Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Probleme
36
f (t ) sin utdt
(1)
sau
g (u ) =
(C ) = [ R, R] ()
y ()
-R 0
2i R x
Observm c:
(2)
37
R
h( z )dz =
(2/)
R z
(3)
=
Dar rezh(2i) =
P (2i ) Q / (2i )
z sin uz 2z
=
z = 2i
sin 2ui 2
sin w =
e iw e iw 2i
e 2u e 2u sau 4i
rezh(2i ) =
e 2u e 2u 4i
(4)
(e 2 u e 2 u )
(5)
de unde:
g (u ) = 1 2u (e e 2 u ) 2 2
(6)
sau:
g (u ) =
sh 2u
(7)
f (t ) cos utdt = 1 + u
0
, u 0.
1 = g (u ) 1 + u 2 not
(1)
38
g (u ) cos utdu
0 2
(2) (3)
sau:
1 2 f (t ) = 2
1+ u
cos ut
2
du.
1+ u
cos ut
2
du s considerm funcia:
()
i
(C ) = [ R, R] ()
R x
-R
Observm c:
h( z )dz =
h(u)du + h( z )dz
(4)
h( z )dz =
1+ u
cos ut
2
du + lim h( z )dz
R
(4/)
Observm c funcia h(z) are polii simpli z1 = i, z2 = i ( z1 , z 2 ) ; aplicnd teorema reziduurilor gsim: h( z )dz = 2irezh(i) i folosind lema lui
C
Jordan,
lim h( z )dz = 0 lim zh( z ) = 0 lim h( z )dz = 0 R R Jordan z ( z ) z
39
(5)
cos tz 2z P (i )
=
z =i
cos ti e t + e t = , 2i 4i
Q / (i )
rezh(i ) =
cht 2i
(6)
(7) (8)
1 t , 0 < t 1 . f (t ) = t >1 0,
(1)
(1 t ) cos utdt
0
(2)
(3)
40 a
funciei: f (t ) = Soluie:
(1 + t
0
t sin ut dt. 2 2 )
f (t ) cos utdt
0
(1)
sau g (u ) =
Pentru funcia h( z ) =
calculul
integralei: I =
(1 + t
cos ut dt s 2 2 )
considerm
y ()
z1 = i
(C ) = [ R, R] ()
-R
D Observm c:
R
h( z )dz =
(2)
h( z )dz =
(1 + t
(2/)
41
dublu;
R
z
z2 = i D )
lim h( z )dz = 0 ,
(din
lema
lui
Jordan:
(3)
Observm c:
cos uz u sin uz ( z + i ) 2 2( z + i ) cos uz 2 rezh(i ) = lim ( z i ) = lim z i z i ( z i)2 ( z + i)2 ( z + i)4 ui sin ui + cos ui rezh(i ) = 4i
sau sin w =
rezh(i ) =
ushu + chu 4i
(4)
(chu ushu )
(5)
de unde:
g (u ) = 1 (chu ushu ) 2 2
(6)
(1 + t
0
(1 + t
0
t sin ut dt , 2 2 )
42
(1 + t
0
t sin ut dt = uchu 2 2 ) 4
(7)
5. Folosind teorema transformrii inverse Mellin-Fourier s se afle originalul urmtoarei imagini Laplace: F ( p) = Soluie: Aplicm formula lui Mellin-Fourier:
1 pt f (t ) = iF ( p)e dp 2i a
a + i
2p + 3 . ( p 1) 2 ( p 2 + 1)
(1)
S considerm: G ( p) =
B(a + iR)
i
0
1 -i
A(a iR )
G( p)dp =
( AB )
G ( p )dp + G ( p )dp
()
(2)
43
a i
G ( p)dp
(2/)
de unde (: 2i) :
f (t ) = rezG(i ) + rezG(1) + rezG(i )
(3)
Avem: rezG (i ) =
(2 p + 3)e pt 2e pt + (2 p + 3)te pt ( p 2t ) (2 p + 3)e pt 2 p 2 rezG (1) = lim ( p 1) = lim p 1 p 1 ( p 1) 2 ( p 2 + 1) ( p 2 + 1) 2 2(2et + 5tet ) 10et (6 + 10t )et = = 4 4
Deci: f (t ) =
(2i + 3)eit (2i + 3)e it (3 + 5t )et sau funcia original, + + 4 4 2 f (t ) = 3 (5t 3)et cos t sin t + 2 2
(4)
6. Folosind metoda operaional s se determine soluia ecuaiei difereniale cu condiiile iniiale specificate: a) b)
y 4 y = sin 2 x, y (0) = 2, y(0) =
y + y = cos 2 x, y (0) = 1, 1 4
1 y(0) = , y(0) = 1 3
(1)
unde
1 2 L( y) = p Y ( p ) (2 p ) 4 L( y ) = Y ( p ) 2 L(sin 2 x) = 2 p +1
(2)
44 (1/)
de unde:
Y ( p) =
8 p 3 p 2 + 32 p + 4 4( p 2 4)( p 2 + 4)
(3)
A(2) 2 x A(2) 2 x A(2i ) 2ix A(2i ) 2ix e + e + e + e B(2) B(2i ) B(2i ) B(2)
1 1 ch2 x sin 2 x 2 8
(4)
b)
L( y ) = Y ( p ) L( y ) = pY ( p ) 1 2 p 3 L( y ) = p Y ( p ) p 1 3 1 1 p 1 1 2 L(cos x) = L + cos 2 x = + 2 2 2 2 2 p +4
(5)
45 Avem
y ( x) = A( pk ) p k t e k =1 B( pk )
5
(6)
(7)
7. Folosind metoda operaional s se integreze sistemul de ecuaii difereniale cu condiiile iniiale specificate:
x = x + y + z x(0) = 0, y (0) = 1, z (0) = 1 y = x y + z , ( x = x(t ), y = y (t ), z = z (t )). z = x + y + z
(1)
sau
L( x) = X ( p ), L( y ) = Y ( p ), L( z ) = Z ( p ) L( x) = pX ( p ) x(0), L( y) = pY ( p ) y (0), L( z) = pZ ( p ) z (0) pX ( p ) = X ( p ) + Y ( p ) + Z ( p ) pY ( p) 1 = X ( p ) Y ( p ) + Z ( p ) pZ ( p ) 1 = X ( p ) + Y ( p ) + Z ( p )
(2)
sau
( p + 1) X ( p ) Y ( p ) Z ( p ) = 0 X ( p ) ( p + 1)Y ( p ) + Z ( p ) = 1 X ( p ) + Y ( p ) ( p 1) Z ( p ) = 1
(3)
46
(4)
de unde:
x(t ) = sh 2t y (t ) = ch2t z (t ) = e 2t ( x(t ) = L1 ( X ( p )), y (t ) = L1 (Y ( p )), z (t ) = L1 ( Z ( p ))
(5)
8. Folosind metoda operaional s se integreze sistemul de ecuaii difereniale cu condiiile iniiale specificate:
x + 4 x + 4 y = 0 y + 2 x + 6 y = 0 x(0) = 3, y (0) = 15 ( x = x(t ), y = y (t ))
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
9. Folosind metoda operaional s se determine soluia ecuaiei difereniale: y 7 y + 10 y = 3e x , x > 0, y (0) = 1, y / (0) = 3 . Soluie: Notm L( y ) = Y ( p) . Aplicnd transformata Laplace, obinem:
L( y ) = p 2Y ( p ) ( p 3), L( y ) = pY ( p ) 1, L(e x ) = 1 ; p 1 3 de unde p 1
(2)
8. Folosind metoda operaional s se determine funciile x(t) i y(t) care verific sistemul:
x + 2 x + x + y + y + y = 1 2 x + 2 x + y + 2 y = 2t
i condiiile iniiale: x(0) = 0, x / (0) = 2, y (0) = 1, y (0) = 2 . Soluie: Sistemul operaional corespunztor este:
1 2 2 ( p + 2 p + 1) X ( p) + ( p + p + 1)Y ( p ) = p + p + 1 (2 p + 2) X ( p ) + ( p 2 + 2 p )Y ( p ) = 2 + p p2
48