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    Thyroid Gland, Function, Diseases, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Thyroid Gland, Function, Diseases, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Thyroid Gland, Function, Diseases, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Ebook112 pages1 hour

    Thyroid Gland, Function, Diseases, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

    By Kenneth Kee

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    About this ebook

    This book describes Thyroid Gland, Function, Diseases, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases
    The thyroid gland is a very vital endocrine gland sited in the front of the neck below the larynx
    The two-inch gland comprises two lobes, one on each side of the windpipe joined by tissue called the isthmus.
    It has a primary function in the metabolism, growth and development of the human body.
    It helps to regulate many body functions by constantly secreting a steady amount of thyroid hormones into the bloodstream.
    If the body needs more energy in certain circumstances if it is growing or cold, or during pregnancy, the thyroid gland produces more hormones.
    The thyroid secretes 3 important hormones – tri-iodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and calcitonin.
    Life and Death of a thyroid gland cell:
    My name is Energy Man the Thyroid Gland Cell.
    I was named Energy Man by my friends who feel that Energy Man is the most suitable name of a cell from Energy Inducing Thyroid gland of the human body.
    In the fetus at 3-4 weeks of gestation, our thyroid gland appears as an epithelial proliferation in the floor of the pharynx at the base of the tongue between the tuberculum impar and the copula linguae at a point later indicated by the foramen cecum.
    Our thyroid gland then descends in front of the pharyngeal gut as a bi-lobed diverticulum through the thyroglossal duct.
    Over the next few weeks, we migrate to the base of the neck passing anterior to the hyoid bone.
    Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) start being secreted from the fetal hypothalamus and pituitary at 18-20 weeks of gestation, and fetal production of our thyroxine (T4) reach a clinically significant level at 18–20 weeks.
    Our Fetal triiodothyronine (T3) remains low (less than 15ng/dL) until 30 weeks of gestation, and increases to 50ng/dL at term.
    Preterm births can suffer neurodevelopmental disorders due to lack of maternal thyroid hormones due their own thyroid being insufficiently developed to meet their postnatal needs.
    The portion of our thyroid gland containing our parafollicular C cells responsible for the production of calcitonin is derived from the neural crest.
    The ultimobranchial body joins our primordial thyroid gland during its descent to its final location in the anterior neck.
    My thyroid tissue is made up of 2 types of cells:
    1.Most of my thyroid tissue consists of the follicular cells which secrete my iodine-containing hormones called thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
    2.My parafollicular cells which are clear cells (C cells) secrete the hormone calcitonin to control the blood calcium
    My thyroid needs iodine to produce the hormones.
    My T4 and T3 hormones stimulate every tissue in the body to produce proteins and body energy.
    My thyroid hormones increases growth and metabolism and are stored bound to a protein called thyroglobulin in the colloid of my follicles.
    My calcitonin hormone works together with the parathyroid hormone to regulate calcium in the body.
    My thyroid hormones regulate how the body breaks down the food we eat.
    The levels of hormones secreted by my thyroid are controlled by the pituitary gland's thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) which in turn is controlled by the hypothalamus.
    My T3 also stimulates growth and development of the brain and bones.
    Since my thyroid cells produce my thyroid hormone which is also a growth hormone, there is very little our cells lost during the life span of my thyroid gland.
    Apoptosis of my thyroid cells as usual helps to regenerate cells that are lost.
    Even then our cells volume becomes lesser every year.
    Necrosis of my thyroid gland can cause the death of my thyroid gland.

    TABLE OF CONTENT
    Introduction
    Chapter 1 Thyroid Gland
    Chapter 2 Functions
    Chapter 3 Formation and Death
    Chapter 4 Diseases
    Chapter 5 Hypothyroidism
    Chapt

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherKenneth Kee
    Release dateDec 24, 2018
    ISBN9780463637166
    Thyroid Gland, Function, Diseases, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Author

    Kenneth Kee

    Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

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      Book preview

      Thyroid Gland, Function, Diseases, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee

      Thyroid Gland, Function,

      Diseases,

      A

      Simple

      Guide

      To

      The Condition,

      Diagnosis,

      Treatment

      And

      Related Conditions

      By

      Dr Kenneth Kee

      M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

      Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

      Copyright Kenneth Kee 2018 Smashwords Edition

      Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

      Dedication

      This book is dedicated

      To my wife Dorothy

      And my children

      Carolyn, Grace

      And Kelvin

      This book describes Thyroid Gland, Function, Diseases, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

      (What You Need to Treat Thyroid Gland, Function, Diseases)

      This eBook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

      If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

      Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

      Introduction

      I have been writing medical articles for my blog: http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

      My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

      Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

      I then wrote an autobiolographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog: http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

      This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

      From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.

      Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

      For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

      The later books go into more details of medical disorders.

      The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

      Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

      As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

      Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

      I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

      I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

      I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

      Chapter 1

      Thyroid Gland

      The thyroid gland is a very vital endocrine gland:

      The thyroid gland is sited in the front of the neck below the larynx (voice box).

      The two-inch gland comprises two lobes, one on each side of the windpipe joined by tissue called the isthmus.

      It has a primary function in the metabolism, growth and development of the human body.

      It helps to regulate many body functions by constantly secreting a steady amount of thyroid hormones into the bloodstream.

      If the body needs more energy in certain circumstances for instance, if it is growing or cold, or during pregnancy, the thyroid gland produces more hormones.

      This gland (termed: glandula thyreoidea) is sited at the front of the neck, under the voice box.

      The thyroid gland looks like a butterfly with 2 lobes and an isthmus attached to the trachea region.

      The two side lobes remain against and around the windpipe (trachea), and are connected at the front by a narrow strip of tissue.

      The gland is found on the anterior side of the neck, lying in front and around the larynx and trachea, expanding posterior to the esophagus and carotid sheath.

      The isthmus (the bridge between the two lobes of the thyroid) is sited below the cricoid cartilage.

      It starts cranially at the oblique line on the thyroid cartilage (just below the laryngeal prominence, or 'Adam's Apple'), and extends inferiorly to about the fifth or sixth tracheal ring.

      It is hard to distinguish the gland's upper and lower border with vertebral levels because it moves position to these borders during swallowing.

      The thyroid gland is one of the biggest endocrine glands weighing 2-3grams in neonates and 18-60grams in adults, and is enlarged in pregnancy.

      The thyroid gland is enclosed by a thin fibrous sheath, the capsula glandulae thyroidea, made of an internal and external layer.

      The external layer is anteriorly constant with the lamina pretrachealis fasciae cervicalis and posteriorolaterally constant with the carotid sheath.

      The gland is wrapped anteriorly with infrahyoid muscles and laterally with sternomastoid muscle.

      On the posterior side the gland is attached to the cricoid and tracheal cartilage and cricopharyngeus muscle by a thickened fascia to form the posterior suspensory ligament of Berry.

      The thyroid gland's firm connection to the underlying trachea is the reason behind its movement

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