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    Our World: Word by Word Graded Readers for Children, #11
    Our World: Word by Word Graded Readers for Children, #11
    Our World: Word by Word Graded Readers for Children, #11
    Ebook188 pages1 hour

    Our World: Word by Word Graded Readers for Children, #11

    By Philip Gibson

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    About this ebook

    In this, the 11th book in the Word by Word series, the young readers will use their new skills to discover fascinating scientific and historical facts about our world.  These range from how things started - from gas and dust to stars and planets, how conditions on Earth have changed, through the first life to the development of all the different kinds of life we see on Earth in modern times.

    All this using the strictly controlled structure and vocabulary mastered in the previous 10 Word by Word easy readers.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherPhilip Gibson
    Release dateDec 21, 2020
    ISBN9781540172747
    Our World: Word by Word Graded Readers for Children, #11

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      Book preview

      Our World - Philip Gibson

      Contents

      1. Our world

      2. How things started

      3. From gas and dust to stars and planets

      4. The young planet Earth

      5. The changing Earth

      6. Where did life start?

      7. The first life

      8. Early bacteria

      9. Life in the seas

      10. The first life on land

      11. Creatures of both land and water

      12. Reptiles

      13. The first mammals

      14. More and more mammals

      15. The first birds

      16. Charles Darwin

      17. More and more changes

      18. Stronger and more beautiful

      1.  Our world

      New Words: 

      find / found (out) 

      been

      planet

      scientist

      Earth

      billion

      **********

      What do you know about our world?  Do you know a lot, or do you only know a little?  You know a lot about where you live, don’t you?  You know a lot about your house and the places near your house.  You have found out a lot about those places.

      ––––––––

      But what about the bigger world in which you live?  What about your planet?  What do you know about planet Earth? 

      The Planet Earth

      ––––––––

      Do you know how old the Earth is?  Do you know how long animals and plants have been on Earth?  Do you know where the Earth came from?

      ––––––––

      Nobody really knows where our planet came from.  That is a very difficult question to answer.  Scientists have studied this question for a long time.  They have been trying to find the answer, but they have not really found it yet.  Even scientists who have studied this question all their lives are not really sure where the Earth and the other planets came from.

      ––––––––

      However, scientists have found out a lot of other things about the Earth.  One of the most interesting things they have found out is how old the Earth is.  They have found out that our planet is very old.  It is very, very old!  The Earth has been here for a long, long time.  It is about four billion years old!

      ––––––––

      Do you know how much a billion is?  A billion is a really large number.  It is much, much bigger than a million.  A billion is 1,000 million.  That makes our planet very, very old!  It makes the Earth about 4,000 million years old!

      ––––––––

      Four billion years ago, there were no people on the Earth.  There were no animals, no fish, no birds and no insects.  There were not even any plants!  There was just the young planet Earth with no life on it.

      ––––––––

      However, the planet has changed a lot in those 4 billion years.  Our planet has changed into the Earth we know today.  Our planet has changed into a place where there are millions of different kinds of life.  Now, everywhere we look on planet Earth, we can find life.

      ––––––––

      Scientists think that the first life on Earth started about 3 billion years ago.  That was when the Earth was already one billion years old.  The scientists who study this question think that all life may have started many thousands of meters under the sea.  They think that the first kinds of animal and plant life were very, very small.  We would not be able to see those plants and animals just using our eyes.

      ––––––––

      Larger sea animals, like the fish we see in the world’s seas today, have been on Earth for about 600 million years.  Animals and birds, like the ones we see today, have only been on Earth for about 150 million years.

      ––––––––

      People came long after that.  Really, people have not lived on Earth for very long at all!  People came long after all the other animals, birds, fish and insects.  People like us have only been on the Earth for a few hundred thousand years.

      **********

      Lee and his mother are talking about where Lee has been today

      Lee

      Hello, Mom.

      ––––––––

      Mom

      Hello, Lee.  Where have you been?  I have been looking for you.

      ––––––––

      Lee

      I have been at Tom’s house.  I have been with Tom.

      ––––––––

      Mom

      And what have you been doing?

      ––––––––

      Lee

      We’ve been looking for insects.

      ––––––––

      Mom

      Looking for insects?  Did you find any?

      ––––––––

      Lee

      Oh, yes.  We found lots.  Did you know, Mom?  Insects have been on the Earth much longer than people.

      ––––––––

      Mom

      Really?

      ––––––––

      Lee

      Yes.  Insects were here millions of years before people.  Maybe billions of years!

      ––––––––

      Mom

      And where did you find that out?

      ––––––––

      Lee

      At school.  We found out lots of interesting things today.

      ––––––––

      Mom

      So what else did you find out?

      ––––––––

      Lee

      We found out that people have only been on the Earth for about six million years.  There were people six million years ago, but they were not like us. People like us have only been here for a few hundred thousand years.

      ––––––––

      Mom

      Why do you say only?  A hundred thousand years is a long time.

      ––––––––

      Lee

      Yes, but the Earth is much older than that.....much, much older.

      ––––––––

      Mom

      So how old is the Earth?  Did your teacher tell you that?

      ––––––––

      Lee

      Yes, she did.  She said the Earth is about four billion years old.

      ––––––––

      Mom

      That is a long time. Do you know how much a billion is?

      ––––––––

      Lee

      Yes.  A billion is a thousand million.  So the Earth is about 4,000 million years old.

      ––––––––

      Mom

      That really is old, isn’t it?  What else did you learn?

      ––––––––

      Lee

      We learned that many scientists think that all life on Earth started in the sea.

      ––––––––

      Mom

      Really? How do they know that?

      ––––––––

      Lee

      I don’t know, but that’s what they think.

      ––––––––

      Mom

      I see.

      ––––––––

      Lee

      And they think that all life on Earth

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