INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER NETWORKS

CONTENTS
WHAT IS COMPUTER NETWORKS ??? TYPES OF CN NETWORK TOPOLOGY NETWORK COMPONENTS NETWORK MEDIA & DEVICES COMPUTER CLIENTS & SERVERS APPLICATIONS

WHAT IS COMPUTER NETWORKS??

COMPUTER NETWORK IS ONE OF THE FEATURE OF THE COMPUTER THAT CONNECTS TWO OR MORE AUTONOMOUS COMPUTERS

COMPUTERS CAN BE GEOGRAPHICALLY LOCATED ANYWHERE

TYPES
ON THE BASIS OF THERE LOCATIONS THEY ARE CLASSIFIED AS:

LAN:NETWORK IN SMALL GEOGRAPHICAL AREA IS KNOWN AS LAN(LOCAL AREA NETWORK) EXAMPLES:ROOM,BUILDING OR A COLLEGE CAMPUS MAN:NETWORK IN A CITY IS KNOWN AS MAN(METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK) WAN:NETWORK SPREAD GEOGRAHICALY (COUNTRY OR ACROSS THE GLOBE)S IS KNOWN AS WAN (WIDE AREA NETWORK)

NETWORK TOPOLOGY

NETWORK TOPOLOGY DEFINES THE WAY IN WHICH COMPUTERS,PRINTERS AND ALL OTHER DEVICES ARE CONNECTED NETWORK TOPOLOGY DESCRIBES THE LAYOUT OF THE WIRES AND DEVICES AS WELL AS PATHS USED BY DATA TRANSMISSIONS

BUS TOPOLOGY

IN BUS TOPOLOGY ALL THE DEVICES ARE CONNECTED BY ONE SINGLE CABLE

IT IS COMMONLY REFERRED TO AS A LINEAR BUS

STAR AND TREE TOPOLOGY

THE STAR TOPOLOGY IS THE MOST COMMONLY USED ARCHITECTURE IN LANs LARGE NETWORKS USE THE EXTENDED STAR TOPOLOGY KNOWN AS TREE TOPOLOGY

ITS SIGNIFICANCE IS,WHEN USE WITH THE FILTER FRAMES OR PACKETS IT REDUCES TRAFFIC BY SENDING THE PACKETS ONLY TO THE WIRES OF THE DESTINATION HOST

RING TOPOLOGY

A FRAME TRAVELS AROUND THE RING STOPPING AT EACH NODE IF A NODE WANTS TO TRANSMIT SOME DATA AS WELL AS THE DESTINATION ADRESS TO THE FRAME THE FRAME THEN CONTINUES AROUND THE RING UNTIL DESTINATION NODE IS REACHED,WHICH TAKES DATA OUT OF THE NODE

MESH TOPOLOGY

THE MESH TOPOLOGY CONNECTS ALL THE NODES(DEVICES) TO EACH OTHER FOR REDUNDANCY AND FAULT TOLERENCE

IT IS USED IN WANs TO INTERCONNECT LANs AND FOR MISSION CRITICAL NETWORKS LIKE THOSE USED BY BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
IMPLEMENTING MESH TOPOLOGY IS DIFFICULT AND EXPENSIVE TOO

NETWORKING COMPONENTS
COMPUTERS PHYSICAL MEDIA INTERCONNECTING DEVICES NETWORKING SOFTWARES APPLICATIONS

NETWORKING MEDIA

NETWORKING MEDIA CAN BE DEFINED SIMPLY AS THE MEANS BY WHICH SIGNALS(DATA) ARE SENT FROM ONE COMPUTER TO ANOTHER MODE OF TRANSIMISSION IS EITHER BY CABLE OR WIRELESS MEANS

NETWORKING DEVICES

HUB SWITCHES ROUTERS WIRELESS ACESS POINTS MODEM etc.

COMPUTER : CLIENTS & SERVERS

IN A CLIENT/SERVER ARRANGEMENT,NETWORK SERVICES ARE LOCATED IN A DEDICATED COMPUTER WHOSE ONLY FUNCTION IS TO RESPOND TO THE REQUESTS OF CLIENTS THE SERVER CONTAINS THE FILE,PRINT,APP.,SECURITY AND OTHER SERVICES IN A CENTRAL COMPUTER THAT IS CONTINIOUSLY AVAILABLE TO RESPOND TO CLIENT REQUESTS

NETWORKING PROTOCOL: TCP/IP

APPLICATION OF NETWORKS

RESOURCE SHARING

INFORMATION SHARING

HARDWARE (COMPUTING RESOURCES,DISKS,PRINTERS) SOFTWARE(APPLICATION SOFT.)

EASY ACCESSIBILITY FROM ANYWHERE(FILES,DATABASES) SEARCH COMPATIBILITY(WWW) Email MESSAGE BROADCAST VIDEO CONFERENCING INSTANT MESSENGERS CHAT GROUPS

COMMUNICATION

THANK YOU!!!

REPRESENTED BY

PALASH WARGHANE UMESH JADHAV