tha fj

3.1

mKf

3.2

yhg, el kW j to ga
ghit

3.3

rjj, yhg, el, nkgobryf,

jSgo kW t Mat gaghLf

3.4

TL to

3.5

TL toF j toF cs
ahr

3.6

uju it bjhif kW bjhl it

bjhif

3.7

fy khwf

3.8

fhy kW ntiy

3.1 mKf
kjf midtU thehf KGtJ bt-bt
vw cathd yif mila Uwd. jfhf jf
neuij bra t xJ mf gz kW brt
Matiw nrwd.
ffhy Kj jfhy tiu, gl khUJ gz g
khw tiu, yfSF mtUJ ilF cgF,
kj j kW jrk mit gagLJwh.
jh{kfh nghw khbgU id df, jir
uAtu Mya nghw fiybrtf Mad f mHa
njhwfhd vLJfhLfshF. itah e Kndhf
j msit f rahf gagL mHfhf, cWahf
fosij ekF ygLJwd.
y kiH kW mWtil; cz kW cley; tu
kW bry nghwit fhuz fha bjhlf mikJsd.
vdnt, fy khwf vw fUJ vGJsJ.
eh eik fhgh bfhS Ka gzij
fldhf bgWnwh. nkY eik tsJ bfhS Ka
gzij tf KjL brnwh. braghLf TL

100

nuh# ngf
[1214-1294]

nuh# ngf
wikahd
Ma. My
jJt nkij.
nrhjid Kiwfis
tWat.
Mngho fW
njjt.
fjij
wfjh mJ
vyh mF
ghig VgLJ
vd Tdh.
fj
KaJt
bghJthd
kj mwhl
njitfshfd
tf, mfho
tshf, unt,
jgh mYtyff,
fhL fHff
Matiw
gagLJ nghJ,
nghFtuJ
kW ahghu
gkhwfshd
wFk,
VWk, tf
kW tjf
Mat
gagLJ nghJ
czu KojJ vW
TWwh.

tha fj

toia KiygL <L brnwh. eho ghJfh, Rfhjhu, f

kw trf Matiw murhf bghWngW bragLJwJ. tiw
ekF mf muRF e tUkhdUJ tia brYJnwh.
j maha e eilKiw thnthL xUizj jiyfis
g fhngh.

3.2 yhg, el kW jto ga ghit

K tF yhg, el, jto Matiw fhQ Kiwfis
fWnsh. eh fw Kofis id Tnth:
yhg, el, jto Mat Kof
(i)

yhg

gid iy - mlf iy

el

mlf iy - gid iy

(iii)

yhg rjj

(iv)

el rjj

(v)

j to (I)

(vi)

TLbjhif

(ii)

(gid iy > mlf iy)

(mlf iy > gid iy)

yhg
mlf iy
el
mlf iy

# 100
# 100

mr fhy to j
= Pnr
100
100
mr + to

3.3 rjj, yhg, el, nkgo bryf,

jSgo kW t Mat gaghLf
3.3.1 rjj gaghLf
eh K tFf rjjfis g
fWnsh. tiw gagLJ Kiwf y nH
bfhLfgLsd.

= 1 = 50 %
2
= 1 = 25 %
4
= 3 = 75 %
4

uL rjj = 2% = 2
100
(ii) 600 nyh uh 8% = 8 600 = 48 ..
100
(iii)
125% = 125 = 5 = 1 1
100 4
4
bghGJ, rjjfis gagL y fzFfis fhngh.
(i)

vLJfhL 3.1
2 %gh 70 igrh 15 igrh vjid rjj?

101


` 2 igrh 70 = (2 100 igrh + 70 igrh)
igrh
= 200 igrh + 70 igrh
= 270 igrh
vdnt, njitahd rjj = 15 # 100 = 50 = 5 5 % .
270
9
9
vLJfhL 3.2
xU bjhif 12% vgJ ` 1080 v mbjhifia fhf.

bjhif ` x vf.
jugLsJ : mbjhif 12% = ` 1080
12 # x = 1080
100
x = 10880 100 = ` 9000
12
` bjhif = ` 9000.
vLJfhL 3.3
25 khztf 72% ng fj ghl wikahdtf. fj
ghl wikanwh vjid ng?

fj wikahdtf rjj = 72%

fj wik f khztf vif = 25 khztf 72%
= 72 # 25
100
= 18 khztf
` fj wikanwh vif = 25 18 = 7.
vLJfhL 3.4
240 ia l 15% Fiwthd viz fhf.

240 15% = 15 # 240 = 36

100

` njitahd v = 240 36 = 204.

vLJfhL 3.5
xU o iy 15 yr %ghUJ 12 yr %ghahf FiwjJ
v Fiwj rjj fhz.

Kj, o iy = ` 15,00,000
jnghija iy = ` 12,00,000

102

tha fj

iy Fiw = 15,00,000 12,00,000 = 3,00,000

` Fiwj rjj = 300000 # 100 = 20%
1500000
idbfhf
mfj bjhif
mfg rjj =
100
Kj bjhif
Fiwj rjj =

Fiwj bjhif
100
Kj bjhif

ru, gu vngh 15 lhfis Kiwna 20%, 80% vwthW J

bfhwd. xbthUtU bgW lhf vifia
fhz.

v gho jDila FHij gUt xU uh

jf iy ` 100 vW TWwh. brjhis
bfhL xbthU khj Kj njY jf iyia
fhz. xbthU khjY VgL mf rjj
fhf.

g 3.1
1. rahd ilid njbjLJ vGJf.
(i) xU TilYs 25 gHf 5 MuR gHf v MuR gHf
rjj ..........
(A) 5%
(B) 25%
(C) 10%
(D) 20%
2
(ii)
= .......... %.
25
(A) 25
(B) 4
(C) 8
(D) 15
(iii) xU gho cs bkhj fLf vif 15% fLf
30 v, fLf bkhj vif ..........
(A) 100
(B) 200
(C) 150
(D) 300
(iv) brw ML xU Tl iy ` 34,000. j ML j iy 25%
TLjyhwJ. mTLj bjhif ..........
(A) ` 6,500
(B) ` 8,500
(C) ` 8,000
(D) ` 7,000
(v) khj tUkhd ` 20,000 bgW eg xUt xbthU khjK
` 3,000I nr brwh v, mtUila khj nr rjj
..........
(A) 15%
(B) 5%
(C) 10%
(D) 20%
2. (i) xU bfhfy cs 20% MdJ 40 l vbz MF. m
bfhfy cs vbz bkhj msit fhz.

103

(ii) xU gaz 25% bjhiy 5000 . v bkhj gaz bjhiy

vts?
(iii) xU bjhif 3.5% vgJ ` 54.25 v, mbjhifia fhf.
(iv) bkhj neu 60% vgJ 30 lfshF v, mj bkhj
neuij fzl.
(v) xU bghUis w 4% gid t j ` 2 t brYdh, mt
vd iyF Ugh?
3. D jDila rgs 5%I mjhtJ ` 2000 I, bghGJnghF
brylh mtUila rgs vd?
4. xU TilYs bkhj khgHf 25% mGait. mt
vif 1250 v bkhj gHf vifia fhf.
nkY ey khgHf vifia fhf.
5. 12M tF nj uh bgw kbgf tU mltiz
bfhLfgLsJ. mkbgfis rjjfshf Tw.
ghlf
(i) My
(ii) j
(iii) fzF
(iv) aa
(v) nta
(vi) ca

mf
kbgf
200
200
200
150
150
150

bgw
kbgf
180
188
195
132
142
140

rjj

6. xU g bf FG kbwhU g bf FGl Moa

Mlf vif 20. t Kj g 25% Mlfis
btwJ v bkhj btw Mlf vif ahJ?

7. MblhF 18% j to jU FGk u ` 10000I KjL

brjh v, 5 tUlfSF wF mt bgW toid fhf.

8. xU bghik Fj iy ` 1200. filfhu 15% jSgo iy

bfhLjh v, bghik gid iy vd?

9. f FGk eilbgw neKf nj 1500 egf fyJ

bfhld. 12% egf nj bragld v, vjid egf
nj bragld? nkY vjid egf nj bragliy vd
fhf.
10. xU cnyhf fyit 30% jhu, 40% Jjehf, f csJ.
20 . cs j cnyhf fyit f ms ahJ?

104

tha fj

11. uhk grhaJ cWd njj jhkiu kW ghoa Ma

Ut nghold. bkhj thFf 44% mjhtJ 11,484 thFf
ghoaDF iljJ. jhkiuF 36% thFf iljd.
(i) uhk gthd bkhj thFf vif ahJ?
(ii) nghol UtUF thfhfhjtf vjid ng?

12. xUt j tUkhd 40% czfhf, 15% cilfhf, 20% L

thliffhf bryLwh. ia nrwh. mt tUkhd
` 34,400 v, mt vts nrwh?

13. n#hfh My 50F 35 kbgfS, fz 30F 27

kbgfS bgwh. vghl mf kbg bgwh? vts
mf bgwh?

14. xU bjhyh ` 11,250 Cf bjhifahf bgWwh. bjhif mt

j ML tUkhd 15% v, mt khj tUkhd vd?

15. X Mil iy ` 2100 UJ ` 2520 Mf mfwJ v,

mf rjjij fhf.

1. 40% = 100% _____ %

2. xU tF khztf 25% elJ, 65% ng irY,
nsh g ngUY gF tUwd v g
ngU tUwtf rjj ahJ?
3. xU tF 30% , 50% j, j cstf buR Ma
bkhfis ulh ghlkhf njbjLjd v buR
bkhia njbjLnjh rjj vd?
4. xU ef Mf 40% , bgf 30%, nsh FHijf
v FHijf rjj ahJ?

fnzr, nfhj Ma ahghflUJ mKjh gL

litfis thFwh. fnzr 200 bt bfhL,
100 jhu bfhL, nfhj 300 bt bfhL,
200 jhu bfhL litia bewd. xbthU litY
cs bt rjj fhf. mf bt bfhl lit
cajukhdJ v, Ut ah caj ju lit jUwh?

105

3.3.2 yhg, elf gaghLf

gF yhg, elfis gagL fzFfSF fhz
fW bfhnth.
(i) gid iy Nufhd sf :
uhn#Z xU ngdhit ` 80F th mt
egUF 5% yhg wh v mngdh
iy vd?
uhn#Z tha ngdh mlf iy
` 80. iy 5% yhg bfhL wh.
` yhg =mlf iy 5% = 5 80 = ` 4
100
yhg vgdh, gid iy tha iyia l mf.
gid iy = tha iy + yhg = 80 + 4 = ` 84.
` uhn#Z ngdhid ` 84F gid brJ Ugh.
ijna Nu _y br Kiwia fhngh.
(100 + yhg % )
mlf iy
gid iy (..) = .
100
100 + 5h
^100
=
# 80 = 105 # 80 = ` 84.
100
100
(ii) mlf iy Nufhd sf :
xU fofhu filfhu xU iffofhuij ` 540 F,
5% yhg wjhf bfhnth. j mlf
iy vdthf UUF?
filfhu miffofhuij 5% yhg
wh. ekF mlf iy bjahJ Mjyh eh
mij ` 100 vd bfhnth.
Kj eh mlf iy 5% yhgij fzLnth.
` yhg = mlf iy 5%
= 5 100 = ` 5.
100
gid iy = tha iy + yhg
= 100 + 5 = ` 105.
gid iy ` 105 v, mlf iy ` 100.
0 # 1100 = ` 514.29.
gid iy ` 540 v, mlf iy = 540
105
mfilfhuUF, iffofhu mlf iy ` 514.29 MF.

106

tha fj

nkfl fzif Nu _ykhf brayh.

100
gid iy
mlf iy (m..) =
(100 + yhg % )
100 540
=
100
0+5
= 100 540
105
= ` 514.29.
gid iy (..), mlf iy (m..) tiw fhz cj
Nuf bjhFig F fhngh :
1. yhg v

(i) m.. = c

1. el v

100
# ..
100 + yhg % m

2. yhg v

(i) .. = c

(ii) m.. = c

100
# ..
100 - el% m

2. el v

100 + yhg %
m # m..
100

(ii) .. = c

100 - el%
m # m..
100

vLJfhL 3.6
AJ xU tz bjhiyfh bgoia ` 15,200 F thFwh.
jid 20% elF wh v, mbjhiyfh bgo gid
iy vd?

nuh Nuij

uhF brj Kiw :

gagL brjKiw :

mlf iy el rjj 20%

= 20 # 15200
100
= ` 3040

myJ

gid iy = mlf iy - el
= 15,200 3,040
= ` 12,160

m.. = ` 15, 200

el = 20%
100 - elk%
.. =
m..
100
0-2
20 # 15200
= 100
100
= 80 # 15200 = ` 12,160
100

uhFY, nuhD xnu ilia bgwd. bgo gid iy ` 12,160.

vLJfhL 3.7
xU Toia ` 13,600F gid brbghGJ 15% el MwJ
v, mj mlf iy vd?
nj, nut fzid U Kiwf brjd.

107


nj brj Kiw :
mlf iy ` 100, el 15%
v, el ` 15.
myJ
gid iy = 100 15 = ` 85
gid iy ` 85
v, mlf iy ` 100.
gid iy ` 13600 v,
mlf iy
0 # 113600
= 100
85
= ` 16,000

Nuij gagL
nut brj Kiw :
el = 15%
.. = ` 13,600
100
..
100 - el%
100
=
13600
100
0 - 115
= 100 13600
85
= ` 16,000

m.. =

UtUF xnu ilahf mlf iy ` 16,000 iljJ.

mltidia

brf

bghU

mlf iy
(%gh)

yhg /el
/

16,000

9% yhg

13,500

12% el

J JitF
au
iknuh nt
Xt
ku mykh
nrhgh br
F%L
rhjd

13% el
12% yhg
32,400

w iy
(%gh

6,786
7,000

7% yhg

vLJfhL 3.8
11 ngdhf mlfiy 10 ngdhf w iyF rk v
yhg myJ el rjjij fhf.

ngdh gid iy ` x vf.

` 10 ngdhf iy

= ` 10x
10

11 ngdhf mlfiy = 10 ngdhf gid iy MF.

= ` 10x
10
F, gid iy > mlf iy.
` yhg = gid iy - mlf iy
= 11x - 10x
10 = ` x
yhg rjj = yhg 100 = x 100 = 10%.
10x
m..

108

tha fj

vLJfhL 3.9
U iffofhuf xbthiw ` 594F xUt wh. thW
w x 10% yhgK, kw 10% elK mtUF VglJ.
bkhj mtUF Vgl yhg myJ el rjj fhz.

Kj iffofhu gid iy = ` 594, yhg rjj = 10%

100
.
100 + yhg %
100
# 594
= 100
10
0h
^100 + 1

` Kj iffofhu mlf iy =

= 100 # 594 = ` 540.

110
ulhtJ iffofhuij 10 el wh v
100
mlf iy
=
.
100 el %
100
# 594 = 100 # 594 = ` 660.
= ^100
100 - 110
0h
90
fu yhg myJ el csjh vgij bjJbfhs, xUizj
mlf iy kW gid iyia fhz ntosJ.
uL iffofhuf bkhj mlf iy = 540 + 660 = ` 1,200.
uL iffofhuf bkhj gid iy = 594 + 594 = ` 1,188.
bkhj el = 1,200 1,188 = ` 12.
el rjj =

el
m..

100

12 # 100 = 1
1200
3.3.3 nkgobryfis fhL gaghL
=

xU fhW F%oia thFtjF khah j

jijl filF brwh. mjid ` 18,000F
thd. mfil mtf o mU
iy. vdnt mF%oia vLJ brtjF
xU to ntosJ. mj thlif ` 500 v
mF%o mlf iy, fil tha
iyl ` 500 mfkhW. vdnt mj mlf
iy vgJ tha iy ` 18,000 cl to thlif ` 500I nrf
ntosJ. ijjh eh nkgobry vnwh. bghGJ

109

fhW F%o mlf iy = mj cik iy + to thlif

= 18,000 + 500 = ` 18,500
kbwhU cjhuzij F fhngh.
nh jij xU giHa khU fhiu ` 2,75,000 F bridYs xU
bkhj gidahsl UJ thdh. mjF tz l ` 25,000 bry
brjh. mfhid j brhj CUF bfhL bry nkY ` 2,000
brtjh v tU dhfSF cfsh ilaf aYkh?
(i) fh bkhj mlf iy vd?
(ii) fh cikahd mlf iy vd?
(iii) F Tw bgw nkgobrydf vit?
nkfl vLJfho tz l bry kW toia brhj
CUF bfhL bry bry Maitf nkgobryfshF.
fh mlfiy = cikahd mlf iy + nkgobryf
= 2,75,000 + (25,000 + 2,000)
= 2,75,000 + 27,000 = ` 3,02,000.
UJ fl KoF tUnwh.
y rkaf xU bghUis thFw nghJ myJ gjF K
TLj bryf VgL. j bryfis mlf iyl Tobfhs
ntL. j brydfis nkgobrydf vnwh. gGij
f MF bry, to thlif, kW ju tiffis nkgobrydf
nrfyh.
vLJfhL 3.10
uh ` 36,000F xU nkhlh iris th, mj njhw bgh
eF mika nkY eKiw af y ju ghffis bghUdh.
mnkhlh iris ` 44,000F 10 yhg wh v ju
ghff thf vts bry brjh?

mlf iy ` 100 vf.

yhg = 10, gid iy = ` 110
gid iy ` 110 v mlf iy ` 100.
gid iy ` 44,000 v mlf iy = 44000 # 100 = ` 40,000
110
bkhj brydf = 40,000 36,000 = ` 4,000.

110

tha fj

g 3.2
1. mlf iy myJ gid iyia fhf.
gid
iy

mlf iy
(i)

` 7,282

el

` 208

(ii)
(iii)

yhg

` 572

` 72

` 9,684

` 684

(iv)

` 1,973

` 273

(v) ` 6,76,000

` 18,500

2. rahdtiw Lgl flf ug.

mlf
iy
(i) ` 320

gid
iy
` 384

(ii) ` 2,500

` 2,700

(iii) ` 380

yhgK, yhg
rjjK

` 361

(iv) ` 40
(v) ` 5,000

elK, el
rjjK

` 2 el
` 500 yhg

3. tU fzFf 5 yhg v bghUf gid iyia

fhf.
(i) to ` 700l nkgobry ` 50.
(ii) xU f nkir ` 1150F th, vLJ tu to bry ` 50.
(iii) xU nkir J mik kh miuF auij ` 2,560F th
mj gGJ F bry ` 140.
4. ahgh xUt ` 1320F xU nkiria 10 yhg wh v
mj mlf iyia fhz.
5. 16 nehL jff mlf iy, 12 nehL jff gid
iyF rk. j yhg rjij fhz.
6. xUt U bghUfis xbthiw ` 375F wh. Kj
bghUis 25% yhgF kwij 25% elF wh v
bkhj ahghu Vgl yhg myJ el vts? yhg
myJ el rjjij fhz.

111

7. mgur xU il ` 17,75,000 F thdh. cwfis

` 1,25,000 F mHFgL mij 20% yhgF wh v gid
iyia fhf.

8. mkyh xU oid th mj fol mikid khw ` 60,000 bry

brjh. d mil 20% yhg wh. mj gid iy
` 42,00,000 v mil thFtjF mt brj bry ahJ?
9. b#aFkh efu btw ` 21,00,000F L fl l
thdh. jid R Rt vGg ` 1,45,000 bry brjh.
` 25,00,000F mlid f ` 5,000 bfhLJ brjh
sgu brjh v mtUF ilF yhg rjj vd?
10. xUt jDila bry uhahd xU tif ehid 15% yhg
` 3605F, ntW xU tif ehid 9% el ` 3605 F wh
v, bkhj yhg myJ bkhj el fhf.
(F : xbth mlf iyia fhf)

3.3.4 jSgof gaghLf

bghf goiffhf a J thf neW
#h j bgnwhfSl xU JfilF brwh.
t gy filf jSgo 10, jSgo 20,
jSgo 25, jSgo 50 Ma sgufis
flh. j bghU mtUF xW aiy.
j IaJl xU filD EiHJ xU rilia
thdh.
mril J xU W JL mil
` 550 vUjJ. mjid Fj iy vg. #h
filfhuUF ` 550 bfhLjh. Mdh filfhunuh xU
bjhifia Ug bfhLJ jF 20 jSgo cL
vwh.
F 20 jSgo vgJ Fj
iy 20 jSgo vW bghUgL.
jSgo = 20 550 = ` 110.
100
jSgo vgJ Fj iy myJ
goa cs iyia l FiwJ
bfhLF gid iy MF.

112

xU bghU nk
izfgoUF
JL mil jSgoF
K vGjgoUF iyia
Fj iy (F..) myJ
goa iy vngh.

tha fj

#h filfhul bfhLj bjhif ` 440

= ` 550 - ` 110
= Fj iy - jSgo
UJ eh mtd :
jSgo = Fj iy - gid iy
gid iy = Fj iy - jSgo
Fj iy = gid iy + jSgo

vLJfhL 3.11

HhfhyfY, j
khjkhd MoY 10,
20, 50 vgd nghw
jSgof tHFtj
_y nfh-Mbl,
fh nghw gy filf
thoifahsfis <J
jf ahghuij
bgU bfhwd.

xU to iy ` 1500 vW FfgLsJ. jid ` 1350F

wh, jSgo rjj vd?

bfhLfglit : Fj iy = ` 1500, gid iy ` 1350

jSgo = F.. - ..
= 1500 1350 = ` 150
` 1500F jSgo = ` 150.
vdnt, ` 100F jSgo = 150 # 100
1500
` jSgo rjj = 10.
vLJfhL 3.12

jSgo Fj iy
nk miktjh, eh Fj
iyiana mogilahf
bfhs ntL.

X cil goa iy ` 220.

mj gid 20% jSgo vW
mfgLsJ. cil nk jSgo vts? mj gid iy
vd?

bfhLfglit: Fj iy = ` 220, jSgo j = 20%

20
jSgo = 100 # 220
= ` 44
mj gid iy = Fj iy - jSgo
= 220 44
= ` 176.

113

vLJfhL 3.13
X mykh 5 jSgo ` 5,225F fgLwJ. mj Fj
iyia fhf.

UZzh gagLa Kiw :

Nuij gagL

jSgo rjj bfhLf

ndZ brj Kiw :

gLsJ. vdnt, Fj

gid iy = ` 5225

iy ` 100 vf.

jSgo = 5
F.. = ?
100
.
F.. =
100 jSgo %

jSgo rjj = 5
jSgo = 5 100 = ` 5
100
.. = F.. - jSgo
= 100 5 = ` 95.

myJ

gid iy ` 95 v,
Fj iy ` 100.

100
10
0
j # 5225
-5

` 100
100

100 # 5225
95

` 5,500.

gid iy ` 5225 v,
Fj iy = 100 5225= ` 5500
95
mykh Fj iy = ` 5500.
vLJfhL 3.14
xU filfhu j thoifahsfSF 10 jSgo jJ, 20 yhg
milwh. xU bghU cik iy ` 450 v, mbghU Fj
iyia fhf.

tjh gagLa Kiw:

Fj iy ` 100 vf.

k gagLa Kiw:

myJ jSgo = 10, yhg = 20

jSgo = Fj iy J 10
m.. = ` 450, F.. = ?
10
10
=
Fj iy =
# 100
Fj iy
100
100
100 + yhg %
= ` 10
=
m.
100 jSgo %
.. = F.. - jSgo
0+2
20h
^100
= 100 - 10 = ` 90
=
# 450
0 - 110h
^100
yhg = mlf iy J 20
= 120 # 450
= 20 # 450 = ` 90
90
100
.. = mlf iy + yhg
= ` 600
= 450 + 90 = ` 540.

114

tha fj

gid iy ` 90 v,
Fj iy ` 100
gid iy ` 540 v,
0 # 1100 = ` 600.
Fj iy = 540
90
` mbghU Fj iy ` 600.
vLJfhL 3.15
xU jf iy 10% jSgo brjhY xU ahghF 10%
yhg ilwJ. mjf Fj iy ` 220 v, mj mlf iy
ahJ?

Rfj gagLa Kiw :

KFj gagLa Nu Kiw :

Fj iy = ` 220.
jSgo = 10
jSgo = Fj iy 10
yhg = 10
= 10 # 220 = ` 22.
100
myJ Fj iy = ` 220
.. = F.. - jSgo
= 220 22 = ` 198.
mlf iy ` 100 vd bfhf
yhg = mlf iy 10
= 10 # 100 = ` 10.
100
.. = m.. + yhg

mlf iy =

= 100 + 10 = ` 110.

100 - jSgo
100 + yhg
Fj iy

0 - 110 # 220
= 100
100
0 + 110
= 90 # 220 = ` 180.
110

` 110 .. v, m.. ` 100.

` 198 gid iy v,
198
8 # 1100
mlf iy =
= ` 180.
110
vLJfhL 3.16
bjhl jSgof Kiwna 10%, 20% vwthW xU bjhiyfh bgo
` 14,400F fglJ v mj Fj iy vd?

gid iy = ` 14,400
Fj iy ` 100 vf.
Kj jSgo = 10 = 10 # 100 = ` 10.
100
Kj jSgoF gid iy = 100 10 = ` 90.
ulh jSgo = 20 = 20 # 90 = ` 18.
100
ulh jSgoF gid iy = 90 18 = ` 72.
gid iy ` 72 v, Fj iy ` 100.

115

gid iy ` 14,400 v Fj iy
0 # 1100 = ` 20,000.
= 14400
72
Fj iy = ` 20,000.
vLJfhL 3.17
xU ahgh xU bghUis ` 1200F thdh. mj mlf iyF
nk 30 ca, Fj iy Mdh. jF 20 jSgo bfhLJ wh
v, gid iy kW yhg rjj fh.

mbghU mlf iy ` 100 vf.

Fj iy = mlf iyial 30 mf
Fj iy = ` 130.
mlf iy ` 100 v Fj iy ` 130.
mlf iy ` 1200 v, Fj iy = 1200 # 130 = ` 1560
100
20 # 1560
jSgo = 1560 20 = 100
= ` 312.
gid iy = Fj iy - jSgo
= 1560 312 = ` 1248.
yhg = gid iy - mlf iy
= 1248 1200 = ` 48.
yhg rjj =
=

yhg
100
mlf iy

48 # 100 = 4%.
1200

xU fil bghUf iy 20% jSgo zfgLsJ

v, fhQ bghUf w iy vd?
(i) xU Mil Fj iy ` 120
(ii) xU ig Fj iy ` 250
(iii) xU nrho brU Fj iy ` 750
3.3.5 t gaghLf
FHijfns! brjhf kW bjhiy
fhf tfis Fj fhyF fLkhW
sgu brtij eh fLnsh. t vwh
vd? muR bghJkfl UJ tia V
tNf ntL?

116

tha fj

e ehL xU wj ehlhf mika rhiyf, uf, ghrd tr, Fo

tr, rhu tr nghwit kfSF f mtakhf mika ntL.
lfis bragLj njitahd brtij muR bghJ kfl t
_ykhf tNwJ.
tf UtifgL. mitahtd :
1. neKf t

2. kiwKf t.

1. neKf t
tUkhd t, brhJ t, bjh t, j t nghw tf neKf
tfshF. it bghJ kfsh muRF neilahf brYJ tfshF.
2. kiwKf t
y tf neilahf kfsh brYj KoahJ. mt kiwKf t
vdgL. tiw F tngh.
fyh t
t e eho cg bragLw y bghUf J
fgLwJ. J eLt muRF brYwJ.
g t
cz Lf, iuauFf, tf fzfhsf gf,
bjhiyng flz nghwtF f tf g tf MF.
tf ekF g brgtf _ykhf muRF brwJ.
tUkhd t
mu f Kakhd tUkhd Mjhu tUkhd tahF.
jid ML tUkhd Fl msF nk cstflUJ
tNfgLwJ. e eho wj Fokfdhf Uf ntLbk, e
flikia czJ tid Fl fhyF brYj ntL.
gid t / kTL t
gid t
xU
filfhu
xU
bghUis
FnghJ fgL tna gid
tahF. bghUis thF bghGJ
bghUf iyl tia nrJ
brYJt.

117

gid t xU
bghU gid nk
murh fgLwJ.

7777 7777

k TL t
J khy mu Kakhd tahF.
mik fhy eh filf thF
bghUf iyl tia nrJ, k
TL t vw tia tNwd.

20112011-M
Mofhd
tU
bghUf jhd gidtia
fhf.
1. fUf ................
2. bgnuh ................
3. Or ................
4. L cgnahf bghUf ................
5. urhad bghUf ................

m, rfiu, gh,
c, ngdh, bgf,
jff MatWF
muR gid tUJ
yF mfgLsJ.

gid tia fzLj

gid t bjhif =
gid t j =

gid t j
bghU iy
100
gid t bjhif
100
bghU iy

brYj ntoa bjhif = bghU iy + gid t bjhif

vLJfhL 3.18
ndh ` 12,000F irfUfis thdh. gid t j 8
v, mt brYj ntoa gid t, bkhj bjhif Matiw fhf.

irfUf k = ` 12,000
gid t j = 8
gid tbjhif = 8 # 12000
100
= ` 960
ndh brYj ntoa bkhj bjhif = 12,000 + 960
= ` 12,960

118

tha fj

vLJfhL 3.19
gid tl xU Frhjd fU bkhj iy ` 14,500.
Frhjd fU iy ` 13,050 v gid t jij fhz.

gid t = goa iy - bghU iy

= 14,355 13,050 = ` 1,305
gid t j =
=

gid tbjhif
100
bghU iy

1305 # 100 = 10
13050

vLJfhL 3.20
ah ` 2730F xU Nnf thdh. j J k TL t 5%
MF. k TL tia nrF Kd mbgo iy vd? k
TL t vts vd fhf.

bfhLfgLsit : k TL t 5%
k TL t yhj nghJ bghU iy ` 100 v, k TL
tl mj iy ` 105 vwhwJ.
k TL tl xU bghU iy ` 105 v, mj mr iy
` 100.
k TL tl xU bghU iy ` 2730 v mj mr iy
= 100 # 2730 = ` 2,600
105
mbgo mr iy = ` 2,600
k TL t

= 2,730 2,600
= ` 130.

1. nH bfhLfgLs bghUf iyfSl 5% gid tia

nrJ fgLwJ v, mbghUf gid iyia
fhf:
(i) xU jiyaiz iy ` 60.
(ii) U nrh fof xbth iy ` 25.
2. fl bghUf iyl 8% k TL tia nrj
mt mlf iyfis fhf.
(i) xU rhu Nnl ` 14,500F thfglJ.
(ii) W jLfSl Toa nfhigf nghwit ` 200F thf
glJ.

119

g 3.3
1. rahd ilia njbjLJ vGJf.
(i) jSgo vgJ .......... jhd cs iy.
(A) Fj iy
(B) mlf iy
(C) gid iy
(D) to
(ii) xU bghU Fj iy ` 140. gid iy ` 105 v jSgo
.......... .
(A) ` 245
(B) ` 25
(C) ` 30
(D) ` 35
(iii) .......... = Fj iy - jSgo.
(A) mlf iy
(C) goa iy

(B) gid iy
(D) rij iy

(iv) xU bghU kl nrF t .......... .

(A) gid t (B) kTL t (C) fyh t (D) g t
(v) xU bghU w iy ` 240, jSgo ` 28 v, Fj iy ......... .
(A) ` 212
(B) ` 268
(C) ` 228
(D) ` 258
2. xU jf J mj iy ` 450 FlgLsJ. xU jf
ffh filfhu mjf J 20 jSgo bfhLwh.
mjf gid iy vd?
3. xU bjhiyfh bgo 10, 20 Ma bjhl jSgof bfhLj
` 5,760 F fgLwJ v j Fj iy vd?
4. nrf xU fia ` 38,000 F mjFa mR auij
` 8000F thdh. bghUfSFa gid t 7 v, mt
U bghUfSF bfhLf ntoa bjhif vts?
5. k TL tl xU rika rhjd iy ` 19,610. mj
k TL t 6 v, mj mlf iy vts?
6. rL xU KG MilbjhFia thFnghJ 10% jSgo iljJ.
mj Fj iy ` 5000. mt bghU tha iy 10
gid t brYdh, mt mij vd iyF thdh?
7. xU Frhjd bgo J 9 gid t j gid t ` 1170
v mj mlf iy vd?
8. xU ahgh xU bghUis th mj iy 40% ca
Fjh. mij 5 jSgo brJ wh. mtUF ilj yhg
myJ el rjj vd?

120

tha fj

9. Fj iy ` 11,500 cs xU bjhiyfh bgo J 10 jSgo

brJ fgLwJ. Hhfhy Mdjh filfhu nkY 5 jSgo
bfhLJ wh. mj w iyia fhf.
10. ` 3500 vw iy Flgl xU F%oia ` 2800 F thdh.
bfhLfgl jSgo rjj fhz.
11. xbthW ` 1200 iys 15 rilfis gh thdh. mtiw
5 yhgF wh. thoifahs 4 gid t brYj
ntLbk thoifahsUF xU ril iy vd
MwJ?
12. jSgo, jSgo j, gid iy kW Fj iy Matiw
ca lf brf.
t. v.

bghUf

Fj
iy

jSgo
j

jSgo

gid
iy

(i)

lit

` 2,300

20

.....

.....

(ii)

ngdh br

` 140

.....

.....

` 105

.....

20

.....

` 16,000

` 14,500

.....

.....

` 13,775

` 3,224

12%

.....

.....

(iii)
(iv)
(v)

rhghL
nki#
JitF
au
rikf
cj br

vJ wj rYif? 20%, 5% vw mLjLj jSgoah myJ

xnu neu 25% jSgoah? jFj fhuzij Tw.

3.4 TL to
eh VHh tF j to fzLtJ g
fWnsh. j to nkY TLj fhz cj
Nufis fWnsh. j maha
TL to ga fUij, TL toia vthW
fzLj, TLj vthW fhQj vgd g
(xU Fl fhy bfLF) mJ bfhnth.

121

xU t d ` 50,000 ML to j 4 uL MLfSF
fldhf bgWwh.
Kj ML d brYJ ntoa to,
P#n#r
100
= 50000 # 1 # 4 = ` 2,000
100
mt Kjyh ML to ` 2000ij
fl jtajhf bfhnth. bghGJ j
toahd ` 2000ij giHa mryha ` 50,000
cl nrJ a mryhf ` 52,000 vd vLJ
mrYF kL to
bfht. j mrYF ulh ML to
fhQjiy j to
fzLt.
vnwh. Mdh
jto =

j ulh Mofhd to,

xbthU Kiw bgw

P#n#r
toia mrYl
100
nrJ to fhQjiy
= 52000 # 1 # 4 = ` 2,080
TL to vnwh.
100
vdnt d ulh ML mf
toia fl nto tU. thW to fhQ KiwF TL to fhQj
vW bga.
j to =

bghJthf tf, fhL FGkf, mr mYtff Kjat

gzij KjL bra myJ fl thf neL. j FGkf toia
fzLnghJ TL to fzL Kiwia gagLJwhf.
vLJfhL 3.21
uhyh vgt ` 8000I, 15 TL to jU xU Wtd KjL
brjh v, _W MLf mtUF vd TLj bjhif ilF?
nkY mtUF ilF to bjhif vd?

go 1 :

Kjyh ML mr

Kjyh ML to

=
=

KjyhL W TLj

` 8,000
P#n#r
100
8000 # 1 # 115 = ` 1,200
100
P + I = 8,000 + 1,200 = ` 9,200

go 2 : Kjyh ML W TLj vgJ ulhkhL Jtf

mr MwJ.
ulh ML mr

122

` 9,200

tha fj

ulh ML to

=
=

ulh ML W TLj =

P#n#r
100
9200 # 1 # 115 = ` 1,380
100

P + I = 9,200 + 1,380 = ` 10,580

go 3 : ulh ML W TLj MdJ _wh ML Jtf

KjlhwJ.
_wh ML mr

= ` 10,580

_wh ML to

_wh ML Ko TLj

P#n#r
100
10580 # 1 # 115 = ` 1,587
100

P+I

10,580 + 1,587 = ` 12,167

_W MLf Ko, uhyh bgW TL to

=

12,167 - 8,000 = ` 4,167.

TL to fhQ Nuij bgWj

fhy ms mfF nghJ, nkfl Kiw ljhf, fodkhf
MwJ. vdnt, TL to Kiwgo TLjiy, toia fhz xU
Nuij bgWnth.
mr ` P
P, ML to j r % , fhy n MLf vwthW TL to
fhz cj Nu mikngh.
go 1 :

KjyhL Kj =

`P

KjyhL to =

P#n#r
100

=
KjyhL W TLj =
=
=
go 2 :

ulh ML Jtf mr =
ulh ML to =

P # 1 # r = Pr
100
100

P+I
P + Pr
100
P`1 + r j
100
P`1 + r j
100
P`1 + r j # 1 # r
100
100
100

(j to fhQ Nuij gagLj)

123

=
ulh ML W TLj =

P`1 + r j # r
100
100

P+I

P`1 + r j + P`1 + r j # r
100
100
100
r
r
= P`1 +
1+
100 j`
100 j
2
= P`1 + r j
100
2
go 3 : _wh ML bjhlf mr = P`1 + r j
100
2
r
P`1 +
j #1#r
10
100
0
_wh ML to =
100
=

(j to fhQ Nuij gagLj)

=
_wh ML W TLj =
=
=
=

2
P`1 + r j # r
100
100

P+I
2
2
P`1 + r j + P`1 + r j # r
100
100
100
2
r
r
P`1 +
1+
100 j `
100 j
3
P`1 + r j
100

thW n MtJ ML W, TL bjhif

A =
TL to =
n ML Ko TL to = C. I. =

n
P`1 + r j
100

AP
n
P `1 + r j - P
100

TL to fzLj
tif 1: MLF xU Kiw fzl
xbthU ML WY toia mrYl TLtijna, ML
Kiw fzl vwhF.
F TL bjhif

n
A = P `1 + r j ; TL to = A P
100

tif 2: miuahLF xU Kiw fzl

Kiw fzLbghGJ, x Mo uL MW khjf csd.
Mjyh uL (mr) khW fhyf csd. miuahL to j ` r j .
2
2n
bghGJ, TL bjhif A = P 81 + 1 ` r jB ; TL to = A P

2 100

124

tha fj

tif 3: fh MLF xU Kiw fzl

Kiw fzLnghJ X Mo, ehF fh MLf csd.
Mjyh 4 (mr) khW fhyf csd. vdnt, fhyhL to j ` r j MF.
4
4n
bghGJ, TL bjhif A = P 81 + 1 ` r jB ; TL to = A P

4 100

tif 4: fhy MLf dkhf mikj

TL to ML Kiw fzl MLfSl Mo dK
mikayh.
cjhuzkhf, TL to j MblhWF r%, mr ` P, fhy

5 1 tUlf vf. TL bjhif,

4

A = P`1 + r j 81 + 1 ` r jB ; TL to = A P
100
4 100
5

5 MLf

MLf

vLJfhL 3.22
MLF xUKiw to fhQ Kiw ` 15,625 F ML to 8 j
v, 3 MLfSF TL to fhz.

3
3 MLf Ko TL bjhif A = P`1 + r j
100

8 3
1
+
`
= 15625
100 j
100
2 3
= 15625 `1 + 25 j
27 3
= 15625 ` 25 j
= 15625 # 27 # 27 # 27
25 25 25
= ` 19,683
vdnt, TL to = A P = 19,683 15,625
= ` 4,058
TL to Kiw MLF xU Kiw myJ miu MLF xU
Kiw fzLjiy xLnth.
` 100I U KiwfY KjL brjh TL bjhif, TL to
vd ilF vgij fhngh.

125

MLF xU Kiw

miuahLF xU Kiw

P = ` 100, 10 TL to

P = ` 100, 10 ML TL to

MLF xU Kiw

miuahLF xU Kiw

fhy 1 ML

fhy 6 khjf mjhtJ ML.

0 # 10
10 # 1 = ` 10
I = 100
100

A = 100 + 10 = ` 110

100 # 10 # 1 2
=`5
I=
100
ML Ko TLj
= 100 + 5 = ` 105
mLj MLF Kj ` 105

I=

105 # 10 # 1 2
= ` 5.25
100

A = 105 + 5.25 = ` 110.25

5

A = ` 110

A = ` 110.25

thwhf miuahLF xUKiw to mrYl nrUtjhf U,

U jlit to, to j ML j ghahf bfhnwh.
vLJfhL 3.23
miu MLF xU Kiw to mrYl nrfglh ` 1000F ML
to j 10 jgo, 18 khjfSF TL to fhz.

P = ` 1000, r = 10 MLF
1
3
n = 18 khjf = 18 tUlf = 2 tUlf = 1 2 tUlf
12
18 khjf W TLbjhif
A =
=
=
=

2n
P 81 + 1 ` r jB
2 100
100
2# 3
1000 81 + 1 ` 10 jB 2
2 100
100
3
10
j
1000 `1 + 200
200

21 3
`
1000 20 j

1000 # 21 # 21 # 21
20 20 20
` 1157.625

` 1157.63

TL to =

AP

1157.63 1000

` 157.63

126

8 ML to j,
xU bjhifia, 3
khjfSF xU Kiw,
toia mrYl nrF
Kiw vjid Kiw
to fzlgL?

tha fj

vLJfhL 3.24
` 20,000F 15 ML to jF 2 1 MLfSF TL toia
3
fhf.

P = ` 20,000, r = MblhWF 15, n = 2 1 MLf

3

2 1 MLf W TL bjhif
3

A = P`1 + r j 81 + 1 ` r jB
100
3 100
2

2
= 20000`1 + 15 j 81 + 1 ` 15 jB
100
3 100
2
= 20000 `1 + 3 j `1 + 1 j
20
20
2
= 20000 ` 23 j ` 21 j
20 20
= 20000 # 23 # 23 # 21
20 20 20
= ` 27, 772.50

C.I. = A P
= 27,772.50 20,000
= ` 7,772.50

TL to Kiw vkh fzFf

n
A = P`1 + r j , vw Nuij Vfdnt eh fWnsh.
100
F A, P, r,
r n vw 4 khf csd. tW VnjD 3 khf

bjkhdh ehfhtJ khia eh fzl aY.

vLJfhL 3.25
` 640 MdJ uL MLf TLbjhif ` 774.40 MF. TL to
j fhf. (to MoF xU Kiw mrYl nrUwJ)

bfhLfgLsit: P = ` 640, A = ` 774.40, fhy = 2 MLf, r = ?

n
A = P`1 + r j vd eh mnth.
100
2
774.40 = 640`1 + r j
100

774.40
r 2
=
1
+
`
640
100 j

127

77440 = 1
r 2
` + 100 j
64000
121 = 1 + r 2
`
100 j
100
11 2
` 10 j = `1 + r j2
100
11
r
10 = 1 + 100
11
r
= 10 - 1
100
r
= 11 - 10
10
100
r
= 1
10
100
r = 100 = 10
10
TL to j MblhWF 20.
vLJfhL 3.26
` 1600 MdJ 5 ML TL to j bfhL vjid MLf
` 1852.50 MF?

bfhLfgLsit: P = ` 1600, A = ` 1852.20, r = 5 MblhWF, n = ?

n
A = P`1 + r j
100
n
1852.20 = 1600`1 + 5 j
100
100
1852.20
105 n
105
= ` 10
1600
100
0j
185220
21 n
160000 = ` 20 j
n
9261 = ` 21 j
20
8000
21 n
21 3
` 20 j = ` 20 j
n = 3 MLf

fhytiufis to
jfis fhf.
1. miuahLF xUKiw
tol mrYl
nrUw Kiw, uL
MLfSF, 8 ML
to j.
2. miuahLF xU
Kiw tol mrYl
nrUw Kiw, 1
MLfSF, 4 ML
to j.

3.5 TL toF j toF cs ahr

mr P F r toj v uL MLfSF TL toF
2
j toF cs ahr = P` r j
100

128

tha fj

vLJfhL 3.27
` 8000F 10 to j v uL MLf ilF TL
toF j toF cs ahrij fhf.

P = ` 8000, n = 2 MLf, r = 10 MblhWF

uL MLfSF TL toF j toF cs ahr
2
= P` r j
100
2
1 2
= 8000 ` 10 j = 8000 ` 10 j
100
1
1
= 8000 # 10 # 10 = ` 80

g 3.4
1. tUtdtF TLjiy, TL tofis fhz :
Kj
ML
fhy
v
( ` )
to j
(MLf)
(i)
1000
3
5
(ii)
4000
2
10
(iii)

18,000

10

21
2

2. rjh ` 8000 I mbyl 12 TL to j MLfSF

fl thdh. rjh mbyF ju ntoa to vts?
3. kah ` 80,000 I xU ahghu KjL brjh. jF 5 MLF
xUKiw to nrF Kiw TL to ilF v (i) ulh
ML Ko mt bga vts UF (ii) _wh ML to
vd?
4. miuahoF xU Kiw to TL Kiw ` 24,000 F
MblhWF 10 to j 1 MLf ilF TL to
vts?
5. miuahoF xU Kiw to TL Kiw uh ` 8192 I,
18 khjfSF, 12 ML to j bfhLg KjL brjh.
mtUF ilF bkhj bjhif vts?
6. ` 15,625 I 9 khjfSF 16 ML to j KjL brjh, to
fhyhLF xUKiw nrfglh, TL toia fhf.
7. 4 ML to jgo 2 MLf ` 1632 TL to jU mriy
fhz.

129

8. xU Tliu thf xU t ` 26,400 I fldhf bgwh.

ML to 15 j, MblhWF toia nrjh 2 MLf 4
khjf Md j flid milf mt vts brYj ntL?
9. m vgt xU t ` 80,000 fl thdh. ML xWF 10
to j 1 MLf (i) MblhWF to nrF Kiw
(ii) miuahoF xUKiw to nrF Kiw fzlglh
ahrij fhz.
10. ` 2400F 5 ML to j 2 MLf ilF TL toF
j toF cs ahr fhf.
11. ` 6400F 6 ML to j 2 MLf ilF TL toF
j toF cs ahr fhf.
12. xU fl bjhif J 2 MLf 5 ML to j 2 MLf
ilF TL toF j toF cs ahr %gh 5 v
mbjhifia fhz.
13. R#h ` 12,500I MblhWF j to j 12 j 3 MLf
brYj fl thdh. uhfh mnj bjhifia mnj fhyF
MblhWF 10 TL to j fl thdh. mf to
brYJgt ah? vts?
14. miu MLF xUKiw toia nrF Kiw xU bjhifia
ML to 4 j jUt 1 MLfSF KjL brjh. Ko
` 1,32,651 bgwh v mt KjL vts?
15. fha ` 12,000I 5 ML TL to jU xU t n
MLfSF KjL brjh. mt Ko ` 13,230 bgwh. n
k vd?
16. ` 640 MdJ vj TL to j uL MLf TLj
` 774.40 Mf UF?
17. miuahoF xU Kiw to nrF Kiw 1 MLf ` 2000
MdJ ` 2315.25 MwJ v ML TL to j fhf.

3.5.1 k TLjY FiwjY

m) k TLj
kf bjhif, ghOah ts, brh
k, iy mfKs y bghUf it midF
MLnjhW kf TLwd.
n
ij fhz A = P`1 + r j vw Nuij
100
gagLj ntL.

130

tha fj

M) k Fiwj
y auf k, tof k, y
bghUf iyf, folf k Mait
MLnjhW Fiwwd.
n
ijfhz A = P`1 - r j vw Nuij
100
gagLj ntL.

cyf kf bjhif
ML kf bjhif

1700
1800
1900
2000

600,000,000
900,000,000
1,500,000,000
6,000,000,000

flj _W whLf
kf bjhif gJ klfhf
bgUsJ.

vLJfhL 3.28

xU uhk kf bjhif MblhWF 7

j mfwJ. bghGJ kf bjhif 90,000
v 2 MLfSF wF muhk kf bjhif vdthf UF?

nghija kf bjhif P = 90,000, mf j r = 7,

n = 2 MLf.

n
uL MLf kf bjhif = P`1 + r j
100
2
107 2
= 90000 `1 + 7 j = 90000 ` 107
100
100
100 j
100
107 # 107
= 90000 # 107
100 100
100
= 103041

uL MLfSF wF muhk kf bjhif = 1,03,041

vLJfhL 3.29
xU au k xbthU ML 5 FiwwJ. xUt ij
thFtjF ` 30,000 bfhLjh. _W MLfSF wF j k vd?

au jnghija k P = ` 30,000, Fiw j r = 5,

fhy = 3 MLf.
_W MLfSF au k =

n
P`1 - r j
100

3
= 30000`1 - 5 j
100
100
3
= 30000` 95 j
100
100
= 30000 # 95 # 95 # 95
100 100
100
100 100

= ` 25721.25
_W MLfSF mj au k ` 25,721.25

131

vLJfhL 3.30
xU uhk kf bjhif xnu uhf xbthU ML 5 j
To bfhL brwJ. bghGJ mj kf bjhif 1,04,832 v uL
MLfSF K vdthf UUF?

uL MLfSF K kf bjhif P vf.

` P`1 + 5 j2 = 104832
100
100
105 2
P` 105
100 j = 104832
100
105 # 105 = 104832
P # 105
100 100
100
100 # 1100
P = 104832 # 100
105
5 # 1105
= 95085.71
= 95,086 (KG v Ujkhf)
uL MLfSF K kf bjhif 95,086.

g 3.5
1. xU g khzt nrif vif 2000. nrif xbthU
ML 5 j TLwJ, uL MLfSF mg
vjid khztf Ughf?
2. xU nkhlh au iy ` 3,50,000. j k xbthU
MoY 10 j FiwwJ. _W MLfSF mj k
vtsthf UF?
3. xUt nkhlh iris ` 50,000F thdh. j k xbthU
ML 8 j FiwwJ, XuhoF j k vtsthf
UF?
4. xU Mtf, X Muh xU tif ghOahf vif
xU kF 2.5 j mfwJ. bjhlf 5,06,000
ghOahf Ujh, 2 k neuF wF mj vif vd?
5. ntiyyh lhldh xU uhkYs kf mikYs
efufSF l bgajd. uL MLfSF K muhk
kf bjhif 6,000. l bganjh vif MblhWF 5
v jnghija kf bjhif vd?

132

tha fj

6. xU vbz au jnghijna k ` 14,580. j k

xbthU ML 10 Mf Fiwjh _W MLfSF Kd
j k vtsthf UF?
7. ntiy th mfKsjh xU uhk cs kf bjhif
MblhWF 9 mfjJ. nghJ mj kf bjhif 11,881 v
ulhLfSF Kd mj kf bjhif vdthf UUF?

3.6 uju it bjhif, bjhl it bjhif

bghJkf tf, mr mYtyff, gy Wtdf
Mait ntWgl j gzij KjL bra nfhUwd. kf xU
Fl fhy ilbt tUkhd bgw gzij Wtdf KjL
brwd.
Wtdf gzij nrf gytif lfis itJsd.
mtW y :

(i) uju it l (ii) bjhl it l MadthF.

(i) uju it l
xU bjhifia xU Fl fhyF kf
Kiw KjL brwd. lij uju
it l vg (F.D.).
F : fhy ms FWajhfnth ljhfnth
Ufyh. it bjhif fhynfg to j
mfF.

(ii) bjhl it l
uju itF KY khwhdJ bjhl itghF.
l xbthU khjK xU Fl bjhifia xUt j
trnfg Fl MLfSF bjhlahf lyh.
tf myJ mryff mj fhy Ko, gz brYatUF
mt mJtiu KjL brj mr bjhifl
toia nrJ bfhLwd. lF
bjhl it l (R.D.) vW bga.
F : bjhl it Kiw fzlgL
to, j to t fzlgLwJ.
bjhl it l Kiw to, fhy
Ko ilF bjhif Matiw fhz
cj Nuij fhngh:

133

khj jtizia
mkhjF vW
ntLkhdhY
brYjyh

to j r % F khjnjhW brYJ mr bjhif ` P I n khj

fSF brYJtjhf bfhnth.
n^ n + 1h
to = PNr , F N = 1 ;
E MLf.
2
100
12
n khjf Ko ilF bkhj bjhif A = Pn + PNr
100
vLJfhL 3.31
jU vgt uL yr %ghia 5 MLfSF xU t uju
it l KjL brwh. mt MblhWF 8 j to
jUwJ v 5 MLf Ko mtUF ilF bkhj bjhif
vts?

mr P = ` 2,00,000, n = 5 MLf, r = 8 (MblhWF)

to = Pnr
100
= 200000 # 5 # 8 = ` 80, 000
100
5 MLf Ko mt bgW bkhj bjhif
= 2,00,000 + 80,000 = ` 2,80,000.
vLJfhL 3.32
itZ vgt ` 500I xbthU khj bjhlfY X mryf 5
MLfSF brYJwh. to j 7.5 v 5 MLf Ko mt
bgW bjhif vts?

xbthU khjK brYjbgW bjhif, P = ` 500

khjf vif, n = 5 12 = 60
to j, r % = 7 1 % = 15 %
2
2
bkhj brYa bjhif = Pn = 500 60 = ` 30,000
n^ n + 1h
bjhl itfhy, N = 1 ;
E MLf
12
2
305
= 1 # 60 # 61 = 2 MLf
24
to, I = PNr
100
= 500 # 305 # 15
2
2 # 1100
= ` 5,718.75
5 MLf Ko mt bgW bjhif = Pn + PNr
100
= 30,000 + 5,718.75 = ` 35,718.75

134

tha fj

vLJfhL 3.33
h xbthU khj JtfY ` 200I X mryf 5
MLfSF brY tjh. Ko mt ` 13,830 bgwh v, to j
vd?

Kbjhif A = ` 13,830, bjhl it bjhif P = ` 200,

n = 5 12 = 60 khjf
n^ n + 1h
fhy, N = 1 ;
E MLf
12
2
1
61
305
= 12 # 60 # 2 = 2 MLf
bkhj brYa bjhif = Pn = 200 60 = ` 12,000
W ilF K bjhif = Pn + PNr
100
13,830 = 12000 + 200 # 305 # r
2
100
13830 - 12000 = 305 r
1830 = 305 r
1830
r = 305 = 6
to j = 6
3.6.1 thlif bfhKj l kW jtiz Kiwl
iwa EfnthUF tf kW Wtdf thlif
bfhKj l kW jtiz Kiw l nghwtiw mKf
brJsd.
thlif bfhKj l : l , bghU thFnthUF
xU Fl fhyF brhjkhfhJ. mt mbghU iyia tol
fodh mbghU mtUF brhjkhF.
jtiz Kiwl : bghU iyl to ju bryf
Matiw nrJ bkhj bjhifahwJ. Fl fhy bfLF
cs khjf vifah fl bjhifia tFJ tNg.
thW ilj W bjhifia jtiz vg.
rkgLjbgw khjhu jtiz Kiwl (r.kh.j.)
J jtizKiw lF izahdJ. jtiz Kiw l
gF Fiw lkhF. eh tha fl, j J to, nkY y Fl

135

flzfSl tU bkhj bjhifia brYj ntoa fhyij khjf

sh, mbjhifia rkkhf J xbthU khjK xU bjhifiabrYj
ntL. bjhifia rkgLj bgw khj jtizf (r.kh.j) vg.
mr + to

r.kh.j. = khjf vif

gntWgl jtiz Kiwlf
1. 0 to l:
FGkf 4 myJ 5 K jtizfSl y eilKiw bryfhd
bjhifia Kjnyna vLJ bfhwd.
2. 100 fl l:
FGkf mrYl, to, eilKiw bryf Matiw To
fzL.
3. jSgo gid:
FGkf ahghuij bgU bfhs jtiz Kiw f
bfhLF.
4. K gz brYJj:
xU bghU iy X gFia mbghU thFtjF K brYj
ntL. mij K gz brY bgWj vW miHfbgW.
vLJfhL 3.34
xU J JitF au mlf iy ` 18,940 MF.
jid thFtjfhd jtiz Kiw lf tU mltiz
bfhLfgLsJ.
v

(i)
(ii)
(iii)

jtiz
Kiw
lf

75
l
100
l
0
l

F
iy ( ` )

Kj
bfhLfgL
gz

to
j

nrit
fl

18,940

25

12

18,940

iy

16

18,940

4 r.kh.j.
K gz

iy

fhy

24
khjf
24
khjf
24
khjf

nkFj lf r.kh.j kW bkhj bjhifia fhf.

(i) 75 fl l

P = ` 18,940, Kj bfhLfL gz = 25, to j = 12, nrit

flz = 1

136

tha fj

nrit bry = ` 18,940 1

= 1 # 18940 = ` 189.40 = ` 189
100
Kj bfhLf ntoa gz = ` 18,940 25
= 25 # 18940 = ` 4,735
100
fl bjhif = 18,940 4,735 = ` 14,205
5 # 12
12 # 2
to = 14205
100
= ` 3,409.20 - ` 3,409
r.kh.j. =

fl bjhif + to
bkhj khjf

5+3
3409 = 17614
= 14205
24
24
= ` 733.92 - ` 734
brYj ntoa bkhj bjhif = 4,735 + 14,205 + 3,409 + 189
= ` 22,538

(ii) 100 fl l
nrit flz = ` 18,940 2
= 2 # 18940
100
= ` 378.80 - ` 379
to j = 16

16 # 2
to = 18940 # 10
100
0
= ` 6060.80 - ` 6,061

r.kh.j. =

fl bjhif + to
bkhj khjf

0+6
6061 = 25001
= 18940
24
24
= ` 1,041.708
- ` 1,042
brYjgl ntoa bkhj bjhif = 6,061 + 18,940 + 379 = ` 25,380
(iii) 0 to l
eilKiw bry = ` 18,940 2
=

2 # 18940
100

= ` 378.80 - ` 379

137

r.kh.j. =

bkhj bjhif
bkhj khjf

0 + 0 = 18940
= 18940
24
24
= ` 789.166 - ` 789
brYj ntoa bkhj bjhif = 18,940 + 3,156 + 379 = ` 22,475
4 khj K jtiz = ` 789 4 = ` 3,156
vdnt, 0 tol f wjjhF.
vLJfhL 3.35
xU f iy ` 20,000. xU fbg bjhifia 10% tol
36 khj jtizahf juyh vwd. ij thFgt brYj ntoa
khjhu jtiz vts?

f iy = ` 20,000, to MblhWF = 10
fhy = 36 khjf (3 MLf).
10 # 3
bkhj to = 20000 # 10
100
0
= ` 6,000
brYj ntoa bkhj bjhif = 20,000 + 6,000
= ` 26,000
khjhu jtiz =

bkhj bjhif
bkhj khjf

= 26000
36
= ` 722. 22
- ` 722

g 3.6
1. ntjh ML to j 4% jU xU t ` 25,000I
2 MLfSF uju L itl KjL brjh. mJ
KotilnghJ mtUF ilF K bjhif vd?
2. MblhWF 5 to bfhLF xU t ` 75,000I
3 MLfSF uju itl KjL brjh v, mtUF
ilF K bjhif vd?
3. uh X mryf 12% to xbthU khjK ` 400I
2 MLfSF brY tjh. uL MLf Ko mtUF
ilF bjhifia fhz.

138

tha fj

4. unkZ xbthU khjK xU bjhifia X mryf 6 MLf

brY 8 to j ` 17,904 bgwh. mt xbthU khjK
brYa bjhif vts?
5. <o bjhl it khjh khj ` 700I, 6 tUlfSF xU
t brY tUwh. 6 MLf Ko mtUF ` 64,197
iljh ML to j vd?

6. xU iknuhnt Xt iy ` 6000. u ij 5 jtizf thf

idwh. mFGk ML j to 10 j mij wh,
u brYj ntoa khjhu jtiz ahJ?
7. xU Frhjd bgo iy ` 16,800. u ij 0 to
l thf Uwh. 3 khj K jtizfis jUwh.
fbg 3 eilKiw bry vLJ bfhwJ v,
24 khjfSF mt brYj ntoa khj jtizia fhz. mt
brYj ntoa bkhj bjhifia fhz.
8. X cz nkir mlf iy ` 8400. FGk xW MblhWF 5
j to j wJ. btf nkiria 10 khj jtizf
bgw idwh. mt brYj ntoa khj jtiz bkhj
bjhifia fhz.

3.7 fy khwf
eh K tFf ne khwf, v khwf g fWnsh.
tiw eh bghGJ id Tnth.
nekhw
uL msf xnu uhf mjhtJ xW mfkhFnghJ kbwhW
mfkh, myJ xW FiwnghJ kbwhW FiwJ Ujh, mit
uL ne khw csd vg.
nekhwYF vLJfhLf
1. xU Fj ntf gaz brjh, bjhiy, fhyK
nekhwyhF. Vbd bjhiy mfbk fhy mfF.
2. mrY, to nekhwyhf mikwJ. Vbd mr mfjh
to mfF.
3. bghUfis thFjY mt iyfS nekhwyhF. Vbd
bghUf mfkhf thFnghJ mj iy mfF.

139

vkhw
U msf xW mfFnghJ kbwhW mjnfg FiwJ,
xW Fiw nghJ kbwhW mjnfg mfJ U muL
msfS v khw mikJsd vnwh.
vkhwYF vLJfhLf
1. ntiy brnth vif, fhyK v khwyhF. Vbd
Mf mfjh, mtf ntiy brJ Kof ntoa fhy
Fiw.
2. xU Fl bjhiy ntfK fhyK vkhwyhf mik.
Vbd ntfij mfjh, xU Fl bjhiyit mil
fhy FiwwJ.
3. kf bjhif mfjh, X U cs cz ms Fiw.
vdnt cz ms kf bjhif ms v khwyhF.

fy khw
xU y fzFf uL myJ mjF nkgl khwf tU.
thW miktij fy khw vg.
U khwf fyJ tU mikfis tU mltiz Fl
bgWsd:
khw I
nekhw
vkhw
nekhw
vkhw

khw I I
nekhw
vkhw
vkhw
nekhw

fy khwfis g mJ bfhs y fzFfis brJ ghngh.

vLJfhL 3.36
112 sKs xU Rtiu, 20 Mf 6 ehf fo Kojh, nj
khahf 25 Mf 3 ehf vts s Rtiu fo Kog?

Kiw 1: fz 3 mik khf csd. Mf vif,

ehf, Rt s.
Mf
vif
20
25

ehf

Rt s (l)

6
3

112
x

140

tha fj

go 1 : Mf vifia, Rt sij vLJ bfhnth.

Mf vif 20UJ 25 Mf caU bghGJ flgL Rt sK
mfF. vdnt J ne khw csJ.
vdnt, 20 : 25 :: 112 : x

...... (1)

go 2 : ehfis, Rt sij vLJ bfhnth. ehf 6 UJ

3 Mf Fiw bghGJ, Rt s Fiw. vdnt J ne khwyhF.
vdnt, 6 : 3 :: 112 : x

..... (2)

(1) I, (2) I izJ tUkhW mikfyh.

20 : 25
1 S 112 : x
6:3
X j rk, nfho (fil) cWf bgUfgy, il
cWf bgUf gyDF rk vW eh mnth.
nfho cWf

vdnt,

il cWf

20

25 :: 112

nfho cWf
x

= 25 # 3 # 112
x = 25 # 3 # 112 = 70 lf
20 # 6

20 # 6 # x

Kiw 2
Mf
vif
20
25

ehf

Rt s (l)

6
3

112
x

go 1: Mf vifia, Rt sij fU bfhnth.

Mf vif 20UJ 25Mf mfF bghGJ, Rt sK
mfF. vdnt J nekhwyhF.
jF bgUffhu = 25
20
go 2: ehf vifia, Rt sij fU bfhnth.
ehf vif 6UJ 3Mf FiwbghGJ, Rtf sK Fiw.
vdnt J nekhwyhF.
3
jF bgUffhu = 6
x = 25 # 3 # 112 = 70 lf.
20 6

141

vLJfhL 3.37
6 Mf xU ntiyia ehbshWF 10 k neu ntiy brJ,
24 ehf Kog. 9 Mf, ehbshWF 8 k neu ntiy brjh,
vjid ehf mntiyia Kog?

Kiw 1: fz 3 mik khf csd. Mf vif,

xU eh ntiy br neu kW ehf
Mf
vif
6
9

xU eh ntiy
br neu
10
8

ehf
24
x

go 1 : Mf vifia, ehfis fz vLJ

bfhnth. Mf vif 6UJ 9 Mf mfFbghGJ, ehf
vif Fiw. vdnt J v khw MF.
vdnt j rk 9 : 6 :: 24 : x ..... (1)
go 2 :

xU eh ntiy br neuij, ehfis fz

vLJ bfhnth. xU eh ntiy br neu fhy ms 10UJ
8Mf FiwbghGJ, ehf vif mfF. J v khw
mikJsJ.
vdnt j rk 8 : 10 :: 24 : x ..... (2)
(1) I, (2) I izJ tUkhW vGjyh
9:6
1 : : 24 : x
8 : 10
nfho cWf bgUfgy il cWf bgUfgyDF
rk vgij eh mnth.
nfho cWf

vdnt,

il cWf

6 : : 24

10

9 8 x = 6 10 24
10 # 2
24
x = 6 # 10
9#8

= 20 ehf.

142

nfho cWf
:

tha fj

F : 1. nekhwiy neha mFah ( . ) Fnwh .

2. v khwiy nk neha mFah ( - ) Fnwh .
3. bgUf fhufis, mFfis gagL vGjyh.
mF jiyf cs vfis bjhFahf, th
gF cs vfis gFahf vLJ bfhnth.
Kiw 2F nkfl Ffis gagLJnth
Kiw 2 :
Mf
vif
6
9

xU eh ntiy
br neu
10
8

ehf
24
x

go 1 : Mf vifia, ehfis fz vLJ

bfhnth. ntiy br Mf vif 6UJ 9 Mf caUbghGJ,
ehf vif Fiw. J vkhw csJ.
bgUffhu = 6
9
go 2 : xU eh ntiy br fhyij, ehfis fz vLJ
bfhsnth. xU eh ntiy br fhy ms 10UJ 8Mf Fiw
bghGJ, ehf vif mfF. J vkhw csJ.
bgUffhu = 10
8
x = 6 # 10 # 24 = 20 ehf.
9
8

g 3.7
1. 12 jrf ehbshWF 10 k neu ntiy brJ y ku ntiyfis
18 ehf brJ Kowd. nj ntiyia 15 jrf ehbshWF
6 k neu ntiy brjh vjid ehf brJ Kog?
2. 80 jha auf xnu khahd 4800 ifngfis 6 k
cg brwd. xU jha au, xU k neu vjid
ifngfis cg br? 25 jha auf 5 k neu
vjid ifngfis cg br?
3. 14 mR nfhgtf, 5 k neu xU jf 70 gffis
Kog. 9 k neu, 100 gffis Kof vjid mR
nfhgtf njit?
4. 2400 r. yij 12 ntiyahf 10 ehf cGJ Kog. 5400 r.
yij 18 ehf cGtjF vjid ntiyahf njit?

143

5. Rth xU ehSF 4 k neu ntiy brJ, 5 nriyfSF 18 ehf

vuhl ntiy brJ Kogh. mt 10 nriyf vuhl
brtjF ehnjhW 6 k neu ntiy brjh, vjid ehf
ntiyia brJ Kogh?
6. ` 2500I t 6 khjfSF brYdh t ` 100I toahf
jUwJ. ` 3200I mnj to j, 9 khjf brYdh, ilF
to vdthf UF?

3.8 fhy kW ntiy

gy Mf br ntiyia eh xLbghGJ, mtf xU eh
br ntiyia ma ntosJ. fhyK ntiy vkhwyhF. vdnt
mf Mf xU ntiyia br bghGJ mntiy u Ko, Fs
fzFis F bghGJ eh tUtdtiw id bfhs ntL.
1. xUt xU ntiyia n ehf Kojh, xU eh 1 ntiyia
n
Kogh. vLJfhlhf, xUt xU ntiyia 4 ehf Kojh,
mt xU eh mntiy 1 ghf brJ Kogh.
4
2. xUt X eh KoF ntiy gF bfhLf bgwh,
mntiy Kof MF bkhj ehf =

1
xU eh ntiy

vLJfhlhf, xUt xU eh 1 ghf ntiy brjh, mt

10
mntiyia =

1 = 1 # 10
= 10 ehf Kogh.
1
1
` 10 j

vLJfhL 3.38

A vgt xU ntiyia 20 ehfY, B vgt mnj ntiyia 30

ehfY brJ Koghf. mUtU nrJ mntiyia brJ Kof
vjid ehf MF?

1
1
xU eh A br ntiy = 20 ; xU eh B br ntiy = 30
xU eh A, B UtU nrJ br ntiy
= 1 + 1
20 30
3+2
5 = 1
= 60 =
gF ntiy
60 12
A, B UtU nrJ mntiyia, 1 = 12 ehf brJ Kog.
1
12

144

tha fj

vLJfhL 3.39
xU ntiyia A, B UtU nrJ 8 ehf Kog. A kL
mntiyia 12 ehf Kogh. B kL mntiyia vjid ehf
Kogh?

1
8 ghf
1
xU eh A kL br ntiy =
12 ghf
1 - 1 = 3-2
xU eh B kL br ntiy =
= 1
8 12
24
24
B kL mntiyia brJ Kof MF fhy = 1 = 24 ehf.
1
24
vLJfhL 3.40

A, B UtU nrJ xU eh KoF ntiy =

A xU ntiyia 12 ehf brJ Kogh. B mnj ntiyia 20 ehf

brJ Kogh. A, B UtU nrJ mntiyia 3 ehf brjd. A
brW lh. ntiyia B vjid ehf Kogh?

1
A xU eh KoF ntiy = 12

B xU eh KoF ntiy =
A, B UtU nrJ xU eh KoF ntiy =
=

A, B UtU nrJ 3 eh KoF ntiy =

jKs ntiy =
jKs ntiyia B Kof MF ehf =

1
20
1 + 1
12 20
5+3 = 8 = 2
60
60 15
2 # 3 = 2 ghf
15
5
1 - 2 = 3 ghf
5 5
3
5 = 3 # 20 = 12 ehf
1
5
1
20

jKs ntiyia 12 ehf B brJ Kogh.

vLJfhL 3.41

A, B UtU xU ntiyia 12 ehf brJ Kog. B, C mnj ntiyia

15 ehf brJ Kog. C, A mnj ntiyia 20 ehf brJ Kog.
_tU nrJ kW jjahf mntiyia vjid ehf brJ
Kog?

A, B xU eh br ntiy =
145

1 ghf
12

xU eh (A+B)+(B+C)+(C+A) br ntiy

xU eh (2A + 2B + 2C) br ntiy

xnu eh 2(A + B + C) br ntiy

1 ghf
15
1
20 ghf
1 + 1 + 1
12 15 20
5+4+3
60
12
60 ghf

xnu eh A, B, C KoF ntiy

1 # 12 = 1 ghf
2 60 10

B, C xU eh br ntiy =
C, A xU eh br ntiy =

` _tU nrJ mntiyia 10 ehf Kog.

A xU eh br ntiy
mjhtJ [(A + B + C)f 1 eh ntiy - (B + C) f 1 eh ntiy]
=

1 - 1 = 3-2 = 1
10 15
30
30

` A mntiyia jna 30 ehf Kogh.

B xU eh br ntiy
mjhtJ [(A + B + C)f 1 eh ntiy - (C + A) f 1 eh ntiy]
=

1 - 1 = 2-1 = 1
10 20
20
20

` B mntiyia 20 ehf Kogh.

C xU eh br ntiy
mjhtJ [(A + B + C)f 1 eh ntiy - (A + B) f 1 eh ntiy]
=

1 - 1 = 6-5 = 1
10 12
60
60

` C mntiyia 60 ehf Kogh.

vLJfhL 3.42

A xU ntiyia 10 ehfY, B mij 15 ehfY brJ Kog.

UtU nrJ mntiyia brJ ` 15000I <odh, mbjhifia vthW
J bfht?

146

tha fj

A xU eh br ntiy = 10 ghf
1

B xU eh br ntiy = 15 ghf
1 1
vdnt mtf ntiywf j = 10 : 15 = 3 : 2
bkhj bjhif = ` 1500
A gF = 3 # 1500
5
= ` 900

B gF = 2 # 1500
5

= ` 600
vLJfhL 3.43
xU bjhoia U FHhf jjna Kiwna 30 lf,
40 lf uwJ. kbwhU FHh ua bjhoia 24 lf
fh br. bjho fhahf UJ _W FHhfS xnu rka wJ
lglh, mbjho vjid lf u?

1
30
ulh FHh 1 l mbjhoia u ghf = 1
40
Kj FHh 1 l mbjhoia u ghf =

_wh FHh 1 l ua bjhoia fh br ghf = 1

24
xnu rka _W FHhfis wJ lh, 1 l
bjho u ghf
1
1
1
= 30 + 40 - 24
4+3-5
120
= 7-5
120
2
=
120
1
=
60
vdnt, mbjho u fhy = 1
1
60
= 60 lf
=

1 k

147

g 3.8
1. X M xU ntiyia 4 ehf brJ Kogh. Mdh xU bg
mnj ntiyia 12 ehf brJ Kogh. UtU nrJ ntiy
brjh, mntiyia vjid ehf brJ Kog?

2. uL Wtf xU ntiyia nrJ br bghGJ, 10 ehf

Kog. Kj Wt mntiyia jna 15 ehf Kojh,
ulh Wt jna mntiyia vjid ehf brJ
Kogh?

3. A, B, C vw _t xU ntiyia Kiwna 8, 12, 16 ehf Koghf.

A, B UtU nrJ mntiyia 3 ehfSF brjd. d
B yFwh, C nrUwh v, A, C Ma UtU nrJ
mntiyia vjid ehf Koghf?

4. A vw FHh xU bga ghuij jna 10 lf u. B

vw FHh mnj ghuij jna 20 lf u. us
mghuij C vw FHh 15 lf fh br. Mug
ghu fhahf UJ, _W FHhfis wjh, mghu
ug vts neukhF?

5. A xU ntiyia 20 ehfY, B mnj ntiyia 3 ehfY Kog.

UtU nrJ ntiy brJ, mntiyia KoJ ` 600I jf
tUthahf bgwd v mtf xbthUtU bgW bjhif
vts?

6. A, B, C vg xU ntiyia Kiwna 12, 24, 8 ehf Koghf.

_tU nrJ xU eh ntiy brjd. C y Lwh v,
A, B UtU jKs ntiyia Kof vLF ehf vjid?

7. xU FHh fhahf cs bjhoia 15 lf u. kbwhU FHh

us mbjhoia 20 lf fh br. Mug
bjho fhahf UJ, U FHhfS xnu neu wJ lglh,
mbjho vts lf u?
RUf FpL: m.. = mlf iy, .. = gid iy,
F.. = Fj iy,

P = mr, r = to j, n = fhy ms,

A = TLj, C. I. = TL to

148

tha fj

rjj vgJ WF vW bghUgL. 100I gFahf bfhl

d rjj vdgL.
yhg ilF Niy
yhg = .. - m..;
yhg %
.. = ` 100 +
j # m.. ;
100

yhg
100
yhg rjj =
m..
100
m.. = `
j # ..
100 + yhg %

el Mw Niy
el = m.. - .;

el rjj =

el
m.. 100

el %
100
. . = ` 100 +
j # m.. ; m.. = ` 100
j # ..
100
+ el %
Fj iy J jh jSgo bragL.

Fj iyUJ jSgoia fJ ilF bjhif w

iyahF.
jSgo = F.. - ..
100

F.. = 100 - jSgo .. ; .. =

100 - jSgo
F..
100

100 - jSgo
100 + yhg
; F.. =

F..
m..
100 + yhg
100 - jSgo
jSgo
(F : m.. = mlf iy,
100
jSgo rjj =
F..
.. = gid iy, F.. = Fj iy)

m.. =

n
(i) MblhWF to nrF Kiw, A = P `1 + r j
100

2n
(ii) miuahLF xUKiw to nrF Kiw, A = P 81 + 1 ` r jB

2 10
100
0
4n
(iii) fhyhLF xU Kiw to nrF Kiw, A = P 81 + 1 ` r jB
4 100
100

(F: P = mr, r = to j, n = fhy ms, A = TLj, C. I. = TL to)

n
n
ts, A = P `1 + r j ; , A = P `1 - r j
100
100
uL MLf TL toF j toF
2
cs ahr = P ` r j
100
100

A xU eh ntiy =

mntiyia Kof A vLJ bfhS ehf

x ehf KoF ntiy= xU eh ntiy x.

149