St.

Louise de Marillac School of Tabaco

Tabaco City

S.Y. 2011-2012

CHILI AND ORANGE PEEL EXTRACTS AS EFFECTIVE ORGANIC

INSECTICIDE

Undergraduate investigatory project presented to the SCHOOL

ADMINISTRATORS AND FACULTY MEMBERS of St. Louise de Marillac School of
Tabaco City
Formerly: Catholic Central School

Researchers:
Jose Paolo Bodino
May Elaine Belgado
Lorenz Angelo Moya
Riza Butial
Amber Velasco
Val Julius Bellen
Joanalyn Arevalo

ABSTRACT
This study aimed to know the effectiveness of Chilies and Orange Peel Extracts
as an Insecticide.
Basically, this studys purpose is to answer the following questions: 1.) What are
the contents of Chilies and Orange Peel? 2.) How effective are Chilies and Orange Peel
extracts as an organic insecticide?
This study used the descriptive-comparative method. Described were the
contents of Chilies and Orange Peel extracts and how effect these solutions are. This
study focused on the exact time the pests did after they are sprayed by the organic
insecticide.
Based on the findings and conclusions, the researchers recommend the
following: 1.) Use gloves in spraying the said organic insecticide solution to avoid
contact to the eyes. 2.) Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and warm water after
preparing and using the solution. 3.) Spray an adequate amount depending on how
contaminated the plant is.

INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, one of our greatest problems especially the farmers are the pests
specifically the insects. They cause us many troubles. Aside from they eat the plants
from which we get our food for our survival they also make farmers work more difficult.
Do you know what effect this kind of phenomenon will bring us?
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We all know that rice is our staple food and the most important. It connotes
survival, and the absence, of it would mean starvation. Of the insects will destroy it
continuously, time may come that we will experience the scarcity of rice. On the other
hand, these pests also affect the fruits and vegetables from which we get the nutrients
that are needed by out body and from which many people get their income. As
concerned students and citizens, we investigated and researched a solution to this
problem - the insecticide from Chili and Orange Peels Oil.
It is just very simple to make. We can do it in lesser time, lesser expenses, and
lesser work but with great assurance that it is effective though we cannot say that this is
totally safe and has no harmful effects. However, with proper use and carefulness, this
will be a big help for us all. This study aimed to know and prone that Chili and Orange
Peels Oil Insecticide has the potential to replace the insecticide we now have. This
study also wants to find out if the said herbal solution will really be as effective as the
proven insecticides usually used by the famous. This study is advantageous because it
is eco-friendly. It cannot harm us as long as we use it properly because it was made up
from plants.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to know how effective chili and orange oil is, as an organic
insecticide, this study sought to answer the following question such as:
1) What are the contents of Chilies and Orange Peel?
2) How effective Chilies and Orange Peel extract, as an organic
insecticide?

Rationale
The main reasons of this project are:
1.) To help our school to maintain the beauty of the plants inside of the
Peace Garden and of the campus
2.) To protect the students from harmful insect like the so-called Itchy
Worms or Higad during summer
3.) For the students to be aware that there are many alternative
insecticides to help maintain the beauty of the plants they see
4.) To show locally or internationally that using organic insecticides are
natural and has no harmful chemicals that would affect the bearing of
fruits of a plant.

Objectives
As we come up in making chilies and orange oil extracts as an insecticide. Our
main objective in this study are:
1.) To create an insecticide product from chilies and orange peel extracts.
2.) To control the increasing amount of pested plants.
3.) To lessen the use of insecticide with harmful chemicals that may harm
plants and environment.
4.) To help school and farmer in maintaining their farms and haciendas
5.) To improve quality products from through this objective, our study will
served as a light to help improve our agricultural sources and to
increase economy of our country.

Importance of the Study

This study intended to generate a higher income for chili and orange farmer once
this is recognized and minimize the increasing number of affected plants by insects.
Moreover, the result of this study could give information to the readers on the
effectiveness of chili and orange oil extracts which can be easily used by the masses.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The study focused mainly on the effectiveness of Orange Peel Extracts together
with the extracts of Chili. The researchers tried to determine which of these two
proponents is more effective in killing pests specifically small insects that destroys
plants.
The researchers conducted their study in Happy Homes, Tagas, Tabaco City,
Albay where in they prepare the Chili and Orange Oil extracts for making an organic
insecticide. The researchers have been brainstorming about the flow of the investigatory
project. Through experimentation, the group has been analyzing the data on how Chili
and Orange Peel extracts make a good mixture as an effect organic insecticide.

Assumptions
Chilies are a lot more familiar in their red colors, these fruit-like veggies are very
common in South America like Mexico, Brazil and many more.
Because of the spicy flavor of the chilies, we come to think of it that this will be a
good insecticide for plants. We assume that his will be effective yet globally competitive
to other insecticide products.
There are also other studies that show chilies are good insecticide. But as we go
broader about this, we come up with another ingredient that would strengthen the
insecticide products. This is the orange oil which is extracted from orange peel. We
assume that the orange peel contains liquid content with fresh scenty smell that would
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instantly prevent insects and other pests that kills our plants. We are looking forward
that it will help of people specifically person who cannot afford buying expensive
insecticides. Together with the farmers to earn a lot money.

Researchers
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.)
5.)
6.)
7.)

Jose Paolo Bodino

May Elaine Belgado
Lorenz Angelo Moya
Riza Butial
Amber Velasco
Val Julius Bellen
Joanalyn Arevalo

Adviser
Mrs. Daisy Deprisa

CHAPTER II
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design. Also presented in this chapter are the
research about Chilies and Orange Peel contents, Reading of related Literature,
Gathering of Samples, Tabulations and interpretations.

Related Literature
Chili
Chilies or chili peppers are dried berry fruits a (0.7 3.0 cm long, 0.3 1.0 cm
wide) of a small variety of the pepper of the genus Capsicum (Nightshade Family,
Solanaceae). They consist of conically pointed pods ranging from orange-yellow to
yellowish-red in color. Chilies are a hotter spice than large sweet peppers.
The term spice is used to refer to plant parts which serve to improve the odor and
flavor of foods. They contain essential oils and other ingredients which have s strong
seasoning action
Spices are processed, cleaned, graded and carefully package for overseas
dispatch in the countries where they are cultivated. They are dried to preserve them for
transport and storage. In consumer countries, they are delivered to spice mills, where
they are cleaned and graded again, ready for sale in unground or ground form.
Cayenne pepper consist of ground chilies (chili powder)

Spices are classified by the plant parts used:

a.)
b.)
c.)
d.)
e.)

Fruit and seed spices (e.g. pepper, caradamom, chilies)

Bud and flowers spices (e.g. cloves)
Bark Spices (e.g. cinnamon)
Root Spices (ginger, turmeric)
Leaf Spices (Bay Leaf)

The chili plant, often known as the hot pepper, is native to the tropical regions of
America and Africa.
Oil content: 1.0 3.2% [1] essential oils, in particular capsaicin.
ORANGE PEEL
Latin Name: Citrus reticulata

Alternate Names: Mandarin Orange, Tangerine, Chen Pi (Chiniese - Mandarin Orange

Peel), Qing Pi Or Zhi Shi (Chinese - Unripe Orange Peel)

Family: RUTACEAE

Parts Used: Peel from unsprayed oranges.

Properties: Antibacterial, Antifungal, Aromatic, Bitter Tonic, Carminative, Cholagogue,

Diuretic, Digestive Tonic, Expectorant, Sedative, Stomach Tonic, Tonic.

Internal Uses: Abscess, Belching, Bloating, Breast Cancer, Catarrh, Chest Congestion,
Digestive Weakness, Flatulence, Gallbladder Congestion, Indigestion, Liver Stagnation,
Tumors

Internal Applications: Tea, Tincture, Capsules.

All species help move chi stagnation. Although all species share certain
properties, there are some differences; Mandarin Orange Peel is an anti-inflammatory,
cholagogue, carminative, diuretic and tonic, and the green or unripe orange peel is a
cholagogue and carminative. The bitter Orange Peel moves chi stagnation and is a
carminative, stimulant, stomachic, expectorant and tonic. Additionally, different
species/parts have different uses. Mandarin Orange Peel - catarrh, chest congestion,
gas, indigestion; Green or Unripe Citrus Peel -- abscess, bloating, breast cancer, gall
bladder congestion, liver stagnation; Bitter Orange Peel - flatulence, indigestion,
stagnation

in

the

digestive

tract,

tumors.

Using the peels as a digestive aid stimulates the production of hydrochloric acid. The
high content of bioflavonoids helps to strengthen the capillaries and tissues in the body.
Orange flower water is used as a sedative.

Topical Uses: Allergies, Broken Capillaries, Skin Dryness

Topical Applications: Orange flower water is used for dry skin, broken capillaries and
to stimulate new cell growth. Once used as a snuff for allergies. Perfumes.

Culinary uses: Orange Peel is grated and added to candies, breads, cookies and
cakes. It gives zest to vegetable dishes and improves the digestion of food. Orange
Peel is used to improve the flavor of other medicines. Orange Peel is used in making
marmalade and liqueurs such as Curao. Fruit is eaten plain or juiced. Orange flower
water is used to flavor desserts.

Energetics: Pungent, Bitter, Warm, Sour, Cool, Dry.

Chemical Constituents: Essential oil (limonene, pinene, linalol, humulene), flavonoids,

aldehydes, coumarins, bitters, vitamin C.

Contraindications: Use Bitter Orange with caution during pregnancy as large doses
may stimulate contractions.

d-Limonene
d-Limonene is a natural solvent extracted from citrus fruit rinds. It is safe and
reliable and is a popular ingredient used in many industrial and household products.
How does it work? When citrus fruits are juiced, the oil is pressed out of the rind.
This oil is then separated from the juice and distilled to recover flavor and fragrance
compounds. The bulk of the oil is left behind and collected. This is food grade dLimonene.
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After the juicing process, the peels are conveyed to a steam extractor. This
extracts more of the oil from the peel. When the steam is condensed, a layer of oil floats
to the surface in the condensed water tank. This is known as technical grade dLimonene.

The uses of d-limonene have grown and it is now used in the manufacturing
process of many industrial and household cleaning products. One of benefits of

d-

Limonene is that it may replace other solvents such as mineral spirits, acetone, toluene
and flourinated and chlorinated organic solvents. As with most organic solvents, dLimonene alone is not water soluble. With a KB value of 67, the solubility properties are
close to that of CFC's, indicating that it is a much better solvent than mineral spirts. dLimonene is a multi-purpose and versatile chemical that is extremely safe and more
effective in many of the typical cleaning solutions.
Our "Solvit" product is manufactured with d-Limonene and is used in the toughest
conditions to remove tar and asphalt from equipment, tools and trucks.

Salt
Salts are ionic
an acid and

a base.

compounds that
They

are

result

composed

from

the neutralization reaction

of

of cations (positively charged ions)

and anions (negative ions) so that the product is electrically neutral(without a net

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charge). These component ions can be inorganic such as chloride (Cl), as well
as organic such as acetate (CH3COO) and monatomic ions such as fluoride (F), as
well as polyatomic ions such as sulfate (SO42).
There

are

several

varieties

of

salts.

Salts

that

hydrolyze

to

produce hydroxide ions when dissolved in water are basic salts and salts that hydrolyze
to produce hydronium ions in water are acid salts. Neutral salts are those that are
neither acid nor basic salts. Zwitterions contain an anionic center and a cationic center
in the same molecule but are not considered to be salts. Examples include amino acids,
many metabolites, peptides, and proteins.
Molten salts and solutions containing dissolved salts (e.g., sodium chloride in
water) are called electrolytes, as they are able to conduct electricity. As observed in
the cytoplasm of cells, in blood, urine, plant saps and mineral waters, mixtures of many
different ions in solution usually do not form defined salts after evaporation of the water.
Therefore, their salt content is given for the respective ions.

Statistical Treatment
Formula:

x = fxm
N

x = Mean

f = Frequency

= Summation

xm = class mark

N = Total
Percentage:

Average Mean

100

Total Frequency
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Gathering of Samples
The pests were obtained from the gardens and forests in our local area, keeping
them in four leads. The chilies and the oranges were bought from the market, slowly
been sliced into strips then boiled for 30 minutes each proponent. After which, the
extracts were placed into two different containers.
Materials
The materials used in this study are as follows: 1.) Chilies, 2.) Black Pepper, 3.)
Salt, 4.) Orange Peel, 5.) Water, 6.) Measuring, 7.) Pests, 8.) Plants, 9.) Sprayer.

Testing of the Chili and Orange Peel Extracts

Gather ten pests in each of the four plants. Observe for three days. After which,
then spray the plants with Chili extracts first (with no Orange Peel Extracts) then
observe for 1 5 minutes. Next, spray the plants with Chili and Orange Peel extracts
then observe for 1 5 minutes.
A.1 Table 1
Ingredients
Oranges
Chilies
Salt
Pepper
Water

Pieces
2
3
2 spoon per extract
1 spoon (chili extract only)
2 cups each extracts

Contents
d-Limonene
Thiamine
Acetate

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Procedure
In making the chili and orange peel extracts. We first juiced the oranges then
removed its pulp. After which, we diced up the orange peel and boiled it in 2 cups of
water for 30 minutes. Next, we diced up the chilies and grind them up into mortar and
pestle then boiled it into 2 cups of water for 30 minutes. While boiling, we add the 2
spoons of salt and 1 spoon of pepper. Then, continue mixing for 30 minutes. Remove
from heat and put it into 2 different containers.
A.2 Table 1
With orange peel

MEAN

Interpretation

Without orange

MEAN

Interpretation

peel extracts
Plant A (Pechay)
Plant B (Squash)
Plant C (Camote

4.85
3.55
3.35

V.E.
E
C

Leaves)
Plant D (Papaya)
TOTAL
AVERAGE

4.8
16.55
4.14

extracts
Plant A (Pechay)
Plant B (Squash)
Plant C (Camote

5.5
4.5
4.8

V.E.
E
E

Leaves)
Plant D (Papaya)
TOTAL
AVERAGE MEAN

4.75
19.55
4.89

E
V.E.

MEAN

LEGEND:
5
4
3
2
1

4.50 6.0
3.50 4.49
2.50 3.49
1.50 2.49
0.25 1.49

Very Effective
Effective
Convincing
Less Effective
Not Effective

V.E.
E
C
L.E.
N.E.

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As we reflect on the two tables, with or without orange peel extracts. Plant A
(Pechay) pests has the highest mean of 5.5 with an interpretation of V.E. compared to
Plant B (Squash) pests which has the lowest mean of 4.5 with an interpretation of E. So,
we therefore conclude that chili with orange peel extracts is more effective than that of
without orange peel extract.
A.2 Table 2
SUMMARY OF EFFECTIVENESS OF WITH AND WITHOUT
ORANGE PEEL EXTRACTS
EXTRACTS
AVERAGE MEAN
With Orange Peel Extracts
4.89
Without Orange Peel Extracts 4.14
GRAND MEAN
PERCENTAGE

INTERPRETATION
V.E.
E

9.03 or 9
90%

As we reflect on the table, we get the grand mean of 9.03 by adding the average
mean of two EXTRACTS. Then, we multiplied by 100. So, the percentage is 90%

CHAPTER III
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

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This study aimed to know the effectiveness of chili and orange extract as
an organic insecticide. Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:

Problem no.1
1.) What are the contents of chilies and orange peel extracts?
Findings:
1.) Spices are processed, cleaned, graded and carefully package for overseas
dispatch in the countries where they are cultivated.
2.) The term spice is used to refer to plant parts which serve to improve the odor
and flavor of foods.
3.) They contain essential oils and other ingredients which have s strong
seasoning action.
4.) Mandarin Orange Peel is an anti-inflammatory, cholagogue, carminative,
diuretic and tonic, and the green or unripe orange peel is a cholagogue and
carminative.
5.) The bitter Orange Peel moves chi stagnation and is a carminative, stimulant,
stomachic, expectorant and tonic.
6.) Mandarin Orange Peel - catarrh, chest congestion, gas, indigestion; Green or
Unripe Citrus Peel -- abscess, bloating, breast cancer, gall bladder
congestion, liver stagnation; Bitter Orange Peel - flatulence, indigestion,
stagnation in the digestive tract, tumors.
7.) . d-Limonene is a multi-purpose and versatile chemical that is extremely safe
and more effective in many of the typical cleaning solutions.

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CONCLUSION:
We therefore that concluded that chilies and orange peel extracts has the
potential of becoming effective organic insecticide.
RECOMMENDATION:
The researchers strongly recommend the masses to used gloves in
spraying the said organic insecticide solution to avoid contact to the eyes. Wash your
hand thoroughly with soap and warm water after preparing and using the solution.
Problem no.2:
2.) How effective chilies and orange peel is, as an organic insecticide?

Findings:
1.) Plant A (Pechay) pests has a mean of 5.5 with or without orange peel extracts
compared to other used plants samples.
2.) Plant B (Squash) pests has a mean of 4.5 with or without orange peel.
3.) Plant C (Camote Leaves) pests has a mean of 4.8 with or without orange peel
extracts.
4.) Plant D (Papaya) pests has a mean of 4.75 with or without orange peel
extracts.
5.) The with orange peel extracts has the average of 4.89 while without orange
peel extracts has the average of 4.14.
6.) The two tables of examples got the grand mean of 9.03 or 9 with the
percentage of 90%.

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CONCLUSION:
We therefore concluded that chili with orange peel extracts is an effective organic
insecticide.
RECOMMENDATION:
The researchers recommend to spray a adequate amount depending on how
contaminated the plant is.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://theherbalfarm.blogspot.com/2008/01/orange-peel.html
http://www.emulso.com/store.asp?pid=11250
http://www.naturalnews.com/chili_peppers.html

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