Lorelie M. Dejao MT0831 WHAT IS PARASITOLOGY?

PARASITOLOGY is the science that deals with organisms that take up their abode temporarily or permanently, on abode temporarily or permanently, on or within other living organism for the purpose of procuring food and shelter PARASITEis a weaker organism that depends on another organism for food and shelter PARASITISMassociationof two different specie another PARASITEMIApresence of parasites in the blood TYPES OF ASSOCIATION OF LIVING ORGANISM SYMBIOSIS - Two living organism of different specie are dependent on each other MUTUALISM - Both benefit from each other COMMENSALISM One benefit ; one not harmed or injured PARASITISM - - One benefit; one is living in the expense of others KINDS OF PARASITE 1. Endoparasite 2. Ectoparasite 3. Obligatory parasite 4. Facultative parasite 5. Periodic parasite 6. Transitory parasite 7. Incidental parasite 8. Erratic parasite 9. Facultative parasite 10. Pathogenic parasite 11. Non-pathogenic parasite 12. Spurious parasite 13. Intermittent parasite 14. Permanent parasite 15. Erratic parasite 16. Coprophilicparasite 17. Hematozoicparasite 18. Cytozoicparasite 19. Coelozoicparasite 20. Enterozoicparasite 21. Pseudoparasite According to habitat Endoparasite-a parasite living INSIDEthe body Ectoparasiteparasite living OUTSIDEthe body

According to needs for a host Obligatory parasite a parasite that NEEDS A HOST at some stages of its life cycle Facultative parasite a parasite that MAY SURVIVE IN A FREE-LIVING STATEor MAY BECOME PARASITIC WHEN THE NEED ARISE According to pathogenicity Pathogenic parasite a parasite that CAUSES INJURY to the host Non-pathogenic parasite a parasite that DOES NOT CAUSE INJURYto the host Spurious Parasite parasite of other animals which passes thru the human body (stomach) without causing injury or damage Intermittent Parasite parasite that visits and leaves the host at intervals. Also known as temporary parasite. Example: mosquito According to periodicity Permanent parasite a parasite that lives its whole life (hatching until death) in a single host but eggs or cyst are to be transferred to a new host before a second generation develops Periodic Parasite parasite in which larval stage develops in host different from that of an adult According to periodicity Incidental Parasite a parasite which occurs occasionally in an unusual host. Example: Ancylostomacaninum Erratic Parasiteit is the parasite that fixed in an organ or habitat which is not its usual habitat Example: Ascarislumbricoides According to their Coprophilicparasite it is a protozoan organism which is able to live and multiply in moist fecal matter outside the body. Hematozoicparasiteis a parasite living inside a red blood cell Example: Malaria CytozoicParasiteis a parasite living inside the cell or tissue. Example: Isosporahominis Coelozoicparasiteit is the parasite living in body cavities Example: Acanthocheilonemaperstans Mansonell ozzard Enterozoicparasiteit is the parasite living inside the lumen of the intestines Pseudoparasiteartifact mistaken as parasite Example: Blastocystishominis

INFECTION vs INFESTATION INFECTIONis the entry and development or multiplication of a pathogen INSIDEthe body of man or animals INFESTATION it is the lodgement, development and reproduction of arthropods ON THE SURFACE of the body or in the clothing of man or fur of animals What is a HOST? It is the living organism that harbors the parasite KINDS OF HOST 1. DEFINITIVE HOST 2. INTERMEDIATE HOST 1st Intermediate Host 2nd Intermediate Host 3. RESERVIOR HOST 4. PARATENIC HOST 5. DEAD-END HOST DEFINITIVE (PRIMARY HOST) - is the host in which SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT and multiplication of the parasite takes place Example: Mosquito Malaria INTERMEDIATE (SECONDARY HOST) - Is the host where ASEXUALstate of the parasite takes place 1st Intermediate Host EARLY LARVA stage of the parasite nd 2 Intermediate Host INFECTIVE LARVA to the definitive host RESERVIOR HOST - Is the host that harbors the same specie of parasite as may man - Example: PIG Balantidium coli PARATENIC HOST -is the host that harbors the parasite in ARRESTED STATE of development, however the parasite is able to continue the cycle in a subsequent suitable host DEAD-END HOST ( INCIDENTAL HOST) - host that does generally not allow transmissionto the definite host, thereby preventing the parasite from completing its development -Examples humans Echinococcus canine ,tapeworms. VECTORS -these are animate or inanimate object that carries the infective stage of the parasite 1. BIOLOGICAL VECTOR transmit the parasite only after the it has completed its development

inside the host 2. MECHANICAL / PHORETIC VECTOR just transport the parasite Stages of Life for a parasite OVUM is the female germ cell while still within the uterus EGG is the female germ cell outside the uterus EMBRYO it is the early developing stage of the parasite LARVA it is the early and usually is the feeding stage of the parasite after embryo TROPHOZOITE it is the active, vegetative stage of a protozoan. Also known as the pre-cyst stage. CYST it is the non-motile, non-feeding latent stage of certain protozoa. It is surrounded by a thick wall to prevent dehydration. Parasite transformation ENCYSTATION trophozoite to cyst Changes: 1. size: big small 2. motility: motile non-motile 3. food vacuole: present absent 4. wall covering: thin thick EXCYSTATION cyst to trophozoite MODE OF REPRODUCTION SEXUAL Oviparous parasite lays egg hatch OUSIDE the host body Oviviparousparasite lays egg hatch INSIDE the host body Viviparous bears living young, instead of laying eggs ASEXUAL Binary fission This separates the parent cell into two nearly equal daughter cells, each having a nuclear body Parthenogenicfemale parasite produce eggs without being fertilized by a male Epidemiology SPORADIC disease which occurs OCCASIONALLY in ONE OR FEW members of the community ENDEMIC a disease which occurs more or less CONSTANTLY in a PARTICULAR community EPIDEMIC a REGIONAL OUTBREAK of the disease usually affecting many individuals and spreading over a wide area

 PANDEMIC is WORLDWIDE EPIDEMIC of

the disease Other words related to parasitology SAPROPHYTES -organism that grows on and derives its nourishment from dead or decaying organic matter.