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    Easy Hindi: A Complete Language Course and Pocket Dictionary in One (Companion Online Audio, Dictionary and Manga included)
    Easy Hindi: A Complete Language Course and Pocket Dictionary in One (Companion Online Audio, Dictionary and Manga included)
    Easy Hindi: A Complete Language Course and Pocket Dictionary in One (Companion Online Audio, Dictionary and Manga included)
    Ebook352 pages3 hours

    Easy Hindi: A Complete Language Course and Pocket Dictionary in One (Companion Online Audio, Dictionary and Manga included)

    By Brajesh Samarth

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    About this ebook

    Concise and user-friendly, Easy Hindi: A Complete Language Course and Pocket Dictionary in One is perfect for anyone who wants to learn Hindi--whether on their own or with a teacher.

    This language learning book is the perfect introduction to the Hindi language for beginners. It enables users to begin efficiently communicating from the very first day, and its compact size makes it an excellent tool for travelers or business people looking to learn Hindi on the road without giving up on any content.

    This Hindi learning book includes:
    • Useful notes on the Devanagari script, pronunciation, sentence structure, vocabulary and grammar
    • Sections covering greetings, requests, idiomatic expressions and everyday situations
    • Cultural information about Indian etiquette as well as do's and don'ts
    • A Hindi dictionary of the most commonly-used words and phrases
    • The free online audio provides pronunciation with many hours of native-speaker recordings of the dialogues, vocabulary, and exercises.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherTuttle Publishing
    Release dateOct 15, 2019
    ISBN9781462919994
    Easy Hindi: A Complete Language Course and Pocket Dictionary in One (Companion Online Audio, Dictionary and Manga included)

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      Book preview

      Easy Hindi - Brajesh Samarth

      CHAPTER 1

      An Introduction to the Hindi Language and Writing System

      Hindi has several different names: Khari boli, Hindi-Urdu, or Nagari Hindi. These are related to the language’s history and its relationship to its sister language Urdu. At the level of grammar and colloquial speech the languages are mostly the same, but Urdu has more vocabulary from Persian and Arabic, and is written in an Arabic-derived script. The term Hindi-Urdu underscores this relationship, while Nagari Hindi emphasizes that Hindi is written in the Indic (Deva)nagari script originally developed to write Sanskrit. Khari boli or upright speech is the name of the dialect spoken traditionally in and around Delhi forming the basis for the standard forms of both Hindi and Urdu. The word Hindi itself is originally a Persian word that simply meant Indian (language). Whatever name we use, it is by far the most commonly used and understood language in modern India.

      Apart from being one of the official languages of the Indian Republic as a whole—the other being English—it is an official language in the Indian states of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Delhi and Haryana.

      THE HINDI WRITING SYSTEM

      The Hindi script is called Devanagari. It is written from left to right, and has a horizontal line running above each letter to join the syllables forming a word. The Devanagari script is also used to write other languages like Bhojpuri, Nepali, Marathi, Sanskrit, Marwari and Maithili. It is not difficult to learn to read and write Hindi. The script is phonetic, which means you read it as it is written. There are no silent letters, and there is a direct correspondence between the written symbols and their pronunciation.

      THE HINDI ALPHABET (01-01)

      Hindi Consonants

      The letter र ra is written in a special way when it is added to other consonants. For example, to write kra we put a diagonal stroke on the left of क to form क्र. Thus, pra is written प्र, bra is written ब्र, and mra is written म्र.

      Consonants Used only in Loanwords:

      Hindi Vowels

      Explanations of the Terms Used:

      Aspirated: A puff of air is expelled when pronouncing the sound

      Voiced: The throat resonates when the sound is produced

      Nasal: Sounds produced using the nose

      THE HINDI CONSONANTS (01-02)

      There are 28 consonants, but some have a second version with a dot that represents a related but slightly different sound. It’s best to listen to the audio recordings carefully and practice pronouncing each letter as accurately as possible. When the consonants are read on their own, an "a sound follows each consonant. Hence the letter k is pronounced ka." If there’s a dot below the letter, as in ख़ kha, the sound should be pronounced deeper in the throat, like a ch sound (which is also how Urdu speakers would pronounce it), but most Hindi speakers would say this letter as ख kha. Below is a list of the full forms of the consonants. In the transliterations, when a letter is capitalized, that indicates it is retroflex, meaning it is pronounced with the tongue curled back against the roof of the mouth.

      Velar Consonants

      These consonants are all pronounced at the very back of the mouth, in the throat. English equivalents are the letters k and g, but Hindi has many more.

      Palatal Consonants

      These consonants are all pronounced at the top of the mouth—the palate is the roof of the mouth.

      Retroflex Consonants

      These consonants are all pronounced with the tongue curled back against the roof of the mouth.

      Semi-Vowels

      These are consonants that sound similar to vowels, e.g., year and why in English where the sounds made by y and w are similar to ee and oo.

      Dental Consonants

      These consonants are pronounced with the tongue striking the upper teeth. Its English equivalents are t and d.

      Labial Consonants

      These sounds are made using both lips.

      Sibilant Consonants

      These consonants are produced with a hissing sound.

      Glottal Consonant

      Conjunct Consonants

      Flapped Gutturals

      These are similar to a rolled r, produced by flapping the tongue.

      HALF AND FULL CONSONANTS

      In Hindi, there are both half and full consonants. To mute the a sound in the full consonant, a special mark or क् viraama (विराम) is added below the consonant, so कम kam becomes क्म km. This mark is rarely shown in writing though, usually replaced with the half consonant, which resembles the left half of the consonant. Here’s what the consonants become when paired with म (ma) and muting the a sound.

      ब ba → ब्म bm

      भ bha → भ्म bhm

      च cha → च्म chm

      छ chha → छ्म chhm

      द da → द्म dm

      ध dha → ध्म dhm

      ड Da → ड्म Dm

      ढ Dha → ढ्म Dhm

      ग ga → ग्म gm

      घ gha → घ्म ghm

      ह ha → ह्म hm

      ज ja → ज्म jm

      झ jha → झ्म jhm

      क ka → क्म km

      ख kha → ख्म khm

      ल la → ल्म lm

      म ma → म्म mm

      न na → न्म nm

      ण Na → ण्म Nm

      ङ nga → ङ्म ngm (only occurs before ka/kha/ga/gha and is almost always contracted to a dot, e.g., ग़ङ्म)

      ञ nya → ञ्म nym (only occurs before cha/chha/ja/jha and is almost always contracted to a dot)

      प pa → प्म pm

      फ pha → फ्म phm

      र ra → र्म rm

      स sa → स्म sm

      श sha → श्म shm

      ष sha → ष्म shm

      त ta → त्म tm

      थ tha → थ्म thm

      ट Ta → ट्म Tm

      ठ Tha → ठ्म Thm

      व va → व्म vm

      य ya → य्म ym

      THE HINDI VOWELS (01-03)

      There are eleven vowels, including three long vowels.

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