Vitamin B1

Common Name Thiamin

Active Form Thiamin pyrophosphate or diphosphate

Cofactor 1. Pyruvate dehydrogenase 2. a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase 3. Transketolase Oxigenases and deydrogenases

Deficiency -beri-beri Wernickes encephalopathy -peripheral neuropathy Angular stomatitis -CHEILOSIS -Cataracts -Glossitis Pellagra (Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia) -Hartnup Burning foot syndrome Hypochromic, microcytic anemia -secondary pellagra -convulsions and depression Dermatitis

B2

Riboflavin

B3

Niacin

Flavin Mononucleotide and Flavin adenine dinucleotide Nicotinic Acid

-for light adaptation

Dehydrogenases in redox reaction

60mg tryptophan per 1mg niacin -quinolinate to convert tryp to NAD

B5

B6

Pantothenic Coenzyme A & Acid Acyl carrier protein Pyridoxine Pyridoxal Phosphate

Transfer of acyl groups -serine deydratase -ALA synthase -glycogen phosphorylase

Biotin

-pyruvate carboxylase -acetyl CoA carboxylase -propionyl CoA carboxylase Commercial: cyanocobalamin Active: deoxyadenosyl cobalamin Methylcobalamin Tetraydrofolate -purine biosynthesis

Activated carrier of CO2

B12

Cobalamin

Megaloblastic anemia

Folic Acid

Megaloblastic anemia

supplementation to prevent spina bifida

C A

Ascorbic Acid

Ascorbic Acid Retinol

Ydroxylation reactions

Scurvy Nightblindness -dark adaptation

Retinal Retinoic Acid D Calcitriol Rickets (child) osteomalacia (adult)

Keratinization of eye, skin, lungs, GIT, GUT Most toxic vitamin

E K

aTocopherol Carboxylation of jaundice glutamate residues of blood clotting factors Blood coagulation, musclecontractility, neuromuscular irritability Universal constituent of living cells Neuromuscular transmission Microcytic hypochromic anemia Thyroid hormones Goiter, mental retardation DNA/RNA Poor wound Polymerase healing Cyt c oxidase Fragility of large Dopamine B-hydroxylase arteries Superoxide dismutase Lysyl oxidase Glucose tolerance factor Glut peroxidase Pyruvate carboxylase Canthine oxidase and sulfite oxidase Bones and teeth

CALCIUM

PHOSPORUS

MAGNESIUM IRON

IODINE ZINC COPPER

CHROMIUM SELENIUM MANGANESE MOLYBDENUM FLUORIDE