THE DIGESTIVE

SYSTEM

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 Digestive System
2 main groups: alimentary canal, accessory
digestive organs

Functions of Digestive System

• ingestion
• mechanical digestion
• chemical digestion
• propulsion
• absorption
• defecation
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 Digestive System

Organs of the alimentary canal:

•Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small
intestine, large intestine

Organs of the accessory digestive organs:

•Teeth, tongue, gallbladder
•Numerous digestive glands: salivary glands,
liver, pancreas

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Major Organs

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Alimentary Canal

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 Movements of the Tube
• mixing movements
• peristalsis

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 Oral Cavity

• ingestion

• mechanical
digestion

• prepares food
for chemical
digestion

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Salivary Glands

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Pharynx & Larynx

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Esophagus

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Stomach

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Lining of Stomach

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 Gastric Secretions

• pepsinogen
• from chief cells • mucus
• inactive form of pepsin • from goblet cells and
mucous glands
• pepsin • protects stomach wall
• from pepsinogen
• protein splitting enzyme • intrinsic factor
• from parietal cells
• required for vitamin B12
• HCl
absorption
• from parietal cells
• needed to convert
pepsinogen to pepsin

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Pancreas

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 Pancreatic Juice

• pancreatic amylase – splits glycogen

into disaccharides
• pancreatic lipase – breaks down
triglycerides
• trypsin, chymotrypsin, and
carboxypeptidase – digest proteins
• nucleases – digest nucleic acids

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Liver

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Hepatic Lobule

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 Liver Functions

1) metabolic regulation
2) hematological regulation
3) synthesis and secretion of bile

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Gallbladder

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Three Parts of Small Intestine

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 Secretions of
Small Intestine
• peptidase – breaks down peptides into amino
acids
• sucrase, maltase, lactase – break down
disaccharides into monosaccharides
• lipase – breaks down fats into fatty acids and
glycerol
•cholecystokinin –stimulates pancreas to release
enzymes in pancreatic juice, stimulates gallbladder
to release bile

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Large Intestine

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Functions of Large Intestine

Major functions:
2) Reabsorption of water and electrolytes
 compaction of intestinal contents
into feces
3) Absorption of important vitamins
4) Storing of fecal material

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 Feces

• water
• electrolytes
• mucus
• bacteria
• bile pigments altered by bacteria
provide color
• smell produced by bacterial
compounds
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