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TOPOGRAPHIC OF SENSORIC DISTRIBUTION (DERMATOME, MYOTOME, SCLEROTOME)

1. DERMATOME

Source : Atlas of Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology Frank H. Netter Clinical Neuroanatomy 25th edition

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The sensory component of each spinal nerve is distributed to a dermatome, a well-defined segmental portion of the skin (Fig 58).

The dermatomes for C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1 are confined to the arm, and the C4 and T2 dermatome are contiguous over the anterior trunk. The thumb, middle finger, and fifth digit are within the C6, C7, and C8 dermatomes, respectively. The nipple is at the level of T4. The umbilicus is at the level of T10.

The territories of dermatomes tend to overlap, making it difficult to determine the absence of a single segmental innervation on the basis of sensory testing (Fig 59).

Source : Atlas of Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology Frank H. Netter Clinical Neuroanatomy 25th edition

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2.

MYOTOMES

The term myotome refers to the skeletal musculature innervated by motor axons in a given spinal root. Testing of motor functions can be very useful in determining the extent of a lesion in the nerve, spinal cord segment, or tract, especially when combined with a careful sensory examination. Most muscles, are innervated by motor axons that arise from several adjacent spinal roots. Nevertheless, lesions of a single spinal root, in many cases, can cause weakness and atrophy of a muscle. Table 52 lists segment-pointer muscles, whose weakness or atrophy may suggest a lesion involving a single nerve root or a pair of adjacent nerve roots. Table 52. Segment-Pointer Muscles.

Root C3, C4 C5 C5 C6 C7 L3, L4 L5 S1

Muscle Diaphragm Deltoid Biceps Brachioradialis Triceps Quadriceps femoris Extensor hallucis longus Gastrocnemius

Primary Function Respiration Abduction of arm Flexion of forearm Flexion of forearm Extension of forearm Extension of knee Dorsiflexion of great toe Plantar flexion

Modified, with permission, from Byrne TN, Waxman SG: Spinal Cord Compression. FA Davis, 1990.

3.

SCLEROTOME

A sclerotome is a deep somatic track that is innervated by the same signal spinal nerve and when the tissue of a sclerotome is irritated by mechanical or chemical stimuli pain is "experienced" as originating from all of the tissues that are innervated by the same nerve, or along the sclerotome. Chart shows spinal levels C-1 through S-3.

Source : Atlas of Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology Frank H. Netter Clinical Neuroanatomy 25th edition

ELKA RIFQAH

130110110148 NBSS A1

Source : Atlas of Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology Frank H. Netter Clinical Neuroanatomy 25th edition