Born-Haber Cycles

Calcium chloride
(g) first electron affinity (g)

Ca2+(g) + 2e- + 2Cl

enthalpy H

H
H H Ca

bond energy of chlorine

Ca2+(g)

2e-

+ Cl2

2 x H Ca2+

(g)

+ 2Cl-

(g)

second ionisation energy (g)

Ca+(g) + e- + Cl2 + Cl2

first ionisation energy (g) (g)

H lattice association

H atomisation Ca (s) + Cl2 H

formation

(g)

CaCl2

(s)

Born-Haber Cycles

Calcium chloride
(g) first electron affinity (g)

Ca2+(g) + 2e- + 2Cl

enthalpy H

H
H H Ca

bond energy of chlorine

Ca2+(g)

2e-

+ Cl2

2 x H Ca2+

(g)

+ 2Cl-

(g)

second ionisation energy (g)

Ca+(g) + e- + Cl2 + Cl2

first ionisation energy (g) (g)

H lattice association

H atomisation Ca (s) + Cl2 H

formation

(g)

CaCl2

(s)

Apply Hesss Law to calculate HLattice Energy for CaCl2 setting out the values in a methodical manner: 1 = 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7

-796 = +178 + 590 + 1145 + 242 + (2x-364) + HLE

-796 = + 1427 + HLE HLE = - 796 - 1427 = - 2223 kJ mol-1

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