37

Sbd ArQ
pdw pihlw: qwqI vwau...duKu lgY n BweI]1]

1H sksh tkT[ L sZsh tk:{, row jtk. r[opkDh ftZu @sksh

tkT[# dk noE j? nkXh, fpnkXh, T[gkXh
fe;wK d/ o'r.
(T) nkXh - wB dk d[yZ , fuzsk, fceo iK ;'u
ekoB d[yh.
(n) fpnkXh - fe;/ tZb_' bkJ/ d'F, ebze iK
wkB;e d[yZ ftZu cZ; ikDk.
(J) T[gkXh - MrVkb{ fposh, fBZeh-fBZeh rZb
s/ MrV/ eoB dk ;[Gkn.
2H gkopqjw L gko O pqjw, @gko# dk noE j? @go/# ns/
@pqjw# dk noE j? oZp fi; B/ fJj pqfjwzv
;kfink j? - irs s_' go/ (fJ; dk Gkt
f;qFNh s'_ go/ Bjh_ b?Dk pbfe fJ; d[BhnK
38 ihtB iku dk ]}kBk

ftZu i' o'r nkXh, fpnkXh, T[gkXh iK oi',

sw', ;s', wkfJnk o{g ftZu tkgo oj/ jB,
T[BKQ o'rK d/ ;z;ko ;w[zdo tkb/ irs s'_
go/ Gkt fJj o'r T[; (gkopqjw) ~ tkgod/
Bjh_ jB. irs dk wsbp fJj G"fse
ns/ G[rb' e d[BhnK Bjh_ b?Dk pbfe wkfJnk
o{gh o'r b?Dk j?, fJ;/ ~ ;z;ko nkfynk
iKdk j?).
3H ;oDkJh L FoD ftZu (jZd pzdh, dkfJok iK j}{oh).
4H uT[frod L uko/ gkf;T[&I fxfonk j'fJnk.
5H okw eko L @okw# dk Gkt noE j? ofwnk j'fJnk Gkt
oZp ih Gkt ;fsr[o (;Zuk frnkB). @eko#
dk wsbp j? beho (boundary). fJZE/
okw d/ @w# ~ n"e_ V Bjh_ j? Gkt fJj BKt
(noun) Bjh_ j?, Bk jh fJe tuB j?. fJ;
bJh fJ; dk Gkt ;G irQk @jk}o Bk}o
oZp ih# j?. fJ; eoe/ fJ; dk noE @oZp
dh eko# b?Dk j? Gkt oZp dh jk}o
Bk}osk (omnipresence). (eJh ;ZiD fJ;
dk noE T[j @eko# (beho) ;wM b+d/ jB
i' owkfJD d/ w[skpe bSwD B/ ;hsk d/
joB j'D s'_ gfjbK ;hsk ~ ;[us/ eoB
tk;s/ fyZuh ;h go ;wMBk j? fe T[j
 ;fsr[o g{ok G/fNnk fifB 39

beho bSwD ih tZb_' fyZuh rJh ;h Bk fe

okw ih tZb_' feT[âfe okw ih sK T[&EZ / w"i{d
jh Bjh_ ;B.)
6H d[y[ L fJ; dk noE ;ohoe o'r iK d[oxNBk
Bjh_ pbfe fpnkXh o{gh @sZsh tkT[# dk d[yZ
b?Dk j?. @d[y#[ d/ @y# EZb/ n"&eI V j? fJ;
bJh fJj fJe tuB j?.
pdw rhwau : siqguru pUrw..eykw ilv lweI]1]
7H ;fsr[o[ L @;fs# dk Gkt j? @;Zuk#, @r[o# dk Gkt j?
@frnkB#. fJZE/ @;fsr[o#[ dk Gkt @;Zuk frnkB#
ns/ @oZp ih# dk obtK noE b?Dk j? feT[âfe
r[opkDh ftZu eJh irQk g{ok ;fsr[o iK g{ok
r[o{ e/tb oZp ih ~ jh fejk frnk j?. f;qFNh
ftZu ;G irQk oZp ih dk jh j[ew, fB:w,
fBozso (nN[NZ ) uZbdk j?. r[opkDh ftZu
nkT[d_ k j? @@G[bD nzdfo ;G[ e' nG[b[ r[o{
eosko[## (gzBk 61). fJ; nB[;ko g{oB ;Zuk
frnkB (r[o{) oZp ih nkg jh jB.
8H G/fNnk L G/N_ j'Jh Gkt fwb frnk.
9H fifB L fi; B/ Gkt g{ok ;fsr[o. @B# ~ f;jkoh
do;kT[d
_ h j? fe @fifB#, ;fsr[o[ bJh jh
nkfJnk j?.
 40 ihtB iku dk ]}kBk

10H pDs L nkXhnK, fpnkXhnK, T[gkXhnK ns/

pDkJh fe;/ th fteko o{gh o'rK ~ fwNkT[D dh
seBhe (technique), pDso, sohek, T[gkT[
iK jZb.
11H okw Bkw[ L (okw O Bkw - ofwnk j'fJnk oZp ih dk
Bkw) fJZE/ oZp ih dk Bkw BKt (Noun)
o{g ftZu Bjh_ b?Dk pbfe @g{o/ ;fsr[o dk
frnkB# b?Dk j?.
12H nT[yX[ L dtkJh Gkt frnkB o{gh dko{ iK dtkJh.
13H okw Bkw[ L @g{oB ;Zu/ frnkB# o{gh dtkJh,
nT[yX[ (permanent solution).

pdw dUjw : rwiK lIey....pRB Bey shweI]2]

14H fpnkfX L d[yZ , o'r, ;zskg, ebze, d'F.
15H GJh L j' rJh.
16H ;jkJh L wddrko.
Sbd ivcwr
fJj Fpd fpbktb okr #u @wjbk-™# Gkt r[o{
noiB gksFkj tZb_' ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp d/ gzBk BzL 819 s/
nzfes j?. fit/_ fe n;h_ ;ko/ ikDd/ jK fe Fpd ftZu @ojkT[#
tkbhnK s[eK Fpd dk X[ok, GktnoE (central idea) j[zdhnK
jB. fJ; Fpd dk @ojkT#[ j? L
 ;fsr[o g{ok G/fNnk fifB 41

siqguru pUrw ByitAw ijin bxq bxweI ]

rwm nwmu AauKDu dIAw eykw ilv lweI ]1] rhwau ]
;k~ jw/Fk fJ; rZb dk fynkb oZyDk ukjhdk j?
fe fiZE/ @ojkT[# fbfynk j[zdk j? T[; s'_ gfjbh tkbh gzesh
@ojkT[# tkbh j[zdh j? Bk fe T[; s'_ nrbh gzesh. fJ; Fpd
d/ @ojkT[# dh gzesh d/ Gkt noE jB, T[j oZp o{g g{oB
frnkB tkbk ;fsr[o{ fwb frnk j?. fJ; Fpd dk @ojkT[#
;wMD bJh ;k~ ;G s'_ gfjbK @pDs pDkJh# ;wMDk
ukjhdk j?. oZp ih B/ id'_ s'_ f;qFNh ;kih j? fJ; ftZu
nkgDk j[ew, fB:w th jo irQk ubkfJnk j'fJnk j? Gkt
fB:wK (j[ewK) ~ jh r[owfs f;XKs nB[;ko oZp dh jk}o
Bk}osk wzfBnk iKdk j? ns/ fJ; f;qFNh ftZu wkfJnk th
toskJh j'Jh j? Gkt fdB Bkb oks j?, ][Fh Bkb |wh j?,
fwbkg Bkb ftS'Vk j? ns/ fJ;/ soQK ;[yZ Bkb d[yZ j?. ;'
nkgD/ fB:wK ftZu fiZE/ wB[yZ tk;s/ SZsh gdkoE tosD bJh
pDkJ/ jB, T[&EZ / Bkb jh wkfJnk o{gh, ftekoK o{gh, d[yZ Gkt
o'r th fybko/ j'J/ jB. fIiEZ / fJj @wkfJnk# oZph fB:wK d/
nXhB tkgodh j? T[&EZ / Bkb jh fJBQK wkfJnk o{gh o'rK s'_
puD dk T[gkn (solution) Gkt g{oB frnkB th fNek fdZsk
j?. fJ; g{oB frnkB ~ jh pkDh ftZu @;fsr[o[ g{ok#, @g{ok
;fsr[o#, @;Zuk ;fsr[o# nkfynk j? ns/ r[opkDh okjh_ fJ;
gZy ~ pj[s uzrh soQK y'bQ e/ ;wMk fdZsk j? fe ;fsr[o e'Jh
;oho Gkt wB[yZ Bjh_ j' ;edk feT[âfe ;oho gzi G{se j?,
gziK sZsK dk pfDnk j? ns/ fJe fdB fpB; th ikJ/rk. i'
 42 ihtB iku dk ]}kBk

gziK sZsK dk pfDnk ;oho j? T[; ~ @wkfJnk# }o{o ftnkgdh

j?, T[; T[&sZ / @fteko# }o{o n;o eod/ jB sK jh r[o{
gksFkj B/ ;{jh okr ftZu T[ukfonk j?, @@;fsr[o[ w/ok
;dk ;dk Bk nkt? Bk ikfJ.. Uj[ nfpBk;h g[oy[ j? ;G
wfj ofjnk ;wkfJ..•—..## (gzBk 759) fJ; bJh @;fsr[o
g{ok# Gkt T[j ;Zuk frnkB i' F[o{ s'_ ;Zu j?, id'_ s'_ f;qFNh
pDh j? s/ id'_ sZe f;qFNh oj/rh, ;Zu jh oèrk.@g{ok frnkB#
(;Zuk ;fsr[o) ;dk bJh ekoro jh oj/rk ns/ wB[yZ ~
ftekoK s'_ w[esh dk okj dZ;dk oj/rk. i/eo n;h_ wzBd/ jK
fe ;koh f;qFNh ftZu ;[yZ -d[yZ , fdB-oks, c[bZ s/ ezv,/ ;G e[M
oZp ih d/ pDkJ/ j'J/ jB sK fJ; f;qFNh ftZu wkfJnk ekoB
tkgo oj/ o'rK s'_ S[Nekok gkT[D bJh oZp ih B/ F[o{ s'_ jh
g{oB ;Zuk frnkB th feogk (gq;kd) eoe/ p]F fdZsk j?,
fi; ~ r[opkDh ftZu @r[o gq;kfd# efjzd/ jB. ;' i/eo oZp
ih B/ wB[yZ d/ tosD tk;s/ wkfJnk pDkJh j? sK wB[yZ fJ;
wkfJnk ftZu yuZs j'D ekoB nkXhnK, fpnkXhnK, T[gkXhnK
tor/ o'rK dk fFeko j' iKdk j? go Bkb'_ - Bkb wB[yZ T[&sZ /
feogk eoe/ g{oB frnkB dh pDs th pDk fdZsh j? sK fe
wB[yZ fJBQK o'rK s'_ ghVs j'D s'_ pu ;e/. ;' @ojkT[# ftZu
dZf;nk j? fe oZp ih ;G irQk @jk}o-Bk}o# j' e/, nkgD/
fB:wK ftZu nkg jh nkgDh f;qFNh ftZu ;[yZ s/ d[yZ , ][Fh s/
|wh, fwbkg s/ ftS'Vk pDkT[d _ / jB. fJZE/ @ojkT[# ftZu fJj
;wMkfJnk frnk j? fe fi; oZp ih B/ ;koh f;qFNh dh @pDs
pDkJh# j? T[BKQ B/ w?~ ;fsr[o o{gh g{oB frnkB Bkb fwbtk
 ;fsr[o g{ok G/fNnk fifB 43

fdZsk j?. T[;/ oZp ih B/ fJ; f;qFNh ftZu takgo oj/ wkfJnk
o{gh o'rK s'_ puD dh pDs th pDkJh j?. @@okw Bkw[
nT[yX[ dhnk J/ek fbt bkJh## fJ; eoe/ T[BKQ B/ w?~ o'rK
s'_ puD bJh @okw Bkw[# Gkt @;fsr[o dk frnkB# o{gh
@nT[yX[# Gkt dtkJh d/ fdZsh j? ns/ w?~ ;wMkfJnk j?
@J/ek fbt bkJh# Gkt j/ wB[yZ ! s{z jw/Fk fJ; ;Zu/ frnkB
Bkb fJefwe ofjDk j?.nkgD/ ihtB d/ jo/e gb ftZu fJ;
g{oB frnkB ~ tos e/ fteko o{gh o'rK s'_ puDk j?.
pdw pihlw : qwqI vwau... duKu lgY n BweI]1]
fJ; Fpd ftZu r[o{ ;kfjp ;wMk oj/ jB fe id'_
wB[yZ ~ g{oB ;fsr[o (frnkB) nB[;ko, jo gb fiT{Dk nk
iKdk j? sK T[; ~ wkfJnk ekoB tkgo oj/ o'rK dk d[yZ
(nkXh, fpnkXh, T[gkXhl oi', sw', ;s'l ekw, eqX' , b'G, w'j,
jzeko tor/ o'rK dk d[yZ ) Bjh_ bZrdk feT[âfe ;Zu/ frnkB
dh uko/ gk;/ @okw eko# Gkt tkV (fence) pD iKdh j?.
wB[yZ nkgD/ nkg ~ jw/Fk oZp ih dh FoB ftZu ;wMdk j?
fi; ekoB T[; ~ fe;/ fe;w d/ wkfJnk o{gh o'rK dh @sZsh
jtk# Bjh_ bZrdh. id'_ g{oB ;fsr[o (;Zu dk frnkB) fwb
g+dk j? sK wB[yZ ~ oZp ih dh ;op ftnkgesk (omnipresence)
fJ; soQK ;wM g? iKdh j? fit/_ fe oZp ih ;G irQk w"i{d
jB s/ oZp ih dh w"i{drh ~ wB[yZ , @fBowb GT#[ ;wM e/
e[dos d/ tkgo oj/ B/wK d/ nXhB fiT{D bZr g+dk j?. fJ;/
~ r[opkDh ftZu oZp ih dh @FoD# iK @@gkopqjw ;oDkJh##
efjzd/ jB.
 44 ihtB iku dk ]}kBk

pdw dUjw : rwiK lIey ......pRB Bey shweI]2]

fJ; gd/ ~ ;wMD s'_ gfjbK ;k~ @fpnkfX# pko/
;wMDk gt/rk ns/ f;ZN/ ti'_ @oyDjkfo#, @feogk# ns/ @;jkJh#
dh ;wM th nk ikt/rh.
fit/_ wB[yZ ~ nB/eK fe;wK d/ ;ohoe o'r bZrd/
jB s/ ;fji/ ;fji/ wB[yZ dk ;oho fe;/ Bk fe;/ o'r d/
ekoB ioiok j' e/ w[eZ iKdk j?, T[;/ soQK ;ohoe o'rK s'_
fJbktk wkB;e iK nkswe o'r th j[zd/ jB, fiBQK ~
nkXhnK, fpnkXhnK, T[gkXhnKl oi', sw', ;s'l ekw, e'Xq , b'G,
w'j jzeko iK fteko th efjzd/ jB. ;ohoe o'rK tKr{z fJBQK
nkswe s/ wkB;e o'rK dhnK th eJh fe;wK j[zdhnK jB.
T[BKQ eJh fe;wK ftZu_' fJ; Fpd ftZu @fpnkXh o'r# pko/ rZb
ehsh rJh j?. nkgDh ikDekoh tk;s/ fJ; Fpd ftZu n;h_
;wM oj/ jK fe @sksh tkT[# Gkt @sZsh jtk# iK d[yZ fe; ~
fejk iKdk j?.
nkw s"o s/ b'e ;wMd/ jB fe d[fBnkth XB
gdkoEK dh gqkgsh, rohph s'_ S[NZ ekok, XzfXnK ftZu tkX/,
;ohoe szdo[;sh, d[fBnkth e'Jh th ;cbsk fJj ;G uh}K
i/eo gqkgs j' ikD sK wkB' fit/_ fe @sksh tkT[# Gkt d[yZ K
s'_ pZu rJ/ ns/ oZp ih dh feogk j' rJh. fJzi th ;wfMnk
iKdk j? fe id'_ fe;/ ;z;koe w[Feb ftZu cZ; ikt' sK oZp
ih dh g{ik, T[;ss, eoweKv eoB Bkb oZp ih w[FebK s'_
puk b+d/ jB s/ b'eh_ ;wMd/ jB fJ; soQK oZp ih ;G irQk
;jkJh j' iKd/ jB.
 ;fsr[o g{ok G/fNnk fifB 45

fJ; gd/ ftZu_' ;wMDk j? fe nkswe ns/ wkB;e

d[yZ K ~ jh @fpnkXh o'r# efjzd/ jB. wB[yZ ~ oZp ih
(oZyDjko) ;Zu/ ;fsr[o d/ okjh_ @fpnkXh# s'_ oZy b+d/ jB Gkt
wB[yZ d/ ihtB ftZu_' fteko o{gh @fpnkXh# o'r fit/_ fwN jh
iKd/ jB. BkBe ih c[owkT[d _ / jB fJBQK o'rK s'_ w[es j'Dk
jh oZp ih dk ;jkJh j'Dk j? feT[âfe wB[yZ ~ ;fsr[o g{o/
d/ frnkB nB[;ko gkopqjw dh FoB ftZu fiT{Dk nk iKdk
j?. oZp ih dh ;G irQk w"i{drh ns/ jk}o-Bk}osk
(omnipresence) ;wM g? iKdh j?. id'_ wB[y Z fteko o{gh
nkXhnK, fpnkXhnK, T[gkXhnK tor/ o'rK s'_ w[es j' iKdk j?
sK n?;/ ihtB ~ r[opkDh ftZu oZp ih dh feogk dk gqshe
dZf;nk frnk j? Gkt fJBQK wkB;e iK nkswe o'rK s'_
@w[esh#, fBftosh gkT[Dk jh oZp ih dh feogk efjbkT[d _ h j?.