing.—Faz (Faze) o favor de abrir (abrires) a janela.

Do me the favor of opening the window.

3rd pers. sing.—Faça o favor de se sentar aqui.

Please sit here.

3rd pers. plur.—Façam o favor de nos informar (informarem) da vossa chegada.

Kindly inform us of your arrival.

THE TRUE PASSIVE VOICE

It has already been pointed out that the reflexive verb construction may be used to express passive meaning. However, if the agent or doer of the action is expressed, then the true passive voice construction should be used. The simple tenses of the true passive voice are formed by adding the past participle of the active verb, which must agree in number and gender with the subject, and to the conjugated forms of ser to be. The compound tenses of the passive are constructed similarly: Sido, the past participle of ser, is placed between the conjugated forms of ter and the past participle of the main verb, which likewise must agree in number and gender with the subject.

A casa é construída pelos operários.

The house is built by the workers.

O Presidente foi eleito pelo povo.

The President was elected by the people.

O doente será curado pelo médico.

The patient will be cured by the doctor.

Espero que a conta seja paga pelo meu pai.

I hope that the bill will be paid by my father.

Receava que os cães fossem atropelados pelo camião.

I was afraid that the dogs were run over by the truck.

Ela disse que a festa seria dada pela escola.

She said that the party would be given by the school.

Eles têm sido louvados pela companhia.

They have been praised by the company.

Disseram-me que você tinha sido nomeado secretário pelo nosso clube.

They told me that you had been appointed secretary by our club.

Quando os aviões chegarem, já as nossas tropas terão sido vencidas pelo inimigo.

When the airplanes arrive, our troops will have already been beaten by the enemy.

Duvido que nós tenhamos sido convidados por ele.

I doubt that we have been invited by him.

Se os barcos tivessem sido capturados pelos piratas, ter-se-iam perdido todas as joias.

If the ships had been captured by the pirates, all the jewels would have been lost.

Se tivesses deixado o teu carro ali, terias sido multado pelo polícia.

If you had left your car there, you would have been fined (ticketed) by the policeman.

THE PROGRESSIVE TENSE

The progressive tense (or aspect) indicates and emphasizes an action that is in progress. Although this construction is most often used in the present and imperfect indicative, it may also be employed in other tenses of the indicative, as well as the subjunctive and the conditional. Similar to the English construction, the Portuguese progressive is formed with the verb to be estar, conjugated in the appropriate tense and followed by the desired present participle.

Estou trabalhando.

I am working.

Ele estava sonhando.

He was dreaming.

Estaremos jogando.

We will be playing.

Espero que esteja nevando.

I hope it will be snowing.

O professor não acreditava que os alunos estivessem estudando.

The professor didn’t believe that the students were studying.

Se os pés do João não estivessem doendo, estaria ganhando a corrida.

If John’s feet weren’t hurting, he would be winning the race.

However, Portuguese possesses an optional form of the progressive, which is in fact the normally-occurring form in Portugal, but which is never heard in Brazil. This second construction once again uses estar, but with the preposition a plus an infinitive instead of a present participle.

Estou a trabalhar.

Ele estava a sonhar.

Estaremos a jogar.

Espero que esteja a nevar.

O professor não acreditava que os alunos estivessem a estudar.

Se os pés do João não estivessem a doer, estaria a ganhar a corrida.

NOTE: The verb ir to go is used in its normal conjugations to indicate progressive action.

SOME COMMONLY USED VERBS THAT HAVE ONLY IRREGULAR PAST PARTICIPLES

abrir—aberto¹ [open, opened]

cobrir—coberto¹ [covered]

dizer—dito [said, told]

escrever—escrito [written]

fazer—feito [done, made]

pôr—posto² [put, placed]

ver—visto [seen]

vir—vindo [come]

¹ The stressed e in aberto and coberto is open in all forms: aberto, abertos, aberta, abertas; coberto, cobertos, coberta, cobertas.

² The stressed o in posto is close, but open in the other forms: postos, posta, postas.

NOTE: The compounds or derivatives of the above verbs also have irregular past participles, e.g., abrir-reabrir/reaberto, cobrir-recobrir/recoberto, dizer-predizer/predito, escrever-descrever/descrito, fazer-refazer/refeito, pôr-compor/composto, ver-antever/antevisto, vir-provir/provindo, etc.

VERBS THAT HAVE DOUBLE FORMS OF THE PAST PARTICIPLE

NOTE: In the case of verbs having two forms of the past participle, the regular form is generally preferred in forming compound tenses with the auxiliary verbs ter and haver, in which case it is always construed in the masculine singular form, while the shorter, irregular forms are generally used as descriptive adjectives with estar and ficar and for forming the passive voice with ser, and must, therefore, agree in number and gender with the subject of the verb. Example: Espero que tenham prendido os terroristas. (I hope they’ve arrested the terrorists), but, Espero que os terroristas tenham sido presos (I hope the terrorists have been arrested).

absorver—absorvido, absorto¹ [absorbed]

aceitar—aceitado, aceite, aceito² [accepted]

acender—acendido, aceso³ [lit, lighted]

afligir—afligido, aflito¹ [afflicted, distressed]

assentar—assentado, assente⁴ [seated]

atender—atendido, atento¹ [answered, attentive]

bem-querer—benquerido, benquisto⁴ [loved]

benzer—benzido, bento [blessed]

confundir—confundido, confuso [confused]

desaceitar—desaceitado, desaceite, desaceito² [rejected]

eleger—elegido, eleito [elected]

emergir—emergido, emerso [emerged]

encarregar—encarregado, encarregue [entrusted]

encher—enchido, cheio¹ [filled, full]

entregar—entregado,⁵ entregue [delivered]

envolver—envolvido, envolto³ & ⁵ [wrapped]

enxugar—enxugado, enxuto [dried (off)]

expelir—expelido, expulso [expelled]

exprimir—exprimido, expresso [expressed]

expulsar—expulsado, expulso [expelled]

extinguir—extinguido, extinto [extinguished, extinct]

fartar—fartado, farto [satiated, fed up]

fritar—fritado, frito¹ [fried]

ganhar—ganho, ganhado⁶ [earned, won]

gastar—gasto, gastado⁶ [spent]

imergir—imergido, imerso [immersed] imprimir—imprimido, impresso [printed]

incorrer—incorrido, incurso¹ [incurred]

inserir—inserido, inserto [inserted]

juntar—juntado, junto¹ [joined, together]

limpar—limpado, limpo¹ [cleaned, clean]

malquerer—malquerido, malquisto⁴ [wished ill]

matar—matado, morto⁷ [killed, murdered]

morrer—morrido, morto [died, dead]

omitir—omitido, omisso [omitted]

pagar—pago, pagado⁶ [paid]

pegar—pegado, pego⁸ [caught, grabbed, picked up]

prender—prendido, preso³ [caught, arrested]

reimprimir—reimprimido, reimpresso [reprinted]

romper—rompido⁵, roto [torn, broken]

salvar—salvado, salvo [saved, rescued]

soltar—soltado,⁵ solto³ [released, loose]

submergir—submergido, submerso [submerged]

suprimir—suprimido, supresso [suppressed]

suspender—suspendido, suspenso [suspended]

tingir—tingido, tinto [dyed, tinted]

¹Irregular form used only as an adjective, but not in forming the passive voice with ser.

²Aceito and desaceito are the irregular forms used in Brazil, while aceite and desaceite are the irregular forms used in Portugal, though não aceite is more commonly used to express the sense of desaceite.

³The stressed e or o of the irregular past part. is close in all forms, e.g., aceso, acesos, acesa, acesas; solto, soltos, solta, soltas. See Foreword for explanation of open and close vowels.

⁴Irregular form now generally considered obselete.

⁵Regular form also used in forming the passive voice with ser.

⁶Regular form now generally considered obsolete.

⁷The stressed o in morto is close, but open in the other forms: mortos, morta, mortas.

⁸Irregular form normally used in Brazil in forming the passive voice with ser and is even heard there in forming compound tenses with ter.

DEFECTIVE AND IMPERSONAL VERBS

Verbs that are designated as defective are those which are not conjugated in all tenses and/or persons of the verb. Besides being defective, so-called impersonal verbs are those which, usually as a consequence of the logic of normal usage, are used only in their 3rd persons singular and/or plural forms, and, moreover, have no imperative forms.

Those defective and impersonal verbs contained in this manual are: abolir, acontecer, anoitecer, banir, chover, chuviscar, colorir, competir, custar, decorrer, demolir, descolorir, doer, explodir, falir, haver, impelir, ladrar, latir, nevar, neviscar, nevoar-se, nublarse, precaver, repelir, trovejar.

It must be pointed out, however, that when haver is used in its literary auxiliary function it is fully conjugated, and that, of course, any defective verb may be fully conjugated if it is used figuratively or metaphorically, though such usage is relatively rare. (See sample sentence under ladrar for an example of such metaphorical usage.)

Alphabetical Listing of 501 Portuguese

Verbs Fully Conjugated

in All the Tenses

A

Samples of verb usage.

A menina abaixava o som do estéreo para se concentrar melhor na leitura.

The girl turned down the sound of the stereo in order to concentrate better on her reading.

Abaixe-se!

Duck!

Quando cheguei hoje ao supermercado o preço do leite tinha abaixado.

When I got to the supermarket today, the price of milk had gone down.

O aluno abaixou-se (se abaixou in Brazil) para pegar o lápis.

The student bent over to pick up the pencil.

Samples of verb usage.

Eles abandonarão o carro no ferro velho.

They will leave the car in the junkyard.

Abandonaste a miúda (menina in Brazil) ali?

Did you desert the little girl over there?

Eu abandono este emprego sem ressentimentos.

I am leaving this job without any regrets.

Ele abandonaria o seu melhor amigo sem hesitar.

He would abandon his best friend without hesitating.

Samples of verb usage.

Aquele vizinho não aborrece ninguém.

That neighbor doesn’t bother anyone.

Este filme está-me a aborrecer (aborrecendo in Brazil).

This movie is boring me.

Eles aborrecerão os pais com esta notícia.

They will displease their parents with the news.

Eu tenho aborrecido muita gente no trabalho.

I have been annoying a lot of people at work.

*NOTE: Only the radical-changing verb forms with open stressed vowels appear in italic type. For further explanation see Foreword.

Samples of verb usage.

A médica abotoou a sua blusa.

The doctor (female) buttoned her blouse.

Ela abotoa os botões da camisa.

She’s fastening the buttons on her shirt.

Você está a abotoar (abotoando in Brazil) os botões nas casas erradas.

You’re buttoning (putting the buttons in) the wrong buttonholes.

Eu abotoarei as calças do meu filho.

I will button my son’s pants.

Samples of verb usage.

Todos os jogadores se abraçaram depois do gol (golo in Portugal).

All the players hugged each other after the goal.

Ela abraçará o seu amigo quando desembarcar do avião.

She will hug her friend when he gets off the plane.

Ele abraçou a primeira oportunidade que teve.

He seized the first opportunity that he had.

Os namorados tinham-se abraçado na escuridão antes da mãe dela acender a luz.

The lovers had embraced in the darkness before her mother turned on the light.

Samples of verb usage.

Ela abriu a porta.

She opened the door.

Quando (nós) abrirmos a janela, ficará frio.

When we open the window, it will become cold.

Eles abrirão as cervejas.

They will open the beers.

Eu me abriria com a pessoa certa.

I would open up to the right person.

Samples of verb usage.

O algodão absorverá todo o sangue.

The cotton will absorb all the blood.

Absorveste a informação rápido.

You absorbed the information quickly.

Este (sapato de) tênis (ténis in Portugal) absorve o impacto muito bem.

This (type of) sneaker absorbs impact very well.

Ela absorve as coisas facilmente.

She absorbs things easily.

*NOTE: Only the radical-changing verb forms with open stressed vowels appear in italic type. For further explanation see Foreword.

Samples of verb usage.

Eles estão a acabar (acabando in Brazil) o trabalho agora.

They are finishing work now.

(Nós) acabamos de chegar em (a in Portugal) casa.

We have just arrived home.

Ela acabará o artigo amanhã.

She will finish the article tomorrow.

O jogo acabou zero a zero.

The game ended zero to zero (scoreless).

Samples of verb usage.

Acalma-te!

Calm down!

O capitão acalmou a tripulação.

The captain calmed down the crew.

As notícias teriam acalmado a todos.

The news would have calmed everyone down.

Ela só se acalmaria se visse o filho.

She would only calm down if she could see her son.

Samples of verb usage.

A neta acariciava o rosto da avó todos os dias antes de ir à escola.

The granddaughter would caress her grandmother’s face every day before going to school.

As meninas gostam de acariciar o cachorro (filhote in Brazil).

The girls like to pet the puppy.

O pai acariciou a cabeça do filho.

The father stroked his son’s head.

O menino queria acariciar a barba do Pai Natal (Papai Noel in Brazil).

The little boy wanted to stroke Santa Claus’ beard.

Samples of verb usage.

Aceitaste a proposta?

Did you accept the offer (proposal)?

Espero que elas tenham aceitado o convite.

I hope they have accepted the invitation.

O artista teria aceitado mil dólares pelo quadro.

The artist would have accepted a thousand dollars for the painting.

A estudante foi aceita (aceite in Portugal) para o programa.

The student was accepted into the program.

*In Brazil the preferred form of the irregular past participle is aceito.

Samples of verb usage.

O namorado dela acendeu a