CE140 0P/B2 Odiame, Jeyvie C. CE/2 2009107014 Different Types of Manometers 1.

1. U-tube Manometer U-tube manometers, as their name suggests, are formed from a tube that is shaped like a U. This type of manometer is very common. They are very simple to operate and require no gears or levers or other items to adjust. The manometer consists of a U-shaped tube that is closed at one end and a liquid. The closed end of the tube has a vacuum, while the open end is attached to the item whose pressure is to be measured. This type of manometer is considered to be the primary standard by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Advantages 1. Simple in construction 2. Low cost hence easy to buy. 3. Very accurate and sensitive 4. It can be used to measure other process variables. Disadvantages 1. Fragile in construction. 2. Very sensitive to temperature changes. 3. Error can happen while measuring the height. 2. Well type Manometer A well-type manometer is similar to the U-tube manometer, but has a few important differences. At the closed end of the manometer is a large well that liquid rises and falls in according to the pressure. This setup is advantageous in that it does not require the observer to make a calculation by looking at both sides of the tube, as is necessary in a U-tube manometer. Advantages: 1. It does not require the observer to make a calculation by looking at both sides of the tube. 2. July 20, 2012 Engr. Carreon

2. It is manufactured with the high degree of accuracy. Disadvantages: 1. It places certain operational requirements not found with the U-type. 3. Inclined Manometer Many applications require accurate measurement of low pressure such as drafts and very low differentials, primarily in air and gas installations. In these applications the manometer is arranged with the indicating tube inclined, as in Figure 4, therefore providing an expanded scale. This arrangement can allow 12" of scale length to represent 1" of vertical liquid height. With scale subdivisions to .01 inches of liquid height, the equivalent pressure of .000360 PSI per division can be read using water as the indicating fluid. Advantages: 1. One need only compare the height of one liquid column, not the difference in height between two liquid columns. 2. The cross-sectional area of the liquid column in the well is so much greater than that within the transparent manometer tube that the change in height within the well is usually negligible. Disadvantages: 1. A small change in a fluid height causes larger displacement in the transparent tube when it is inclined to the angle and filled by oil. 2. High sensitivity 4. Dual tube Manometer A dual tube manometer is a manometer that is designed to read very high pressures. A high pressure causes the need for a longer indicating tube, which is very inconvenient to the person reading the manometer. A dual-tube manometer solves this problem by having two tubes to read the pressure, a standard well-type manometer and a well-type manometer with the well at the 100-inch reading on the indicating tube. Advantages: 1. High range pressure is more accurate with this instrument. Disadvantage: 1. Complicated operation 2. Inaccurate for the exact pressure value due to large scale calibration

References: http://iamechatronics.com/notes/general-engineering/312-manometers http://www.transcat.com/technical-reference/newsletters/Manometer_Merium.htm http://www.ehow.com/info_8121521_manometer-types.html http://www.articlesbase.com/science-articles/pressure-measurement-using-u-tubemanometer-3075600.html