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Duck rice soup
be: dha: hsan pyou' . ~,_~ , ~
Tea leaf salad
le' hpe' thou' ~~~ ~
Fried rice
hta-min: jo ~..~ ~
Fried potatoes
a-lu: jo ~..~ ~
Fried noodles
hkau'-hswe: jo .~~.~ ~
Chicken curry
ce' tha: hin: _~~. . , ~
Mutton curry
hsei' tha: hin: ~~. . ~
Fish curry
nga: hin: . . , ~
Ice Cream
yei ge: moun. ._, ~
Cake
kei' moun. ~~, ~
Orange Juice
lein-mo yei ~. _ ~
Sugar cane Juice
can yei _~_ ~
Coffee
ko-hpi .~ ~
Milk
nwa: nou. . ~
Tea
le' hpe' yei ~~~_ ~
Beer
bi-ya ~
Wine
wain ~
2. Imagine that you have 3500 kyats. What would you order at the Small World Restaurant?
125
3. A) Listen to, and read along with, the following dialogue between a waiter and a patron.
A. ,.~~
hka-na. lau. hka-mya
A. Excuse me, waiter.
B. ~~
hou'-ke.
B. Yes, please.
A. .~ ~~
ko hpi ta hkwe' hka-mya
A. I want a cup of coffee.
B. .~., ~ .~ . ~~~_ .~ ~
taun:-ban ba de hka-mya ko-hpi ma shi. ba bu: le' hpe' yei do. shi. ba de
B. Sorry, sir. We do not have coffee, but we have tea.
B) Make up similar dialogues using the words and word combinations that are in the box.
1. .~ ~ ~ ~~~_ ~~
ko-hpi ta-hkwe' le' hpe' yei ta-hkwe'
2. . ~~
nwa: nou. ta-hkwe'
3. ~._ ~~ _~_ ~~
lein-mo yei ta-hkwe' - can yei ta-hkwe'
4. . , .~~ _~~. , ~..~
nga: ne. hkau'-hswe: - ce'-tha: ne. a-lu: jo
4. Listen to the following dialogue that takes place at a restaurant. Follow along in your workbook.
Pay attention to the new words. Role-play the dialogue. You can substitute some words with any food
from the Small World Restaurant menu.
A. Hello, sir. What do you want to eat?
~~ ~_ ~ ~
hou'-ke. hsa-ya ba a-lou shi. ba dha le:
B. What do you recommend?
.~.~
ba kaun: dha le:
A. We have wonderful fried chicken and noodles. They are delicious.
_~~._~ , .~~ ~ _ ~
ce' co ne. hkau'-hswe: shi. ba de thei' a-ya.-tha shi. ba de
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B. Very well. Fried chicken and noodles, please.
.~._ _~~._~ , .~~ ~
kaun: ba bi ce' co ne. hkau'-hswe: hma jin ba de hka-mya
A. What do you want to drink?
.~ ~
ba thau' hcin ba dha le:
B. A cup of tea.
~~~_ ~~
le' hpe' yei ta hkwe'
A. Any dessert?
..~.
a-hcou bwe: hma jin ba dhei: dha la:
B. Yes, I want ice cream.
._, ~
yei ge: moun. hma jin ba de
A. Here is your bill, sir.
~
bi(l) ba hka-mya
B. Can I pay with a credit card?
._~. ~_. , ..~ _~.
a-cwei: yu ka' pya: ne. pei: lou. ya. ma la:
A. Yes, you can.
~~ _~
hou'-ke. ya. ba de
Grammar note:
Verbs are not morphologically marked for tense, unlike English. Burmese does not have inflections or suffixes
to mark verbs for person, number or tense, unlike English. Statements about the present or past end with the
Present/Past Statement-ending particle ~ pronounced te/de. Explicit time phrases and time expressions or the
context determines whether a sentence is about the present or past. Present tense sentences also include
statements about habits, customs and universal truths. Statements about the future end with the Future
Statement-ending particle pronounced me.
Present tense Past Tense
I drink ca-no thau' te
(ms)
ca-ma. thau' te
(fs)
~,.~ .~~
~, .~~
I drank ca-no thau' te
(ms)
ca-ma. thau' te
(fs)
~,.~
.~~
~, .~~
You drink hka-mya: thau'
te (ms)
shin thau' te (fs)
. .~~
.~~
You drank hka-mya: thau'
te (ms)
shin thau' te (fs)
. .~~
.~~
He drinks thu thau' te .~~ He drank thu thau' te .~~
We drink ca-no dou. thau' ~,.~~ We drank ca-no dou. thau' ~,.~~
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te (ms)
ca-ma. dou.
thau' te (fs)
.~~
~,~ .~~
te (ms)
ca-ma. dou.
thau' te (fs)
.~~
~,~
.~~
You drink hka-mya: dou.
thau' te (ms)
shin dou. thau'
te (fs)
.~ .~~
~ .~~
You drank hka-mya: dou.
thau' te (ms)
shin dou. thau'
te (fs)
.~
.~~
~ .~~
They
drink
thu dou. thau' te ~ .~~ They
drank
thu dou. thau' te ~ .~~
5. Using the restaurant menu at the beginning of the lesson, tell your classmates, in Burmese, what you
ate and drank at a restaurant the last time you were there.
6. Listen and read along with the dialogue. Fill in the blanks with the missing word in English.
Check your answers with the Answer Key.
_ .~
a-yin -------- be hma sa: dha le:
-------- .~
-------- hma sa: ba de
-------- ~.~~. .~.
ta yau hte: sa: dha la:
~.~~. .. ~,.~ ~
ta yau hte: ma sa; ba bu: ca-no. ------ pa ba de
.~
thu ba sa: dha le:
.~~ , . ~
thu hkau'-hswe: ne. ------ sa; ba de
~
thu ba --------- tha le:
.~~
thu --------- thau' pa de
. ~
hka-mya: ba dha le:
128
~,.~ , ~.._~ . ~
ca-no ---------- ne. a-lu: co sa: ba de
.~~
ba thau' tha le:
~,.~ .~~
ca-no thau' pa de
7. Below are some table service items. Listen and repeat after the speaker.
Plate Bowl Cup Glass
ba-gan bya: ba-gan loun: le' hpe' yei gwe' hpan gwe'
,.~, _. ,.~, ~. ~~~_ ~ ,~
Knife Fork Spoon Napkin
da: hka-yin: zun: le' thou' pa-wa
. ~_. ~,. ~~~
8. Match the English words in the left column with the Burmese equivalents in the right column. Check
your work with the Answer Key.
1. Plate zun: A. ~,.
2. Bowl hpan gwe' B. ,~
3. Cup da: C. .
4. Glass hka-yin: D. ~_.
5. Knife ba-gan loun: E. ,.~, ~.
6. Fork ba-gan bya: F. ,.~,_.
7. Spoon le' thou' pa-wa G. ~~~
8. Napkin le' hpe' yei gwe' H. ~~~_ ~
129
9. Listen to the following model. Repeat after the speaker. Compose similar sentences using the
words in the box below the model.
MODEL:
A. ~,.~ ~,. . ~,. ~.. _~.
ca-no. hma zun: ma shi. ba bu: zun: ta hcaun: ya. nain ma la:
I do not have a spoon. Can I have a spoon?
B. ~~ ~,. ~..
hou'-ke. hka-mya di hma zun: ta hcaun: ba
Yes, of course. Here you are.
1. napkin le' thou' pa-wa ~~~
2. cup le' hpe' yei gwe' ~~~_ ~
3. fork hka-yin: ~_.
4. knife da: .
5. glass hpan gwe' ,~
10. Listen to the speaker and circle the words you hear. Check your answers with the Answer Key.
1. I want a glass of milk / juice.
2. We drank orange juice / sugar cane juice at a restaurant.
3. Did you eat salad / noodles?
4. They ate fried potatoes and chicken / fish.
5. She had soup and hamburger / salad and beef.
6. Can I have a knife / fork?
7. He does not have a glass / plate.
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End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Say, in Burmese, what you usually eat and drink for breakfast / lunch / dinner.
2. Say, in Burmese, what you ate and drank at a restaurant the last time you were there.
3. Pretend that you are at a restaurant now. What would you say in Burmese if you wanted to eat salad
and fried potatoes? You also want a cup of coffee, and you need a fork and a napkin. What would you say
in Burmese if you did not know what to choose? Your classmate is a waiter. Role-play the dialogue.
Work in pairs or in small groups.
4. Read and translate the following text into English. Answer the questions that follow in complete
sentences, in Burmese. Check the Answer Key to review your translation and check your answers.
_ ._~~ ~ _..~ ~,.~ ~,.~ ~, ~,.~~ .~
a-yin thau'-ca ga. a-lou' pi: do. ca-no ca-no. a-kou ne. ca-no dou. mi.-ba. dwei
~ ..~~~ ._~~ ~ ~.~ ~ ..~~~.~.
ga-ba nge sa: thau' hsain gou thwa: ja. ba de ban mye'-hna-jin:-zain hma shi. de. sa: thau' hsain ga-lei: ba
.~.~ _~~._~ , .~~ .~.~ ~ _~..~ ~,.~ ~~
za-bwe:-htou: ga. ce' co a-thou' ne. hkau'-hswe: kaun: de lou. a-can pei: ba de ca-no. a-kou ga.
. , ~. .~ ~~~_ .~~ ~,.~.~ . ,
a-me: tha: ne. a-lu: sa; ba de le' hpe' yei thau' pa de ca-no. a-mei ga. hin: jou ne.
~.._~ .~ _~_ .~~ ~~ .~_ ~~, .~
hta-min: jo sa; ba de can yei thau' pa de a-hcou pwe: a-twe' sa-to-be-yi kei' moun. sa: ba de
~,.~.~ . ~.._~ , _.. .~ ~~
ca-no. a-hpei ga. a-me: tha: a-lu: jo ne. hka-yan: jin dhi: sa: ba de a-hcou bwe: a-twe'
._, ._. .~ .~~ ~,.~~ _~~. , .~ _ ~
yei ge: moun. sa: pi: ko-hpi thau' pa de ca-no ga. ce' tha: ne. a-thou' sa: ba de thei' a-ya.-tha shi. ba de
~,.~~ ._~. ~_. , ... ~,.~ .~ . ~~. ..~~~
ca-no ga. a-cwei: yu ka' pya: ne. pei: jin bei me. ca-no. a-hpei ga. ngwei le'-ngin: pei: lai' pa de
.,~ ._ .~.~
e:-di nya. ga. pyo-za-ya kaun: ba de
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Questions:
1. When did the family go to the restaurant?
. ~,.~ ..~~~ .~
mi.-dha:-zu. be doun: ga. sa: thau' hsain gou thwa: dha
le:
2. Where is the restaurant?
. .~~~ ~
sa: thau' hsain ga. be hma le:
3. What did the waiter recommend?
.~.~ .~.~~ _~..~
za-bwe: htou: ga. ba kaun: de lou. a-can pei: dha le:
4. What did my brother eat?
~,.~ ~~ .~
ca-no. a-kou ga. ba sa: dha le:
5. What did he drink?
.~~
thu ba thau' tha le:
6. Did my mother eat soup and fried rice?
~,.~ .~ . , ~.._~ .~.
ca-no. a-mei ga. hin: jou ne. hta-min: jo sa: dha la:
7. Did she drink orange or sugar cane juice?
~ ~._ ~ _~_ .~~.
thu ga. lein-mo yei da hma. ma hou' can yei thau' tha
la:
8. Did she eat ice cream for dessert?
~ ~~ ._, .~.
thu. ga. a-hcou-bwe: a-twe' yei ge: moun. sa: dha la:
9. What did my father eat?
~,.~ .~ .~
ca-no. a-hpei ga. ba sa: dha le:
10. Did he drink wine?
.~~.
thu wain thau' tha la:
11. Did my father pay with a credit card?
~,.~ .~ ._~. ~_. , ..~.
ca-no. a-hpei ga. a-cwei: yu ka' pya: ne. pei: dha la:
12. Was it a wonderful evening?
.,~ ._ .~.~.
e:-di nya. nei ga. pyo-za-ya kaun: dha la:
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Vocabulary List
Sugar cane juice can yei _~_
Bowl ba-gan loun: ,.~, ~.
Strawberry cake sa-to-be-yi kei' moun. .~_ ~~,
Coffee ko-hpi .~
Cup le' hpe' yei gwe' ~~~_ ~
Fork hka-yin: ~_.
Fried potatoes a-lu: jo ~. ._~
Glass hpan gwe' ,~
Knife da: .
Napkin le' thou' pa-wa ~~
Orange juice lein-mo yei ~._
Plate ba-gan bya: ,.~,_.
Salad a-thou'
Soup hin: jou .
Spoon zun: ~,.
Tea le' hpe' yei ~~~_
Beef a-me: tha: .
Fried rice hta-min: jo ~.._~
Here you are di hma ba
To drink / drank thau' te .~~
To eat /ate sa: de .~
Wonderful pyo za-ya kaun: de. ._ .~.~
Delicious a-ya.-tha shi. de. _ ~
Very well thei' kaun: de .~. ~
Dessert a-hcou-bwe:
Bill bi(l) ~
Wine wain
Beer bi-ya
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ANSWER KEY
Exercise 6
Where did you eat last
Sunday?
a-yin ta-nin:-ga-nwei ga. be hma sa: dha
le:
_ ~,.~ .~
I ate at a restaurant. sa: thau' hsain hma sa: ba de ..~~ .~
Did you eat alone? ta yau hte: sa: dha la: ~.~~. .~.
No, my brother was with me. ta yau hte: ma sa: ba bu: ca-no. a-kou
pa ba de
~.~~. ..
~,.~ ~ ~
What did he eat? thu ba sa: dha le: .~
He ate noodles and fish. thu hkau'-hswe: ne. nga: sa: ba de .~~ , . . ~
What did he drink? thu ba thau' tha le: .~ ~
He drank tea. thu le' hpe' yei thau' pa de ~~~_ .~~
What did you eat? hka-mya: ba sa: dha le: . . ~
I ate chicken and fried
potatoes.
ca-no ce'-tha: ne. a-lu: co sa: ba de ~,.~ _~~. , ~ .._~
.~
What did you drink? hka-mya: ba thau' tha le: . .~~
I drank coffee. ca-no ko-hpi thau' pa de ~,.~ .~ .~~
Exercise 8
1. Plate ba-gan bya: F ,.~,_.
2. Bowl ba-gan loun: E ,.~, ~.
3. Cup le' hpe' yei gwe' H ~~~_~
4. Glass hpan gwe' B ,~
5. Knife da: C .
6. Fork hka-yin: D ~_.
7. Spoon zun: A ~,.
8. Napkin le' thou' pa-wa G ~~~
134
Exercise 10
1. milk nwa: nou. .
2. sugar cane juice can yei _~_
3. noodles hkau' hswe: .~~
4. fish nga: .
5. salad and beef a-thou' ne. a-me: tha: , .
6. knife da: .
7. glass hpan gwe' ,~
End of Lesson Exercise 4
Last Friday after work, my brother, our parents, and I went to the restaurant Small World. Its a small
restaurant across from the bank. A waiter recommended we have fried chicken, salad, and pasta. My brother ate
beef and potatoes; he drank tea with sugar and lemon. My mother ate soup and a hamburger. She drank apple
juice. For dessert she had a piece of strawberry cake. My father ate beef, fried potatoes, and tomatoes. He ate a
piece of cheesecake for dessert and drank coffee. I ate chicken and salad. It was delicious! I wanted to pay with
a credit card, but my father paid cash. We had a wonderful evening.
1. When did the family go to the restaurant? The family went to the restaurant last Friday.
. ~,.~ ..~~~ .~ . _._~~ ..~~~ .~
mi.-dha:-zu. be doun: ga. sa: thau' hsain gou thwa: dha le: mi.-dha:-zu. a-yin thau'ca ga. sa: thau' hsain gou
thwa: ba de
2. Where is the restaurant? The restaurant is across from the banks
. .~~~ ~ . .~~~ ~ ~.~
sa: thau' hsain ga. be hma le: sa: thau' hsain ga. ban mye'-hna-jin:-zain hma ba
3. What did the waiter recommend? He recommended fried chicken, salad, and pasta.
.~.~ .~.~~ _~..~ ~ _~~._~ , .~~ .~.~~ _~
..~
za-bwe: htou: ga. ba kaun: de lou. a-can pei: dha le: thu ga. ce' co a-thou' ne. hkau'-hswe: kaun: de lou.
a-can pei: ba de
4. What did my older brother eat? He ate beef and potatoes.
~,.~ ~~ .~ ~ . , ~. .~
ca-no. a-kou ga. ba sa: dha le: thu ga. a-me: dha: ne. a-lu: sa: ba de
5. What did he drink? He drank tea.
.~~ ~~~_ .~~
thu ba thau' tha le: thu le' hpe' yeo thau' pa de
6. Did my mother eat soup and fried rice? Yes, she did.
~,.~ .~ . , ~.._~ .~. ~~ .~
ca-no. a-mei ga. hin: jou ne. hta-min: jo sa: dha la: hou'-ke. sa: ba de
7. Did she drink orange or sugar cane juice? She drank only sugar cane juice.
~ ~._ ~ _~_ .~~. ~ _~_ .~~
thu ga. lein-mo yei da hma. ma hou' can yei thau' tha la: thu ga. can yei be: thau' pa de
8. Did she eat ice cream for dessert? No, she had strawberry cake.
135
~ ~~ ._, .~. .. .~_ ~~, .~
thu. ga. a-hcou-bwe: a-twe' yei ge: moun. sa: dha la: ma-sa: ba bu: sa-to-be-yi kei' moun. sa: ba de
9. What did my father eat? He ate beef, fried potatoes, and tomatoes
~,.~ .~ .~ ~ . ~. , _.. .~
ca-no. a-hpei ga. ba sa: dha le: thu ga. a-me:-dha: a-lu: ne. hka-yan: jin dhi: sa: ba de
10. Did he drink wine? No, he drank coffee.
.~~. .. .~ .~~
thu wain thau' tha la: ma-thau' pa bu: ko-hpi thau' pa de
11. Did my father pay with a credit card? No, he paid cash.
~,.~ .~ ._~. ~_. , ..~. ... . ~~. ..~
ca-no. a-hpei ga. a-cwei: yu ka' pya: ne. pei: dha la: ma pei: ba bu: ngwei le'-ngin: pei: ba de
12. Was it a wonderful evening?Yes, it was.
.,~ ._ .~.~. ~~ ._ .~.~
e:-di nya. nei ga. pyo-za-ya kaun: dha la: hou'-ke. pyo-za-ya kaun: ba de
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Lesson 9
Holidays, Customs, and Cultural Traditions
.~_~. , .~~..
A:-la' ye' mya: ne. da-lei. htoun:-zan mya:
This lesson will introduce you to:
- How to read dates
- How to use ordinal numbers
- Names of the months
- Holidays, customs, and cultural traditions of Burma.
Cultural note:
The main holidays in Burma are Independence Day, which falls on January 4, Union Day, which falls on
February 12, Peasant's Day on March 2, Armed Forces Day on March 27, and Martyr's Day, which falls on July
19. Christmas is celebrated and is a public holiday, but the majority of the people are Buddhists. Major
Buddhist holidays fall on different days from one year to the next because Buddhist religious holidays are based
on the lunar calendar. Burma officially follows the Gregorian calendar, but January 1
st
is not a public holiday.
In fact, New Year's Eve is extremely quiet throughout Burma, except in hotels and restaurants which are
frequented by foreign visitors. The Burmese New Year, however, is a public holiday and usually falls on April
16. People celebrate the last three days of the old year by throwing water on everyone who is out on the streets.
Young men, women, families and children go round the major towns and cities in pickup trucks and jeeps to be
splashed with water from groups of people who gather at pandals (platforms) built especially for the festivities.
These pandals are organized and funded by neighborhood groups, private companies, and government
departments.
Burmese New Year in front of City Hall People being splashed from water hoses
Grammar note:
There are separate words for the ordinal numbers from one to ten.
"The third person" is ~~ ~ ta-ti.-ya. lu
"The second cup" is ~ ~ du.-ti.-ya. hkwe'
137
1. Listen and repeat after the speaker. Follow along in the workbook.
1 one ti' ~
first pa-hta-ma. ~
2 two hni'
second du.-ti.-ya. ~
3 three thoun: .
third ta.-ti.-ya. ~~
4 four lei: .~.
fourth sa-tou'-hta. ~~
5 five nga: .
fifth pyin-sa-ma.
6 six hcau' ._~
sixth hsa.-da-ma. ~
7 seven hkun-ni' ,
seventh tha'-ta-ma. ~
8 eight shi'
eighth a-hta-ma.
9 nine kou: ~.
ninth na-wa-ma. ,
10 ten ta-hse ~~
tenth da'-tha-ma.
2. Fill in the blanks to complete the sentences using the words located in the box. Check your
answers with the Answer Key.
~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~
pyin-sa-
ma.
du.-ti.-ya. pa-hta-ma. hsa.-da-
ma.
ta.-ti.-ya. tha'-ta-ma. sa-tou'-
hta.
tha'-ta-ma.
1.
~,~., ~ ~ ~~_ ., _~
ta-nin:-la nei. ga. a-pa' da-pa' ye. --------------- nei. hpyi' pa de
2.
., ~ ~ ~~_ ., _~
in-ga nei. ga. a-pa' da-pa' ye. --------------- nei. hpyi' pa de
138
3.
. ., ~ ~ ~~_ ., _~
bou'-da-hu: nei. ga. a-pa' da-pa' ye. --------------- nei. hpyi' pa de
4.
_~.~.., ~ ~ ~~_ ., _~
ca-dha-ba-dei: nei. ga. a-pa' da-pa' ye. --------------- nei. hpyi' pa de
5.
._~., ~ ~ ~~_ ., _~
thau'-ca nei. ga. a-pa' da-pa' ye. --------------- nei. hpyi' pa de
6.
.,., ~ ~ ~~_ ., _~
sa-nei nei. ga. a-pa' da-pa' ye. --------------- nei. hpyi' pa de
7.
~,.., ~ ~ ~~_ ., _~
ta-nin:-ga-nwei nei. ga. a-pa' da-pa' ye. --------------- nei. hpyi' pa de
Grammar note:
Burmese does not have separate words for the ordinal numbers starting from 11. From eleven and up, the word
._~ myau' comes after the cardinal number to show rank, order or position in a series. Moreover, an
appropriate counting classifier comes after the number and before myau' . For example:
"the eleventh cup of coffee" "the thirteenth person"
.~ ~ ._~ ~ .~ ._~
ko-hpi 11 hkwe' myau' lu 13 yau' myau'
coffee 11 cup myau' person 13 Class. myau'
3. Listen to the ordinal numbers 11 through 19, and repeat after the speaker. Follow along in the
workbook.
11 eleven hse. ti' ~~
eleventh hse. ti' (Clf) myau' ~~ Clf ._~
12 twelve hse. hni' ~
twelfth hse. hni' (Clf) myau' ~ Clf ._~
13 thirteen hse. thoun: ~.
thirteenth hse. thoun: (Clf) myau' ~. Clf ._~
14 fourteen hse. lei: ~.~.
fourteenth hse. lei: (Clf) myau' ~.~. Clf ._~
139
15 fifteen hse. nga: ~.
fifteenth hse. nga: (Clf) myau' ~. Clf ._~
16 sixteen hse. hcau' ~._~
sixteenth hse. hcau' (Clf) myau' ~._~ Clf ._~
17 seventeen hse. hkun-ni' ~,
seventeenth hse. hkun-ni' (Clf) myau' ~, Clf ._~
18 eighteen hse. shi' ~
eighteenth hse. shi' (Clf) myau' ~ Clf ._~
19 nineteen hse. kou: ~~.
nineteenth hse. kou: (Clf) myau' ~~. Clf ._~
20 twenty hna-hse. ~
twentieth hna-hse. (Clf) myau' ~ Clf ._~
4. Read the following ordinal numbers in Burmese.
11
th
, 13
th
, 15th, 17
th
, 19
th
, 12
th
, 14
th
, 16
th
, 18
th
5. Listen to the ordinal numbers 20-30, and repeat after the speaker.
20 twenty hna-hse ~
twentieth hna-hse (Clf) myau' ~ Clf ._~
21 twenty-one hna-hse. ti' ~~
twenty-first hna-hse. ti' (Clf) myau' ~~ Clf ._~
22 twenty-two hna-hse. hni' ~
twenty-second hna-hse. hni' (Clf) myau' ~ Clf ._~
23 twenty-three hna-hse. thoun: ~.
twenty-third hna-hse. thoun: (Clf) myau' ~. Clf ._~
24 twenty-four hna-hse. lei: ~.~.
twenty-fourth hna-hse. lei: (Clf) myau' ~.~. Clf ._~
25 twenty-five hna-hse. nga: ~.
twenty-fifth hna-hse. nga: (Clf) myau' ~. Clf ._~
26 twenty-six hna-hse. hcau' ~._~
twenty-sixth hna-hse. hcau' (Clf) myau' ~._~ Clf ._~
27 twenty-seven hna-hse. hkun-ni' ~,
twenty-seventh hna-hse. hkun-ni' (Clf) myau' ~, Clf ._~
28 twenty-eight hna-hse. shi' ~
twenty-eighth hna-hse. shi' (Clf) myau' ~ Clf ._~
29 twenty-nine hna-hse. kou: ~~.
twenty-ninth hna-hse. kou: (Clf) myau' ~~. Clf ._~
140
30 thirty thoun: ze . ~
thirtieth thoun: ze (Clf) myau' . ~ Clf ._~
40 forty lei: ze .~. ~
fortieth lei: ze(Clf) myau' .~. ~ Clf ._~
50 fifty nga: ze . ~
fiftieth nga: ze (Clf) myau' . ~ Clf ._~
60 sixty hcau' hse ._~ ~
sixtieth hcau' hse (Clf) myau' ._~ ~ Clf ._~
70 seventy hkun-hna-hse , ~
seventieth hkun-hna-hse (Clf) myau' , ~ Clf ._~
80 eighty shi' hse ~
eightieth shi' hse (Clf) myau' ~ Clf ._~
90 ninety kou: ze ~. ~
ninetieth kou: ze (Clf) myau' ~. ~ Clf ._~
100 one hundred ta ya ~_
one hundredth ta ya (Clf) myau' ~_ Clf ._~
6. Listen to the names of the months and repeat after the speaker.
January zan-na-wa-yi ~,,_
February hpei-bo-wa-yi .._
March ma' ~
April ei-pyi _
May mei .
June zun ~,
July zu-lain ~~
August o:-gou' _~
September se'-tin-ba ~~
October au'-tou-ba .~~
November nou-win-ba
December di-zin-ba ~
7. Look at the picture and say the dates and days of the week in Burmese. Practice the different dates,
days, and months throughout the year.
MODEL:
Today is the 15
th
of April, 1999. It is Thursday.
., _ _~ _~
di nei. ei-pyi hse.-nga: ye' ta-htaun. kou: ya kou: ze kou: gu. hni' hpyi' pa de
141
8. Listen as the speaker reads the following years. Repeat after the speaker.
1925-nineteen twenty-five ta htaun. kou: ya hse. nga:
gu. hni'
~.~~._~.
1900-nineteen hundred ta htaun. kou: ya hku.-hni' ~.~~._
2004-two thousand four hna htaun. lei: gu. hni' , .~.~.
Grammar note:
Burmese follows the mm/dd/year order to tell dates. For example, July 7, 1962 is:
~~ _~
zu-lain 7 ye' 1962 hku. hni'
July 7 Clf 1962 Clf year
_~ ye' is the counting classifier for days and hku./gu. is the classifier for years.
9. Read the following years in Burmese.
2001 1987 1960 1945 2000 1700 1516
10. Listen and repeat after the speaker, the names of Burmese holidays. Follow along in the
workbook.
1.Christmas the 25
th
of December hka-yi'-sa-ma'
di-zin-ba hna-hse nga: ye'
_~
~ _~
2. Independence Day the 4
th
of
January
lu'-la'-yei: nei.
zan-na-wa-yi lei: ye'
~~~._..,
~,,_ , _~
3. Union Day the 12
th
of February. pyi daun zu. nei.
hpei-bo-wa-yi hse. hna ye'
_.~.,
.. _ _~
142
4. Peasant's Day the 2nd of March taun thu le-dha-ma: nei.
ma' la. hna ye'
.~ ~. .,
~ ~ _~
5. Armed Forces Day the 27th of March ta'-ma-do nei.
ma' la. hna hse. hkun hna ye'
~.~ .,
~ ~ _~
6. Martyr's Day the 19
th
of July a-za-ni nei.
zu-lain hse. kou: ye'
~, .,
~~ _~
7. Burmese New Year the 16
th
of April hni'-hsan: ta ye'
ei-pyi hse. hcau' ye'
~,. _~
_ _~
11. Listen to the speakers talk about their dates of birth. Follow along in the workbook.
1. When were you born? 2. When were you born? 3. When were you born?
be doun: ga. mwei: dha le: be doun: ga. mwei: dha le: be doun: ga. mwei: dha le:
~,.~ ..~ ~,.~ ..~ ~,.~ ..~
I was born on the
11
th
of June, 1936.
I was born on the
31
st
of July, 1960.
I was born on the
23
rd
of January, 1987.
ca-no ga. ta htaun. kou: ya thoun:
ze hcau' hku.-hni' zun la. hse. ta ye'
nei. hma mwei: ba de
ca-no ga. ta htaun. kou: ya hcau' hse
hku.-hni' zu-lain la. thoun: ze. ta ye'
nei. hma mwei: ba de
ca-no ga. ta htaun. kou: ya shi' hse
hkun-hna hku.-hni' zan-na-wa-yi
la. hna hse. thoun: ye' nei. hma
mwei: ba de
~,.~~ ~,~
_~., ..~
~,.~~ ~~~
_~., ..~
~,.~~ . ~,,_ ~
_~., ..~
143
12. Work in pairs or in small groups. Ask your partner when he was born. Use the model below.
MODEL:
A. I was born on the 15
th
of February, 1982. When were you born?
A. ~,.~ .._ ~ _~ . ~ ..~ . ~,.~ ..~
ca-no hpei-bo-wa-yi la. hse. nga: ye' ta htaun. kou: ya shi' hse hna hku. hni' ka. mwei: ba de
hka-mya: be doun: ga. mwei: dha le:
B. I was born on the 4
th
of September, 1979.
B. ~,.~ ~~ ~ , _~ ~ ..~
ca-no se'-tin-ba la. lei: ye' ta htaun. kou: ya hkun-hna hse kou: gu. hni' ka. mwei: ba de
13. Look at the picture below and imagine that this is your family. Describe each member. Use the model
below. You can use real pictures of your family.
MODEL:
This is my younger brother. His name is He is years old. He was born on the of19
~ ~,.~ ,~ ~ , _
da ga. ca-no nyi ba thu. na-me ga. thi-ha. ba thu ga. lei: hni' shi. ba bi
~ .~~ ~ _~ . ~ ..~
thu ga. au'-tou-ba la. ta ye' ta htaun. kou: ya shi' hse hna hku. hni' ka. mwei: ba de
14. Read the following text. Answer the questions below in English. Check your work with the Answer
Key.
~,.~ ,~ ~. ~,.~~ _~ ~,.~~ _,~, .,~ ~,.~ .~
_~.~ ~,.~ ,.. .. .~ , .~ ~
ca-no. na-me ga. tin-win: ba ca-no ga. ba-ma pyei ga. ba ca-no ga. yan-goun hma nei ba de ca-no. mi-dha:-zu.
ga. ci: ba de ca-no. hma mein:-ma. tha: tha-mi: hna yau' ne. mi.-ba. dwei shi. ba de
144
~,.~~ ~ _~. ., ~ ~,.~ ,..~ ~ .~ ~ ~ _~
..~
ca-no dou. ga. ein ji: hma nei ba de ca-no. mein:-ma. ga. a-the' thoun: ze ba thu ga. nou-win-ba la. hna hse thoun:
ye' ta htaun kou: ya hkun-hna hse hku. hni' hma mwei: ba de
~ ~_, __. .~. ~~ ~,.~ ...~~ .~..~...~
thu ga. hsa-ya-wun ma. hpyi' pi: hsei:-youn hma lou' pa de ca-no. tha: tha-mi: dwei ga. caun: dhu caun: dha: dwei
ba
~ ~ .~. _~~ ~,.~ .~ _~ _~ ~ ..~
thu dou. ga. caun: hma sa thin ja. de ca-no. tha-mi: ga. ei-pyi la. hna hse. hcau' ye' ta htaun. kou: ya kou: ze hna
hku.-hni' ka. mwei: ba de
~,.~ .~ ~ ~ . ~ _~ ..~ ~,.~ .~ ~,
~ _~_ ~ .
ca-no. tha: ga. a-the' shi' hni' pa thu ga. mei la. ta ye' ta htaun. kou: ya kou: ze hcau' hku.-hni' hma mwei: ba de
ca-no. a-mei ga. a-lun a-the' ci: bi thu ga. hkun-hna hse. shi' hni' pa
~ ~ _~ ..~ ~,.~ .~ ~ _~ ~ _~
..~
thu ga. nou-win-ba la. hna hse. hna ye' ta htaun. kou: ya hna hse. hcau' hku.-hni' hma mwei ba de ca-no. a-hpei ga.
hkun-hna hse. kou: hni' pa thu ga. o:-gou' la. hna hse. nga: ye' ta htaun. kou: ya hna hse. nga: gu.-hni' hma mwei:
ba de
~ ~ ~ ~_~. ~ ~ ~_~~ __~. _~ _~~ ~ ~,.~~
...~ , ~._~~
thu dou. ga. a-lou' ma-lou' ca. ba bu: thu dou. ga. sa hpa' ca. de you'-myin-than-ca: ci. ja. de da hma. ma hou'
ca-no dou. tha: tha-mi: dwei ne. ga-za: ja de
~,.~ .~ ~, _.~. ~
ca-no. mi-tha:-zu. ga. a-lun hci'-sa-ya kaun: ba de
1. Where does the family live?
2. How old is the wife?
3. When was she born?
4. What is her occupation?
5. Where does she work?
6. How many children do they have?
7. How old is the son? When was he born?
8. How old is the daughter?
9. When was she born?
10. How old is the grandmother?
11. When was she born?
145
12. How old is the grandfather?
13. When was he born?
14. What do the grandparents do?
Cultural note:
Proper behavior and etiquette for a guest, as well as the host, depends on how formal or familiar the relationship
is. There are no set rules. If the guest is a close friend he or she will make themselves at home and help out. If
the guest is someone important he or she will be given extra attention, which is culturally universal. Hosts
usually ply their guests with food, and "have some more" is an oft-repeated expression. Birthday parties are not
very common, except for those who consider themselves westernized. Burmese Buddhists celebrate birthdays
by performing acts of merit, like going to the pagoda and offering candles and flowers, or making donations to
the home for the aged or releasing birds and fish from captivity. Clearly, the latter customs come from the
desire to have a long and healthy life. Again, the so-called westernized upper middle class and the rich hold
wedding receptions at hotels. Traditional Burmese invite people from the neighborhood as well as their friends
and colleagues, or the village, to a feast where a popular Burmese dish, "mohinga," which is rice noodles with a
spicy fish broth, is usually served. Burmese Buddhists also invite monks either to the bride or bridegroom's
house to offer lunch and hear a sermon. Although Buddhist monks offer words of advice they do not, however,
perform, or officiate at, a wedding. Monks are always invited to funerals, where the bereaved family offers
lunch and alms to the monks. This ceremony usually takes place on the seventh day after someone passes away.
Friends, relatives and neighbors drop by and again, "mohinga" is usually served.
15. Listen to the following conversation between two people. Repeat after the speakers. Follow
along in the workbook. Answer the questions that follow. Check your work with the Answer Key.
A. ~~. .,.~.~. .~ _~., ..., ~ ~
~,.~~ ~~ ~~ . ~ ~ ~
kou tin-win: nei kaun: dha la: hka-mya mei la. hcau' ye' nei. hma mwei: nei. min-ga-la bwe: shi. ba de
ca-no dou. hsi gou la le bou. hka-mya: gou hpei' hcin ba de
B. .~.~.~~ ~~. , .~.~
cei:-zu:-tin ba de kou hla.-maun be a-chein kaun: ma le:
A. . ,_ . ,_ .~~ .~.~
nga: na-yi nga: na-yi gwe: lau' kaun: ba de
B. ~ ...
ein lei' sa pei: ba oun:
A. ~ ~.
thoun: ze hni' thi-da lan: ba
B. ~ ~_~
be lou la ya. ma le:
146
A. ~. ~. ._~~~ .._. ~. ~. ._~_ ~ .
~. ~. ~. .._. ~ ~. ~ .
~,.~ ~ ~. ~ ~ ~~
lan: ma. a-tain: myau' hpe' maun: pi: ta-mwei lan: yau' yin be be' hcou: ba
ta-mwei lan: a-tain: maun: pi: du.-ti.-ya. lan: hma nya be' hcou: ba
ca-no. ein ga. lan: nya be' hma shi. de. ta-ti.-ya. ein ba
B. _~
ba yu ge. ya. ma le: hka-mya
A. ~ , .~.~~~
ba hma. ma yu la ge. ba ne. cei:-zu:-tin ba de
B. ~,.~~ ~~~ .~.~.~~
ca-no. gou hpei' hta gou cei:-zu:-tin ba de
1. What is the occasion for the invitation?
2. What is the date?
3. What time should he arrive?
4. What is the address?
5. What directions is he given to get there?
6. What should he bring?
16. Work with a partner. Invite him/her to your house to celebrate a holiday. Give him/her directions
how to get to your house. Use the dialogue above as a model.
147
End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Tell in Burmese the date when:
- you were born
- you graduated from high school
- your wedding was
- your child was born
- you joined the military
2. Give the names of Burmese holidays and tell when they are celebrated (in Burmese).
3. Invite your roommate to a Christmas party and give him/her directions how to get there.
148
Vocabulary List
first pa-hta-ma. ~
second du.-ti.-ya. ~
third ta.-ti.-ya. ~~
fourth sa-tou'-hta. ~~
fifth pyin-sa-ma.
sixth hsa.-hta.-ma. ~
seventh tha'-ta-ma. ~
eighth a'-hta.-ma.
ninth na-wa-ma. ,
tenth da'-tha-ma.
eleventh hse. ti' myau' ~~ ._~
twelfth hse. hni' myau' ~ ._~
thirteenth hse. thoun: myau' ~. ._~
fourteenth hse. lei: myau' ~.~. ._~
fifteenth hse. nga: myau' ~. ._~
sixteenth hse. hcau' myau' ~._~ ._~
seventeenth hse. hkun-ni' myau' ~, ._~
eighteenth hse. shi. myau' ~ ._~
nineteenth hse. kou: myau' ~~. ._~
twentieth hna hse myau' ~ ._~
twenty-first hna hse. ti' myau' ~~ ._~
twenty-second hna hse. hni' myau' ~ ._~
twenty-third hna hse. thoun: myau' ~. ._~
twenty-fourth hna hse. lei: myau' ~.~. ._~
twenty-fifth hna hse. nga: myau' ~. ._~
twenty-sixth hna hse.hcau' myau' ~._~ ._~
twenty-seventh hna hse. hkun-ni' myau' ~ , ._~
twenty-eighth hna hse.shi' myau' ~ ._~
twenty-ninth hna hse. kou: myau' ~ ~. ._~
January zan-na-wa-yi ~,,_
February hpei-bo-wa-yi .. _
March ma' ~
April ei-pyi _
May mei .
June zun ~,
July zu-lain ~~
August o:-gou' _~
September se'-tin-ba ~~
149
October au'-tou-ba .~~
November nou-win-ba
December di-zin-ba ~
Was born mwei: ..
To invite hpei' ~
Invitation hpei' hta ~~
Address lei'-sa ~
Drive maun: ..
Along a-tain: ~.
Turn right nya be' hcou: ~ .
Turn left be be' hcou: ~ .
Burmese conflates
"come over and visit"
la le ba ~~
Birthday mwei: nei. ...,
Birthday party mwei: nei. min-ga-la pwe: ..., ~
Wedding le' hta' min-ga-la pwe: ~~~ ~
Funeral a.-thu.-ba.
To bring yu
I want to invite you hka-mya: gou hpei' hcin
ba de
. ~ ~ ~
Christmas
the 25
th
of December
hka-yi'-sa-ma'
di-zin-ba hna-hse nga: ye'
_~
~ _~
Independence Day
the 4
th
of January
lu'-la'-yei: nei.
zan-na-wa-yi lei: ye'
~~~._..,
~,,_ , _~
Union Day
12
th
February.
pyi daun zu. nei.
hpei-bo-wa-yi hse. hna ye'
_.~.,
.. _ _~
Peasant's Day
2
nd
March
taun thu le-dha-ma: nei.
ma' la. hna ye'
.~ ~. .,
~ ~ _~
Armed Forces Day
27
th
March
ta'-ma-do nei.
ma' la. hna hse. hkun hna
ye'
~.~ .,
~ ~ _~
Martyr's Day
19
th
July
a-za-ni nei.
zu-lain hse. kou: ye'
~, .,
~~ _~
Burmese New Year
16
th
April
hni'-hsan: ta ye'
ei-pyi hse. hcau' ye'
~,. _~
_ _~
Note: Two blocks - Burmese says it differently: turn right at the second street
150
ANSWER KEY
Exercise 2
1. ~ pa-hta-ma. first
2. ~ du.-ti.-ya. second
3. ~~ ta.-ti.-ya. third
4. ~~ sa-tou'-hta. fourth
5. pyin-sa-ma. fifth
6. ~ has-hta.-ma. sixth
7. ~ tha'-ta-ma. seventh
Exercise 14
1. Yangon, Burma
2. 30
3. November 23, 1970
4. Doctor
5. Hospital
6. 2
7. 8 years old, May 1, 1996
8. 12 years old
9. April 26, 1992
10. 78
11. November 22, 1926
12. 79
13. August 25, 1925
14. Read books, watch television, and play with the grandchildren
My name is Tin Win. I am from Burma. I live in Yangon. I have a big family: a wife, two children, and my
parents. We live in a big house. My wife is 30. She was born on November 23, 1970. She is a doctor and
works at the hospital. My children are students. They study at school. My daughter was born on the April 26,
1992. My son is 8 years old. He was born on the 1
st
of May, 1996. My mother is very old. She is 78. She was
born on the 22
nd
of November, 1926. My father is 79. He was born on the 25
th
of August, 1925. They do not
work. They read books, watch television, or play with our children. I have a wonderful family.
Exercise 15
1. What is the occasion for the invitation? A birthday party.
2. What is the date? May 6.
3. What time should he arrive? 5:00 or 5:30.
4. What is the address? 32 Thida Street.
151
5. What directions is he given to get there?
Drive north on the main road to Tamwei Street and turn left. Drive along Tamwei Street two blocks and
turn right. My house is the third house on the right.
6. What should he bring? Nothing.
A. Hi, Kou Tin Win. There is birthday party the 6
th
of May.
I invite you to come over and visit my family.
B. Thank you. What time?
A. Five or five thirty.
B. What is your address?
A. It is 32 Thida Street
B. How can I get there?
A. Drive north on the main road to Tamwei Street and turn left.
Drive along Tamwei Street two blocks and turn right.
My house is the third house on the right.
B. What can I bring?
A. Nothing, thanks.
B. Thank you for the invitation.
152
Lesson 10
Around the House
~ ~
Ein pa'-le
This lesson will introduce you to:
- Basic vocabulary related to the home
- Rooms around the house
- Furniture items you may see.
Burmese homes do not have basements and bath tubs are not common. Burmese homes rarely
have offices, although doctors and astrologers may have an office at home where they see their
patients or clients. Radios, televisions, telephones and refrigerators are quite common in
Burmese homes, as well as rice cookers and hot plates. Appliances that are not common are
toasters, electric ovens, and microwave ovens.
1. Listen to the vocabulary below and repeat after the speaker.
Bathroom yei-hcou:-gan: ._.,.
Bedroom ei'-hkan: ,.
Dining room hta-min:-sa:-gan: ~..,.
Door da-ga: ~.
Floor can: byin _~._
Window ba-din:-bau' _~..~
Garage ka: gou-daun ~. .
Roof hkaun-mou: ..
Antenna in-te-na ~,
Office youn:-gan: .,.
Basement myei -au'-hkan: ._.~,.
Yard hcan _
Kitchen mi:-bou-jaun ..
Living room e.-gan: ,.
One-story ta hta' ~~
Two-story hna hta' ~
First floor pa-hta-ma. da' ~ ~
Second floor du.-ti.-ya. da' ~ ~
153
2. Match the Burmese words in the left column with their English equivalents in the right
column. Check your answers with the Answer Key.
1. ._.,. yei-hcou:-gan: A. Basement
2. ,. ei'-hkan: B. Yard
3. ~..,. hta-min:-sa:-gan: C. Garage
4. ~. da-ga: D. Living room
5. _~._ can:-byin E. Bathroom
6. _~..~ ba-din:-bau' F. Kitchen
7. ~. . ka: gou-daun G. Bedroom
8. ,. e.-gan: H. Door
9. . youn: I. Dining room
10. ._.~,. myei-au'-hkan: J. Floor
11. _ hcan K. Office
12. .. mi:-bou-jaun L. Window
3. Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks with a word from the list
written in the box. Check your work with the Answer Key.
~. . , . ~ , _ . . , . , ~ .., .
ka: gou-
daun
ei'-
hkan:
in-te-na hcan mi:-bou-
jaun
e.-gan: ne. hta-min:-sa:-
gan:
1. .. . ~
hkaun-mou: bo hma shi. ba de
2. .,. , ._.,. _~. ~
youn:-gan: ne. yei-hcou:-gan: ja: hma shi. ba de
3. . ~
ein shei. hma hma shi. ba de
4. _~. .. ~
ja: hma mi:-bou-jaun shi. ba de
4. Draw a plan of your house and tell your partner, in Burmese, the types of rooms you
have and where they are located. Work in pairs or in small groups.
154
5. Match the following questions with the correct answers. Check your work with the
Answer Key.
A. ._.,.~ ~
yei-hcou:-gan: ga. be hma le:
1. ~~ ~,.~~ ~ ~..~.~.
~
hou'-ke. ca-no dou. hsi hma ka: gou-daun ga-
lei: shi. ba de
B. .. ~ 2. ,.~ ,., ~~~ ~
mi:-bou-jaun be hma le: ei'-hkan: ga. e.-gan: ne. ka' ye' shi. ba de
C. ,. ~ 3. ~~ ~,.~~ ._.~,._~.
~ ~
ei'-hkan: be hma le: hou'-ke. ca-no dou. hma myei-au'-hkan: ji: ta
hku. shi. ba de
D. ~..,. ~. 4. ,. .,. ~
hta-min:-sa:-gan: shi. dha la: ei'-hkan: thoun: gan: shi. ba de
E. ~.. ~. 5. ..~ ~ ~
ka: gou-daun shi. dha la: mi:-bou-jaun ga. pa-hta-ma. da' hma ba
F. ,. ,. ~ 6. ._.,.~ ,. , ~~~ ~
ei'-hkan: be-hna hkan: shi. dha le: yei-hcou:-gan: ga. ei'-hkan: ne. ka' ye' shi. ba de
G. ._.~,. ~. 7. ~..,. .
myei-au'-hkan: shi. dha la: hta-min:-sa:-gan: ma shi. ba bu:
6. Work in pairs or in small groups. Pretend that you want to buy a house and your
classmate is a real estate agent. Make up a dialogue using the model below.
MODEL:
A. I want to buy a two-story house.
A. ~,.~ ~ ~
ca-no hna hta' ein we jin ba de
B. There is a nice small house next to the market.
B. .., ~~~ .~.~.~. ~~. ~
zei: ne. ka' ye' ein gaun: ga-lei: ta loun: shi. ba de
A. How many bedrooms does the house have?
A. ,. ,. ~
ein hma ei'-hkan: be hna hkan: shi. dha le:
155
B. It has one bedroom.
B. ,. ~,. ~
ei'-hkan: ta hkan: shi. ba de
A. How many bathrooms are there in the house?
A. ._.,. ,. ~
ein hma yei-hcou:-gan: be hna hkan: shi. dha le:
B. There is a nice large bathroom in the house.
B. .~.~ ._.,. ~ ~
ein hma thei' kaun: de. yei-hcou:-gan: ta hku. shi. ba de
A. Is there a kitchen in the house?
A. .. ~.
ein hma mi:-bou-jaun shi. dha la:
B. Yes, there is.
B. ~~ ~
hou'-ke. shi. ba de
7. Familiarize yourself with these terms for furniture and furnishings. Listen and
repeat after the speaker.
Bathtub Bed Bookcase Chair Closet
yei-hcou:-gan ga-din sa-ou'-sin ka-la-htain a-wu'-bi-dou
._.~, ~ ~~.~ ~
Table Refrigerator Dresser Lamp Microwave oven
za-bwe: yei-ge:-thi'-ta a-wu'-bi-dou za-bwe:-tin mi: mai'-ka-you-wei.
mi:-bou
. ._.~ ~ .~. ~~ . .
156
Radio Carpet Sink Sofa Stove
rei-di-you ko-zo: le'-hsei:-gan sou-hpa hlya'-si' mi:-bou
._ .~.~ ~~.~.~, ~ ~.
Telephone Television Toilet Toaster
te-li-hpoun: you'-myin-than-
ca: (OR) ti-bwi
yei-ein paun-moun. kin-
za-ya
~~,. __~.
~
._ ., ~_
8. Below is a chart with rooms you would find in a typical home. Under each room, list in
Burmese, the furniture and furnishings (from the list above) that you would expect to find
there. Some items will be used more than once.
Kitchen Dining Room Living Room Bedroom Bathroom
. . ~ .., . , . , . ._ ., .
mi:-bou-jaun hta-min:-sa:-
gan:
e.-gan: ei'-hkan: yei:-hcou:-gan:
157
9. Work in pairs or small groups. Using the chart above, ask each other questions, in
Burmese, about the furniture in your rooms.
MODEL:
1. What do you have in your kitchen? I have a stove, a. in my kitchen.
. _ .. ~ ~,.~ .. ~.
~
hka-mya: ye. mi:-bou-jaun hma ba shi. dha le: ca-no. mi:-bou-jaun hma hlya'-si' mi:-bou -----
shi. ba de
2. What do you have in your dining room? I have a table, a.in my dining room.
. _ ~..,. ~ ~,.~ ~..,. .
~
hka-mya: ye. hta-min:-sa:-gan: hma ba shi. dha
le:
ca-no. hta-min:-sa:-gan: hma za-bwe: -----
shi. ba de
10. Listen and read along as a speaker talks about his home and then answer the
questions about the passage. Check your work with the Answer Key.
PLAY AUDIO
~,.~ ,~ _. ~,.~~ ~,.~ ,. , ~.~. .~ , _,~,
.,~ ~,.~~ ~ ~.~. ~~. _ ~ _ ~ ~ ,.
,. ~ ~,.~ ~,.~~ ..~ ~~ __. ~,.~ ~,.~ .
~~ _~ ~,.~, ~,.~ ,.~ ~ ~ ~ ,. ~
._.,. ,. ~ .._~. ~ _. ~. ~~ . .
~~.~.~, , ._.~ ~ ..~ _~. ~~. ~
~,.~~ ~. .~ ~..,. . ~,.~~ _ ,.~ ~
~~. . ~~. ~~.~ ~., ~ ~~. ~ .,~ ~. ._.~
~,.~ . , ~,.~~ ~ _~_~~
ca-no. na-me ga. myin.-sou: ba ca-no ga. ca-no. mein:-ma. ne. hka-lei: hna yau' ne.
yan-goun hma nei ba de ca-no dou. hma hna hta' ein ga-lei: ta loun: shi. ba de
ein ye. du.-ti.-ya. da' hma ei'-hkan: hna hkan: shi. ba de ta hkan: ga. ca-no dou. tha: dwei a-twe'
hpyi' pi: ta hkan: ga. ca-no. a-hpei a-twe' hpyi' pa de ca-no ne. ca-no. mein:-ma. ga.
pa-hta.-ma. hta' hma shi. de. ei'-hkan: hma ei' pa de yei-hcou:-gan: hna hkan: shi. ba de
mi:-bou-jaun ji: ta hku. shi. pi: e:-di hma hlya'-si' mi:-bou mai'-ka-rou-wei. mi:-bou
le'-hsei:-gan ne. yei-ge:-thi'-ta shi. ba de mi:-bou-jaun de: hma za-bwe: ji: ta loun: shi. ba de
e:-di hma ca-no dou. hta-min: sa: ba de . hta-min:-sa:-gan: ma si. ba bu: ca-no dou. ye.
e.-gan: de: hma hsou-hpa ta loun: za-bwe: ta loun: ka-la-htain hna loun: ne. ti-bwi ta loun:
shi. ba de nya.-nei be' hta-min: sa: pi: de. a-hka ca-no. mi.-dha:-zu. ne. ca-no ga.
ti-bwi ci. ja. ba de
158
A. Where does the family live?
B. How many people live in the house?
C. Is the house one story or two stories?
D. How many bedrooms are there?
E. How many bedrooms are on the first floor? Who sleeps there?
F. How many bathrooms are there in the house?
G. Where do they eat their meals?
H. What does the family do in the evening after dinner?
159
End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Listen to the speaker and circle the terms that you hear. Check your work with the
Answer Key.
1. bedroom bathroom living room
2. lamp oven stove
3. toilet bathtub sink
4. sofa chair bed
5. carpet floor window
6. chair dresser radio
7. first floor second floor one-story
8. garage basement roof
2. You have a guest in your home. Give him/her answers, in Burmese, to the following
questions.
._.,.~ ~
yei-hcou:-gan: ga. be hma le:
..~ ~
mi:-bou-jaun ga. ba hma le:
,. ,. ~
ei'-hkan: be hna hkan: shi. dha le:
~~,.~ ~
te-li-hpoun: ga. be hma le:
~,.~ __~. _~~ _~.
ca-no you'-myin-than-ca: ci. lou. ya. ma la:
. , .~
hka-mya: be a-hcein nya.-za sa: dha le:
. ,~ , ~~
hka-mya: ma-ne' be a-hcein hta. dha le:
. , ~ ~.~
hka-mya: be a-hcein a-lou' hsin: dha le:
160
Vocabulary List
Basement myei-au'-hkan: ._.~,.
Bathroom yei:-hcou:-gan: ._.,.
Bathtub yei:-hcou:-kan ._.~,
Bed ga-din ~
Bedroom ei'-hkan: ,.
Bookcase sa-ou'-sin
Chair ka-la-htain ~~.~
Closet a-wu' bi-dou ~
Table za-bwe: .
Dining room hta-min:-sa:-gan: ~..,.
Door da-ga: ~.
Dresser a-wu' bi-dou ~
Floor can:-byin _~._
Garage ka: gou-daun ~..
Kitchen mi:-bou-jaun ..
Lamp za-bwe:-tin-mi: .~.
Living room e.-gan: ,.
Microwave oven mai'-ka-you-wei. mi:-bou ~~ . .
Office youn: gan: .,.
One-story ta-hta' ~ ~
Radio rei-di-you ._
Carpet ko-zo: .~.~
Second floor du.-ti.-ya. da' ~ ~
Sink le'-hsei:-gan ~~.~.~,
Sofa hsou-hpa ~
Stove hlya'-si' mi:-bou ~ .
Television you'-myin-than-ca: / ti-bwi __~. ~
Toaster paun-moun. kin-za-ya ., ~_
Toilet yei-ein ._
Two-story hna hta' ~
Window ba-din:-bau' _~..~
161
ANSWER KEY
Exercise 2
1. E Bathroom yei:-hcou:-gan: ._.,.
2. G Bedroom ei'-hkan: ,.
3. I Dining room e.-gan: ~..,.
4. H Door da-ga: ~.
5. J Floor can:-byin _~._
6. L Window ba-din:-bau' _~..~
7. C Garage ka: gou-daun ~. .
8. D Living room e.-gan: ,.
9. K Office youn:-gan: .,.
10. A Basement myei-au'-hkan: ._.~,.
11. B Yard hcan _
12. F Kitchen mi:-bou-jaun ..
Exercise 3
1. .. . ~,~
hkaun-mou: bo hma in-te-na shi. ba de
There is an antenna on the roof.
2. .,. , ._.,. _~. ,. ~
youn:-gan: ne. yei-hcou:-gan: ja: hma ei'-hkan: shi. ba de
There is a bedroom between the office and the bathroom.
3. . _ ~
ein shei. hma hcan shi. ba de
There is a yard in front of the house.
4. ,. , ~..,. _~. .. ~
e.-gan: ne. hta-min: sa: gan: ja: hma mi:-bou-jaun shi. ba de
There is a kitchen between the living room and the dining room.
Exercise 5
A Where is the bathroom? 6. The bathroom is next to the bedroom.
B. Where is the kitchen? 5. The kitchen is on the first floor.
C. Where is the bedroom? 2. The bedroom is next to the living room.
D. Do you have a dining room? 7. No, we dont have a dining room.
E. Do you have a garage? 1. Yes, we have a small garage.
F. How many bedrooms do you have? 4. We have three bedrooms.
G. Do you have a basement? 3. Yes, we have a big basement.
162
Exercise 10
My name is Myin Sou. I live with my wife and two children in Yangon. We have a small two-
story house. My father lives with us. The house has two bedrooms on the second floor; one for
our two sons and one for my father. My wife and I sleep in the bedroom on the first floor. We
have two bathrooms. We have a large kitchen with a stove, oven, sink and refrigerator. In the
kitchen there is a large table where we eat. We do not have a dining room. Our living room has a
sofa, a table, two chairs, and a small television. In the evening after dinner, my family and I
watch television.
A. Where does the family live? Yangon.
A. . .,~ _,~,
mi.-dha:-zu. ga. be hma nei dha le: yan-goun
B. How many people live in the house? Five.
B. ~ .~ .,~ ..~
ein hma lu be hna yau' nei dha le: nga: yau'
C. Is the house one story or two stories? Two-story.
C. ~ ~~ ~. ~ ~. ~
ein ga. ta hta' la: hna hta' la: hna da'
D. How many bedrooms are there? Three.
D. ,. ,. ~ .,.
ei'-hkan: be hna hkan: shi. dha le: thoun: gan:
E. How many bedrooms are on the first floor? Who sleeps there? One, husband and wife.
E. ~~ ,. ,. ~ ~
pa-hta-ma. da' hma ei'-hkan: be hna hkan: shi. dha le: e:-di hma be dhu ei' tha le:
~,. .~. , ,. ~ . .~
ta-hkan: yau'-ca: ne. mein:-ma. / lin ma-ya: hna yau'
F. How many bathrooms are there in the house? Two.
F. ._.,. ,. ~ ,.
ein hma yei-hcou:-gan: be hna hkan: shi dha le: hna hkan:
G. Where do they eat their meals? In the kitchen.
G. ~ ~. ._~~ ..~
thu dou. be hma hta-min: sa: ja dha le: mi:-bou-jaun de: hma
H. What does the family do in the evening after dinner? Watch television.
H. .,~ ._.~ .~ ~_~~ __~. _~_~~
nya.-nei be' nya.-za sa: pi: de. a-hka mi.-dha:-zu. ga. ba lou' ca. dha le: you'-myin-than-ca:
ci. ja. de
163
End of Lesson Exercise 1
1. bathroom yei-hcou:-gan: 1. ._.,.
2. lamp za-bwe:-tin mi: 2. .~.
3. sink le'-hsei:-gan 3. ~~.~.~,
4. bed ga-din 4. ~
5. window ba-din:-bau' 5. _~..~
6. radio rei-di-you 6. ._
7. first floor pa-hta-ma. da' 7. ~ ~
8. roof hkaun-mou: 8. ..
164
Lesson 11
Weather and Seasons
_ ~ , _
Ya-dhi-u.-du. ne. ya-dhi
This lesson will introduce you to:
- Vocabulary related to weather, seasons, and climate
- How to ask for and give temperatures
- How to understand weather reports
- How to discuss the weather and climate in Burmese.
1. Listen to the weather terms as they are read aloud. Repeat the weather terms after the speaker.
Rain Sun Wind
mou: nei lei
. ., .~
Snow Fog Clouds
hnin: myu tein
. ~
165
2. Match the pictures with the correct weather terms. Check your answers with the answer key.
.~
lei
.,
nei
.
mou:
myu
3. What do you hear? Circle the three terms you hear spoken by the native speaker.
Check your work with the answer key.
Play Audio
A. Rain Sun
B. Snow Wind
C. Clouds Fog
4. Familiarize yourself with the following terms related to the weather. Pause the recording as
many times as you need. Repeat after the speaker.
Temperature a-pu-jein ,
Fahrenheit hpa-yin-hai' _ ~
Celsius hsel:-hsi:-yes. ~~. ~.
Weather ya-dhi-u.-du. _ ~
Weather forecast ya-dhi-u.-du. hkan-hman:-je' _ ~ , ,. ~
Weather report ya-dhi-u.-du. cei-nya-je' _ ~ ._~ ~
Winter hsaun:-(ya-dhi) .~. _
Spring nwei-ou: -(ya-dhi) . . _
Summer nwei-(ya-thi) . _
Fall hsaun:-u:-(ya-dhi) .~. . _
Clear ci-lin _~ ~
Cloudy tein-htu-hta' ~ ~ ~
Overcast mou:-oun. .
166
Windy lei-tai' / lei-htan .~ ~~ .~ ~,
Cold ei: ..
Low temperature a-pu-jein nein. , ,
Freezing a-pu-jein yei-hke: hma' yau / a-lun-
ei:
(lit. temperature reaching freezing
point / very cold)
, ._ ~ ._~
~, ..
Below freezing a-pu-jein yei-hke: hma' au' yau'
(lit. temperature reaching below
freezing point)
, ._ ~ .~
._~
Warm nwe: ..
High temperature a-pu-jein myin. ,
Hot pu
Dry hcau'-thwei. .~ .
Sunny ne:-tha .,
Rainy mou:-ywa / mou:-mya: . _ . .
Grammar note:
The English coordinating conjunction and is translated as ne. and bi: in Burmese. If and coordinates (or
conjoins) between nouns or noun phrases, ne. is used in Burmese, e.g. ya-dhi ne. ya-dhi-u.-du. weather and
seasons. If and conjoins verbs or verb phrases (or the equivalent of English adjectives or adjective phrases)
bi: is used, e.g. ei: bi: hnin:-ca. de cold and snowy.
The concept of negation is expressed in Burmese by ma-VERB/ADJECTIVE-bu, e.g. thu ma-thwa:-ba-bu: he
did not go. In English, for yes or no questions, such as did he go? one word, Yes or No would be a
sufficient answer. But in Burmese, the answer to yes or no questions, like thu thwa: la did he go? requires
repetition of the whole sentence, e.g. thu ma-thwa: ba-bu: No, he did not go. In Burmese, there is not a single
syllable word which means no.
Burma has three main seasons: mou:-ya-dhi rainy season; hsaun:-ya-dhi cold season; and nwe-ya-dhi hot
season.
5. Listen to the typical questions and responses about the weather. Repeat them after the speaker.
How is the weather in December? di-zin-ba-la. hma ya-dhi-u.-du.
be-lou shi. ba dha-le:
~ ~ _ ~
~ _ ~
Its cold and snowy. ei: bi: hnin:-ca. ba de .. _. . ~ ~
How is the weather in April? ei-bi-la. hma ya-dhi-u.-du. be-
lou shi. ba dha-le:
. _ ~ _ ~ ~
_ ~
Its warm and clear. nwei: bi: ci-lin de .. _. _~ ~ ~
167
How is the weather in July? zu-lain-la. hma ya-dhi-u.-du. be-
lou shi. ba dha-le:
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ _
~
Its sunny and hot. nei-tha bi: pu ba de ., _. ~
How is the weather in October? au-tou-ba-la. hma ya-dhi-u.-du.
be-lou shi. ba dha-le:
.~ ~ ~ _ ~
~ _ ~
Its windy and rainy. lei-htan bi: mou:-mya: ba de .~ ~, _. . . ~
6. Read the following short dialogues on weather and match each one to a picture below. Check your
work with the answer key.
1. ., _ ~ ~ _ ~
di-nei. ya-dhi-u.-du. be-lou shi. ba dha le:
. _. . _ ~
mou:-oun. bi: mou:-ywa ba de
2. , .~~ _ ~
a-pu-jein be-lau shi. ba dha le:
. ~~. ~. _ _ ~ ~, .. _. _~ ~ ~
hna-hse.-shi' hsel:-hsi:-yes. di-ga-yi shi. ba de! a-lun nwe: bi: ci-lin ba de
3. _ ~ ~ _ ~
hou-hma ya-dhi-u.du. be-lou shi. ba dha le:
. ~ _. , ._ ~ .~ ._~ ~
hnin:-ca bi: a-pu-jein yei-hke: hma' au' yau' ba de
4. ., ~.
nei-tha ba dha la:
., . ~. _. .. ~
nei-ma-tha ba bu: myu hsain: bi: ei: ba de
168
A #____________ B #_______________
C #_____________ D #_____________
7. Work with a partner. Complete the dialogues according to the models in Exercise 5 and Exercise 6.
Use the vocabulary given below.
., . . .. _~
~
ne:-tha mou:-
mya:
pu ei: ci-lin
~. . ~ ~
~
, ._
~ .~
._~
.. .~
.
myu-hsain:
mou:-
oun.
tein-
htu-hta'
a-pu-jein yei-
hke: hma' au'
yau'
nwe: hcau'-
thwei.
169
za-na-wa-yi-la hma ya-dhi-u.-du. be-lou shi. ba dha
le:
- ~, , _ ~ _ ~ ~ _ ~
ei: bi: myu-hsain: ba de - .. _. ~. ~
mei-la ma ya-dhi-u.-du. be-lou shi. ba dha le: - . ~ _ ~ ~ _ ~
ne:-tha bi pu ba de - ., _. ~
o:-gou'-la hma ya-dhi-u.-du. be-lou shi. ba dha le: - _ ~ ~ _ ~ ~ _ ~
mou:-oun. bi: mou:-mya: ba de - . _. . . ~
nou-win-ba-la hma ya-dhi-u.-du. be-lou shi. ba dha
le:
- ~ _ ~ ~ _ ~
myu hsain: bi: ei: ba de - _ ~. _. .. ~
8. Work with a partner. Put the given words in a correct order so that you can ask a question and give an
answer about the weather in different places. Check your work with the answer key.
Model: hma / _, ~, _ yan-goun myou. / . _ ~. mou:-ywa ba dha la: (is it raining?) / ~
~ di-zin-ba-la./ . _ . mou:-ma-ywa ba bu: / . ~ ~ hnin:-ca. ba de / hma /
Grammar note:
A yes or no question is formed with a phrase: ~. ba dha la:, e.g. . ~ ~. hnin: ca. ba dha la:
Is it snowing? If the answer is yes, the sentence ends with VERB/ADJ ba de, e.g. . ~ ~ hnin:-ca. ba
de it is snowing. But if the answer is no, the sentence ends with ma-VERB/ADJ ba bu:, e.g. . ~ .
hnin:-ma-ca. ba bu: It is not snowing.
Student 1: ~ ~ _, ~, _ . _ ~.
di-zin-ba-la. hma yan-goun myou. hma mou:-ywa ba dha la:
Student 2: . _ . ~ ~ _, ~, _ . ~ ~
mou:-ma-ywa ba bu: di-zin-ba-la. hma yangoun myou. hma hnin:-ca. ba de
1) _, ~, _ yan-goun myou. / pu / hma / ~ ba de / ~, ~ zun-la / hma / _. bi / ., nei
tha /
2) _, ~, _ yan-goun myou. / hma / cold .. ei: / ~ nou-win-ba-la / ma- /
. ba bu: / _. bi / . . nwe: / hma / ma- / . ba bu: / .~ ~, lei-htan/
3) ~ ~ ma'-la./ . _ mou:-ywa / hma / ~ ba de / hma / _, ~, _ yan-goun myou./
170
9. Listen to the speaker and mark the statement that you hear. Check your work with the answer
key.
1. A. The weather in September is clear and sunny.
B. The weather in September is rainy and warm.
C. The weather in September is foggy and cold.
2. A. What is the temperature today? It is 22 degrees Celsius.
B. What is the temperature today? It is 22 degrees Fahrenheit.
C. What is the temperature today? It is 22 degrees.
3. A. Is it cold in spring? No, its warm and sunny.
B. Is it raining in spring? No, its warm and sunny.
C. Is it windy in spring? No, its warm and sunny.
4. A. What is the weather forecast for tomorrow? Overcast and cold.
B. What is the weather forecast for tomorrow? Cloudy and cold.
C. What is the weather forecast for tomorrow? Sunny and cold.
5. A. The summers are hot and rainy. The winters are cold and snowy.
B. The summers are hot and dry. The winters are cold and snowy.
C. The summers are hot and sunny. The winters are cold and snowy.
Grammar note:
In answering this kind of question in English, you do not need to repeat the subject of the sentence the weather
forecast and the verb will be. But Burmese requires a complete sentence, like it will be overcast and cold.
10. Familiarize yourself with the following terms related to weather and natural disasters. Pause
the recording as many times as you need. Repeat after the speaker.
Lightning Thunderstorm Tornado
hlya'-si: mou:-the'-moun-dain: lei-hsin-hna-maun:
~ . . ~ , ~. .~ ~ ..
171
Hurricane Flood
lei-byin:-moun-dain: yei-ji:-da
[lit. flooding]
.~ . , ~. ._ _~. ~
11. What do you hear? Circle the three terms you hear spoken by the native speaker. Check your
answers with the answer key.
Play Audio
thunderstorm tornado lightning hurricane flood
12. Answer the questions. Check your work with the answer key.
A. mou:-the'-moun-dain: hou' ba
dha la:
B. yei-ji: hou' ba dha la: C. lei-byin:-moun-dain: hou'
ba dha la:
. ~ , ~. ~ ~.
._ _~. ~ ~ ~. .~ . , ~. ~
~.
172
D. lei-sin-hna-maun: hou' ba dha la: E. hlya'-si: hou' ba dha la:
.~ ~ .. ~ ~. ~ . ~ ~.
173
End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Listen to the following weather report for four different cities in Burma. In English, fill in the
chart below with the weather and temperature for each city. Pause or replay the audio if needed. Check
your work with the answer key.
PLAY AUDIO
_, ~, .~ _~. _ . . _ . ~~ ._~ ~ ._~ ~ ~
.~ ~ ~ _~ ., ., ~~ ~ _, ~, _ _ , ~ .~ _ ~ _
.~~ _ _. ., ~ .~ _~. _ _ , ~ .~ _ ~ _ .~~ _
_. ~ ~ ~ ~ _ _ _ , ~ .~ _ ~ _ .~~ _ _. . _
~ . . _ _ , ~ .~ _ ~ _ .~~ _ _. .~ ~,
~
City Weather Temperature
1.
2.
3.
4.
174
2. Listen to the following weather report and answer the questions below. Check your work with
the answer key.
PLAY AUDIO
_, ~, _ ~~ ~ ._~ ~ ~ .~ . _ ~ _~ . _~ ., ~~
~ ., ~ ~ .~ . _ _. ., . .~ . , ~. ~~ ~ .,
, _ ~ ~ .~ ,~ . . _. ., . ., ~ .~ ~ ~,
~ ., _ , ~ .~ , ~. . ~~. ~. _ , ~. . _ _
~ ., ., _ , ~ .~ ., , _ _ _ _. , ~. ~ .~ _ _
~
yan-goun myou. a-twe' a-hku. ya-dhi-u.-du. ce-ngya-hke' ga. do. ei-bi-la. hna-se.ta-ye' thau'-ca-ne. a-twe' phyi'
pa de di ne. ya-dhi-u.-du. ga. do. mou:-ywa hma phyi' pi: ngya.-ne-bain: hma lei-byin:-moun-tain: tai' nain ba
de ma-ne.-phyan ye. ya-dhi-u.-du. ga. do. ma-ne.-bain: hma mou:-oun. bi ngya.-ne-bain: hma ne-tha hma
phyi' pa de di-ne. ye. a-pu-jein ga. do. a-nein.-hsoun: shi' hsel:-hsi:-yes. di-ga-yi ne. a-myin'-hsoun: hna-hse.-
shi' di-ga-yi shi. hma phyi' pa de sa-ne-ne. ye. a-pu-jein ga. do. ngya.-ne toun: na-yi hma hna-hse.-hni' di-ga-
yi shi. bi: a-nein.-hsoun: ga. do. hse.-hni' di-ga-yi shi. hma phyi' pa de
1. What city is the weather report for?
2. What is the date?
3. What day of the week is this?
4. What is the forecast for today?
5. What will be the high and low temperatures for today?
6. What is the forecast for tomorrow?
7. What will be the high and low temperatures for tomorrow?
8. What time of the day tomorrow is the high temperature expected?
9. Are the temperatures in Fahrenheit, Celsius, or was it not mentioned?
3. Working in pairs or small groups, describe the pictures. Use the vocabulary youve learned in this
lesson to compose a story that will match the pictures. Include the season of the year, the name of the
month, the type of weather it seems to be, etc.
175
176
Vocabulary List
Weather ya-dhi-u.-du. _ ~
Weather forecast ya-dhi-u.-du. hkan-hman:-je _ ~ , ,. ~
Weather report ya-dhi-u.-du. cei-ngya--je _ ~ ._~ ~
Rain mou: .
Sun nei .,
Wind lei .~
Snow hnin: .
Fog myu
Lightning hlya'-si: ~ .
Thunderstorm lei-byin:-moun-dain: .~ . , ~.
Tornado lei-hsin-hna-maun: .~ ~ ..
Hurricane clouds lei-pin:-moun-dain: tein .~ . , ~. ~
Rainy mou:-ywa / mou:-mya: . _ . .
Sunny ne:-tha .,
Cloudy tein-htu-hta' ~ ~ ~
Freezing a-pu-jein yei-hke: hma yau /
a-lun-ei:
, ._ ~
._~ ~, ..
Clear ci-lin _~ ~
Temperature a-pu-jein ,
Fahrenheit hpa-yin-hai _ ~
Celsius hsel:-hsi:-yes. ~~. ~.
Hot pu
Cold ei: ..
Warm nwe: ..
Dry hcau'-thwe. .~ .
Overcast mou:-oun. .
Windy lei-tai' / lei-htan .~ ~~ .~ ~,
Winter hsaun:-(ya-dhi) .~. _
Spring nwei-ou: -(ya-dhi) . . _
Summer nwei-(ya-thi) . _
Fall hsaun:-u:-(ya-dhi) .~. . _
High myin.
Low nein. ,
177
ANSWER KEY
Exercise 2
Wind lei .~
Sun nei .,
Rain mou: .
Exercise 3
A. Sun nei .,
B. Wind lei .~
C. Clouds tein ~
Exercise 6
A 4 Its foggy and cold.
B 1 It is overcast and raining.
C 2 It is 28 degrees Celsius! It is very warm and clear.
D 3 Its snowing and below freezing.
Exercise 8
1) Is it hot and sunny in Yangon in June? Yes, it is hot and sunny in Yangon in June.
~,~ _,~,_ _.., ~. zun-la. hma yan-goun myou. hma pu bi: nei-tha ba dha la:
~~ ~,~ _,~,_ _..,~ hou'-ke. zun-la. hma yan-goun myou. hma pu bi: nei-tha
ba de
2) Is it warm in Yangon in November? No, it is cold and windy.
~ _,~,_ ..~. nou-win-ba-la. hma yan-goun myou. hma nwei: ba dha la:
.,.. .._. .~~,~ ma-nwei: ba bu: ei: bi: lei-htan ba de
3) Is it rainy in Yangon in March? Yes, it is rainy in Yangon in March.
~~ _,~,_ . ~. ma'-la. mha yan-goun myou. mha mou:-ywa ba dha la:
~~ ~~ _,~,_ .~ hou'-ke. ma'-la. mha yan-goun myou. mha mou:-ywa
ba de
Exercise 9
1.B The weather in September is rainy and warm.
~ ~ ~ _ _ ~ ~ . . _. .. ~
se-tin-ba-la' ye. ya-dhi-u.-du. ga. mou:-mya: bi: nwe: ba de
178
2. B What is the temperature today? It is 22 degrees Fahrenheit.
., , .~~ _ ~ _ ~ _ _ ~
di-nei. a-pu-jein be-lau' shi. ba dha le: hna-hse.-hni hpa-yin-hai' di-ga-yi shi. ba de
3. A Is it cold in the spring? No, its warm and sunny.
. . _ .. ~. .. . .. _. ., ~
nwe-u:-ya-dhi hma ei: ba dha la: ma-ei: ba bu: nwe: bi nei tha ba de
4. C What is the weather forecast for tomorrow? It will be sunny and cold.
,~ , ~~ _ ~ , ,. ~ ~ ~
., _. .. ~
ma-ne'-phyan a-twe' ya-dhi-u.-du. khan.-hman:-je' ga ba ba le:
nei-tha bi: ei: hma phyi ba de
5. C The summers are hot and sunny. The winters are cold and snowy.
. _ _. ., ~ .~. _ .. _. . ~ ~
nwe-ya-dhi hma pu bi nei-tha ba de hsaun:-ya-dhi hma ei: bi hnin:-ca. ba de
Exercise 11
thunderstorm mou:-the-moun-
dain:
. ~ , ~.
lightning hlya-si: ~ .
flood yei-ji:-da
[lit. flooding]
._ _~. ~
Exercise 12
A. Is it a thunderstorm? No, it is lightning.
. ~ , ~. ~ ~. mou:-the'-moun-dain: hou' ba dha la:
~ . ~ . ~ ma-hou' pa bu: hlya-si: phyi' ba de
B. Is it a flood? No, it is a tornado.
._ _~. ~ ~ ~. yei-ci: da hou' ba dha la:
~ . .~ ~ .. ~ ma-hou' pa bu: lei-hsin-hna-maun: phyi' ba de
C. Is it a hurricane? No, it is a thunderstorm.
.~ . , ~. ~ ~. lei-byin:-moun-dain: hou' ba dha la:
~ . . ~ , ~. ~ ma-hou' pa bu: mou:-the'-moun-dain: phyi' ba de
D. Is it a tornado? No, it is a flood.
.~ ~ .. ~ ~. lei-hsin-hna-maun: hou' ba dha la:
~ . ._ _~. ~ ~ ma-hou' pa bu: yei-ci:-da phyi' ba de
179
E. Is it lightning? No, it is a hurricane.
~ . ~ ~. hlya'-si: hou' ba dha la:
~ . .~ . , ~. ~ ma-hou' pa bu: lei-byin:-moun-dain: phyi' ba de
End of Lesson
Exercise 1
City Weather Temperature
1. Yangon sunny 75 Fahrenheit
2. Mon ywa rainy 100 Fahrenheit
3. Taung Gyi cloudy 60 Fahrenheit
4. Hakha windy 50 Fahrenheit
City Weather Temperature
1. _, ~, _ ., _ ~ _
2. _ _ . _ _ ~ _
3. .~ _~. _ ~ ~ ~ _ ~ _
4. . . _ .~ ~, _ ~ _
This is the weather report for Yangon, Taung Gyi, Mon Ywa, and Hakha for Saturday the 10
th
of March.
The temperature in Yangon will be about 75 degrees Fahrenheit, and the weather will be sunny. The
temperature in Taung Gyi will be about 60 degrees Fahrenheit, and the weather will be cloudy. The temperature
in Mon Ywa will be about 100 degrees Fahrenheit, and the weather will be rainy. The temperature in Hakha
will be about 50 degrees Fahrenheit, and the weather will be windy.
Exercise 2
1. What city is the weather report for? It is for Yangon.
2. What is the date? It is April 21.
3. What day of the week is this? It is Friday.
4. What is the forecast for today? It will be rainy with a chance of a thunderstorm this evening.
5. What will be the high and low temperatures for today? The high will be 18 and the low will be 8.
6. What is the forecast for tomorrow? It will be cloudy in the morning but sunny in the afternoon.
7. What will be the high and low temperatures for tomorrow? The high will be 22 and the low will be 12.
8. What time of the day tomorrow is the high temperature expected? 3:00 pm.
9. Are the temperatures in Fahrenheit, Celsius, or was it not mentioned? Celsius.
This is the weather report for Yangon for Friday the 21
st
of April. Todays weather will be rainy with a chance
of a thunderstorm this evening. Tomorrows weather will be cloudy in the morning but sunny in the afternoon.
It will also be windy. The low temperature for today will be 8 degrees Celsius with a high temperature of 18.
Saturdays high temperature will be 22 at 3:00 in the afternoon and the low temperature will be 12 degrees.
180
_, ~, _ ~~ ~ ._~ ~ ~ .~ . _ ~ _~ . _~ ., ~~
~ ., ~ ~ .~ . _ _. ., . .~ . , ~. ~~ ~ .,
, _ ~ ~ .~ ,~ . . _. ., . ., ~ .~ ~ ~,
~ ., _ , ~ .~ , ~. . ~~. ~. _ , ~. . _ _
~ ., ., _ , ~ .~ ., , _ _ _ _. , ~. ~ .~ _ _
~
181
Lesson 12
Personal Appearance
_ _
You'-ye a-thwin-a-pyin
This lesson will introduce you to:
- Ones physical features (hair color, weight, height, etc.)
- Articles of clothing
- Colors
- Description of a persons physical appearance, including the clothing
- Appropriate ways to ask about someones appearance.
1. Look at the pictures below and familiarize yourself with the new vocabulary. Listen to the
descriptions of peoples appearances.
Tall Short Heavy Thin Young Old
a-ya'-myin' a-ya'-nein' wa' pein a-the'-nge a-the'-ci:
_ _ _ , ~ ~ _~.
Short Long Blond Red Gray
tou shei-(lya:) shwe-ou-yaun a-ni-yaun mi:-gou:-yaun
~ _ ~. . ._ , ._ . . ._
182
2. Look at the pictures below and listen to the descriptions of peoples appearances.
This woman is young. This man is also young.
. . ~ ~ ~ . . ~ ~ ~
She is tall and thin. He has an average height and medium frame.
~ _ _ _. , ~ _ ~ , _ _. ~ _ . ~
~ ~~ _ ~
3. Look at the pictures below and familiarize yourself with the new vocabulary. Listen to the
speaker and repeat as you follow along in the workbook.
Hair: Blond shwe-ou-yaun za-bin . ._ ~
Brown a-nyou-yaun za-bin ._ ~
Red a-ni-yaun za-bin , ._ ~
Gray a-hpyu-yaun za-bin ._ ~
Curly kau' te. za-bin .~~ ~ ~
Straight hpaun. de. za-bin . ~ ~
183
This young woman has short brown hair. This young man also has short brown hair.
di a-the'-nge de. a-myou-dha-mi: hma tou de. a-nyou-
yaun za-bin shi. ba de
di a-the'-nge de. a-myou-dha: hma lei:-be: tou de.
a-nyou-yaun za-bin shi. ba de
~ ~ . . ~ ~ ._
~ _ ~
~ ~ . . ~ ~ ~
._ ~ _ ~
The young girl has long blond hair. The old man has gray hair.
mein:-hka-lei: hma shei-lya: de. shwe-ou-yaun za-bin
shi. ba de
a-hpou:-ji: hma mi:-gou:-yaun za-bin shi. ba de
,. ~ .~. _ ~. ~ . ._ ~ _
~
. _~. . . ._ ~ _ ~
Grammar note:
Burmese separates two kinds of hair, ~ za-bin 'head-hair' and . . a-hmwe: body-hair.
184
4. Work with a partner. Look at the pictures and describe each of the people. See if your partner can
correctly identify the body type, hair color, and style of hair from your description.
5. Look at the pictures below and familiarize yourself with the new vocabulary. Listen to the
speaker and repeat as you follow along in the workbook.
Ear Nose Eye Mouth Glasses Beard
na: hna-hkaun: mye'-loun: ba-za' mye'-hman mou'-hsei'
,. . . ~ ~. . ~ , ~ ~ ~
Light Skin Medium Skin Dark Skin
a-tha:-hpyu a-tha:-nyou a-tha:-me:
. . .
185
Grammar note:
When one describes the skin color of a person in Burmese, the order of word-formation has a different pattern
from those of others. For example, brown eyes may be said either as ._ ~ ~. a-nyou-yaung
mye'-lun:, i.e. BROWN COLOR + EYES or ~ ~. ._ mye'-lun: a-nyou-yaung, i.e. EYES +
BROWN COLOR. But in order to say a brown skin only the pattern of SKIN + BROWN is possible, e.g.
. a-tha: nyou brown skin. Note also that the word color is omitted to describe a skin color in
Burmese.
Phrases with attributive adjectives (e.g. long hair in English where the adjective comes before the
noun) are often expressed in Burmese with a relative clause (i.e. hair that is long would be a rough English
equivalent). E.g. _ ~. ~ . ._ ~ shei-lya: de. shwe-ou-yaun za-bin literally means blond hair
that is long. Note that ~ te./de. is a relativizer, i.e. a relative clause marker which is similar to who or that
in English.
6. From the lists above, choose the characteristics and adjectives used to describe each feature. Fill in the
chart below in Burmese. Check your answers with the answer key.
Hair Skin Height Frame Facial Features
. 7. In each line of text below, cross out the term that does not logically belong. Check your work with the
answer key.
._ . ._ , ._
a-pya-yaun a-sein:-yaun pein a-nyou-yaun
_ ~ , _ _ ,
a-ya'-pu. mye'-hman a-ya'-shei tha-man
.. ~ ~~ ~ ~.
hna-hkaun: mou'-hsei' wa' mye'-loun:
. ._ . . ._ _ ._
shwe-ou-yaun mi:-gou:-yaun a-ya' a-me:-yaun
8. Listen to the descriptions of different peoples appearances while reading the following dialogues.
Answer the questions. Check your answers with the answer key.
1. , ~ _ ~ ._ ~ ~
._
, ~ _ ~ ~ ~ ~. _ ~.
~ ~
186
, ~ _ ~ ~ .~~ ~. . ~.
. ~
2. ., ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~.
~ .
., ~ ~ ~. ._ ~ ~
._
3. ~,. ~ ~ _ _ ~.
_ ~ ,
~.
. , ~
Questions:
1. How many people were described?
2. What were their names?
3. What kind of hair does Ni La have?
4. Does Ne Lwin wear glasses?
5. Does Ne Lwin have brown eyes?
6. Is Htun Tin short and heavy?
9. Familiarize yourself with the new vocabulary on clothing and colors. Listen and repeat after the
speaker.
Black a-me:-yaun ._
Gray mi:-gou:-yaun . . ._
Green a-sein:-yaun . ._
Red a-ni-yaun , ._
Blue a-pya-yaun ._
Yellow a-wa-yaun ._
White a-hpyu-yaun ._
187
Red Coat Gray Suit Tan Pants Blue Jeans
a-ni-yaun kou'-ein:-ji mi:-gou:-yaun wa'-
soun
a-nyou-yaun baun:-bi a-pya-yaun jin:
, ._ ~~ ~ . . ._ ~ ._ ..
._ .
Green Jacket Brown Sweater Orange Shirt Blue T-Shirt
a-sein:-yaun a-po-ein:-
ji
a-nyou-yaun hswe-ta
(ein:-ji)
lein-mo-yaun
sha' (ein:-ji)
a-pya-yaun ti-sha'
(ein:-ji)
. ._ .
~
._ .~
~ ~
~. ._ _
~
._ ~ _
~
Green Skirt Purple Dress White Sweat Suit Yellow Shorts
a-sein:-yaun sa-ka' hka-yan:-yaun ga-
wan (ein:-ji)
a-hpyu-yaun-hcwe:-
htein:-wa'-soun
a-wa-yaun baun:-bi-
tou
. ._ ~ _. ._ ,
~
._ .. ~,.
~
._ ..
~
Brown Boots Blue Shoes Black Hat Gray Uniform
a-nyou-yaun bwa'-
hpa-na'
a-pya-yaun shu:-
hpa-na'
a-me:-yaun ou'-htou' mi:-gou:-yaun
._ ~
,
._ _.
,
._ . ~ . . ._ ~
~
188
Black Socks White Socks
a-me:-yaun hcei-ei' a-hpyu-yaun hcei-ei'
._ . ~ ._ . ~
10. Match each description with the corresponding picture. Fill in the blank with the correct letter. Note
that there could be more than one match. Check your work with the answer key.
A B C D E
1. . ~ . _~.
... ga. a-hpwa:-ji: ba
2. . . ._ ~ _ ~
... hma shwe-ou-yaun za-bin shi. ba de
3. . _ ~. ~ ._ ~
_ ~
... hma shei-lya: de. a-nyou-yaun za-bin
shi. ba de
4. . ~ . . ._ ~ ~ ~.
~
... ga. mi:-gou:-yaun wa'-soun wa' hta: ba
de
5. . ~ ._ .. ~
~. ~
... ga. a-pya-yaun baun:-bi wa' hta: ba de
6. . ~ ~ ~
... ga. a-the'-nge de. mi.-khin ba
189
7. . ~ _ _ _ . , ~
... ga. a-ya'-shei bi: pein ba de
8. . ~ ._ , ~ ~
~. ~
... ga. a-wa-yaun ga-wan-ein:-ji wa' hta:
ba de
9. . ~ ._ ~ _ ~ ~.
~
... ga. a-pya-yaun ti-sha' wa' hta: ba de
10.. ~ ~
... ga. wa. ba de
11. Translate the following descriptions into English. Check your work with the answer key.
A. . _~ _~ ~ _ _ _. , ~ ~ ~ ._ ._ ~ , .
._ ~ ~. _ _. . ~
do kyain-kyain ga. a-ya'-shei bi: pein ba de thu. a-the' ka. thoun:-ze ba thu. hma shwe-ou-yaun za-bin ne. a-
pya-yaun mye'-loun: shi. bi: a-tha: hpyu ba de
B. . ,. .~ ~ _ _ _. ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ . . ._ ~ ,
._ ~ ~. _ _. . ~
u: than:-hswe ga. a-ya'-shei bi: wa. ba de thu. a-the' ka. lei-ze.-nga: ba thu. hma tou de. mi:-gou:-yaun
za-bin ne. a-pya-yaun mye'-loun: shi. bi: a-tha: hpyu ba de
C. . ~ ~ ._ ~ _ ~ ~ _ _. , ~
si'-tha: hma tou de. a-me:-yaun za-bin shi. ba de thu ga. a-ya'-pu. bi: pein ba de
D. ,. .~. ~ ~ ~ _ _ _. , ~ _ ~. ~ ~ ,
._ ~ ~. _ _. . ~
Grammar note: Fair skin and light skin are expressed by the same skin-color term . a-tha:- hpyu
in Burmese.
190
End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Describe the people you see in the pictures. For each person, include the approximate age, skin tone,
color and length of hair, and what he/she is wearing. Use the model:
2. Make up a simple description for each of the people listed below. (You may substitute any individual
you wish for those listed.) Be sure to include hair color and length, approximate height and age, eye color,
and skin tone.
Example:
My mother is 63 years old. She is tall and has a medium frame. She has short, gray hair and brown eyes. She
has light skin. She wears glasses.
A. Mother
B. Father
C. Co-worker
D. President of the United States
E. Your next door neighbor
191
3. Work in pairs. Pretend that you and your partner are roommates. When you went to the store,
someone came to visit you. Now you are back. Ask your roommate questions about that persons
appearance. Your partner will describe the visitor. In Burmese, say how he/she looks (Is he/she tall or
short? Heavy or thin? What kind of hair does he/she have? What was he wearing? What colors were the
clothes?).
192
Vocabulary List
Average tha-man ,
Beard mou'-hsei' ~ ~ ~
Black a-me:-yaun ._
Blond shwe-ou-yaun ._ ._
Blue a-pya-yaun ._
Blue jeans a-pya-yaun jin: ._ .
Boots bwa'-hpa-na' ~ ,
Brown a-nyou-yaun ._
Color a-yaun ._
Curly kau' .~~
Dark a-me:-yaun ._
Dress ga-wan-ein-ji , ~
Ears na: ,.
Eyes mye'-loun: ~ ~.
Face mye'-hna ~
Frame kou-hkan-da-a-ywe-a-sa: ~ _ .
Glasses mye'-hman ~ ,
Gray mi:-gou:-yaun . . ._
Green a-sein:-yaun . ._
Hair (head)
Hair (body)
za-bin
a-hmwe:
~
. .
Hat ou'-htou' . ~
Jacket a-po-ein:-ji . ~
Large ci: / ji: _~ .
Light a-hpyu-yaun ._
Man a-myou:-dha: . .
Medium a-le-a-la' ~ ~~
Mouth ba-za' .
Nose hna-hkaun: ..
Old a-the'-ci: ~ _~.
Pants baun:-bi . .
Red a-ni-yaun , ._
Shirt sha'-ein:-ji _ ~
Shoes shu:-pha-na' _ . ,
Short (height)
Short (others)
a-ya'-pu.
tou
_
~
Skin a-tha: / a-yei-bya: . ._ .
Skirt sa-ka' ~
193
Small nge
Straight hpyaun. .
Suit wa'-soun ~
Sweater hswe-ta (ein:-ji) .~ ~ ~
Sweats hcwe: . .
Tall a-ya'-shei _ _
Thin pein ,
To wear wa' ~
T-shirt ti-sha' (ein:-ji) ~ _ ~
White a-hpyu-yaun ._
Woman a-myou:-dha-mi: . .
Yellow a-wa-yaun ._
Young a-the'-nge ~
194
ANSWER KEY
Exercise 6
Hair Skin Height Frame Facial Features
~ . _ _ ,.
_ . _ , ..
._ ._ . ~ ~.
, ._ .
. . ._ ~ ,
Exercise 7
blue green thin brown
._ . ._ , ._
short glasses tall average
_ ~ , _ _ ,
nose beard heavy eyes
.. ~ ~~ ~ ~.
blond gray height dark
. ._ . . ._ _ ._
Exercise 8
1. How many people were described? Three.
2. What were their names? Ni La, Ne Lwin, and Htun Tin.
3. What kind of hair does Ni La have? Short, straight, brown.
4. Does Ne Lwin wear glasses? No.
5. Does Ne Lwin have brown eyes? No, he has blue eyes.
6. Is Htun Tin short and heavy? No, average height and thin.
1. - What color is Ni Las hair?
- Her hair is brown.
- Is Ni Las hair long or short?
- Its short.
- Is Ni Las hair curly or straight?
- Its straight.
2. - Does Ne Lwin wear glasses?
- No, he doesnt wear glasses.
- What color are Ne Lwins eyes?
- His eyes are blue.
3. - Is Htun Tin tall?
195
- He is of average height.
- Is he heavy?
- No, he is thin.
Exercise 10
1. D is an old woman.
2. E has blond hair.
3. B has long brown hair.
4. A is wearing a gray suit
5. E is wearing blue pants.
6. C is a young mother.
7. C is tall and thin.
8. C is wearing a yellow dress.
9. B is wearing a blue t-shirt.
10. A is heavy.
Exercise 11
A. Daw Kyaing Kyaing is tall and thin. She is 30 years old. She has blond curly hair, green eyes, and
fair skin.
B. U Than Swe is tall and heavy. He is 45 years old. He has short gray hair, blue eyes, and light skin.
C. The soldier has dark short hair. He is short and thin.
D. A young girl is 10 years old. She is tall and thin. She has long brown hair, brown eyes, and dark skin.
196
Lesson 13
Transportation
.~ ._.
the-yu-pou'-hsaun-yei:
This lesson will introduce you to:
- Verbs of motion
- Ways of asking questions regarding the different modes of transportation
- Different types of transportation available in Burma (Myanmar).
Cultural note:
The most common means of getting around in Burma is public transportation such as buses,
ferries, and trains. Quite a small number of people (probably less than 20 % of the population)
own their own transportation. Buses come in many sizes, and these are the most common means
of public transportation. These buses are used not only for intra-city (within the city)
transportation in many cities and towns, but also for inter-cities (long distance) transportation.
There are some railroads which connect larger cities, such as Yangon, Mandalay, Pyi, and
Taungyi. In terms of intra-city train, there is only one in Yangon which goes around the city.
There are a few flights among the larger cities also.
Trishaw (~ ~ ~. sai'-ka:) is a type of transportation used in Burma that is not used in
the U.S. These vehicles are common for short-distance transportation in the local areas of every
city and town. In the rural areas of Burma, bullock carts (. ~. nwa:-hlei:) and pony carts
(. ~. min:-hlei:) are still used extensively.
197
1. Listen and repeat the following words as you read along.
Airplane Bicycle Ship Bus
lei-yin-byan se'-bein: thin:-bo: bas-ga:
.~ ~ . . ~ ~.
Car Ferry Boat Helicopter
ka: ga-dou.-hlei ya-ha'-yin
~. ~. ~ .~ _ ~
Motorcycle Taxi Train Truck
sain-ke a-hnga:-ga: ya-hta: koun-tin-ga:
~ ~ . ~. _ ~. ~, ~ ~.
Grammar note:
As already explained in Chapter 1, Burmese is a verb final language, i.e. the verb comes at the
end of the sentence. For example, in the sentence ., ~ , ~ . ~ thu ma-nei.-ga.
moun.-ti sa: de yesterday, he ate Burmese rice noodle, the verb . sa: eat comes after the
subject thu he and the object , ~ moun.-ti Burmese rice noodle. The word ~ de in
this sentence is a verb-sentence marker (aka 'realis') which indicates a general statement of
realized or non-future state.
Motion verbs follow the same pattern of word order, i.e. SUBJECT + OBJECT + VERB,
except the location of destination takes the slot for the OBJECT position. The following
examples illustrate how motion verbs are used. Note that an abbreviation Lit. stands for
literally translated which is usually known as interlinear gloss.
198
1. ., ~. _~ ~~ ~ ~. .~~ . ~
thu ne.-dain: sa-ci.dai' kou lan:-shau' thwa: ba de
Lit. she everyday library to walk go polite realis
Everyday, she walks to the library
2. ., ~. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~. .. . ~
thu ne.-dain: da'-si zain gou ka:-maun: thwa: de
Lit. he everyday gas station to drive go realis
Everyday, he drives to a gas station
3. ., ~. ~ ~ ~ . . . ~
thu ne.-dain: ka.-bwe: gou se'-bein:-si: thwa: de
Lit. she everyday concert to bicyle-ride go realis
Everyday, she rides a bicycle to a concert.
Note that the second-verb . thwa: go (which comes just after the main verb) in the above
sentences indicates the notion of going over there, i.e. go to the destination (e.g. to the library)
by walking over there.
The location of the temporal adverb everyday is flexible. For example, in sentence #1 above, it
could appear at the beginning of the sentence (i.e. before thu she), or just after the subject
(i.e. after thu she), or just after the destination ((i.e. after _~ ~ ~ ~ sa-ci.dai' kou
to the library).
Note also that absence of the polite marker pa/ba does not imply impoliteness,
especially if the subject is the third person (he, she, it, they).
199
2. Listen to the different forms about using transportation. Repeat after the speaker
as you read along.
How do you go to work?
by car
~. , . ~
car
~. . . ~
by bus
~ ~. , . ~
bas-ga: ne. thwa: ba de
bus
~ ~. . .
~
by train
_ ~. , . ~
train
_ ~. . . ~
ya-hta: si: thwa: de
by bicycle
~ . , . ~
bicycle
~ . . . ~
by boat
.~ , . ~
boat
.~ . . ~
by motorcycle
~ ~ , . ~
motorcycle
~ ~ . . ~
I go
~, .~
~,
ca-no
(male) /
ca-ma.
(female)
by truck
~, ~ ~. , .
~
I take the
~, .~
~,
ca-no
(male) /
ca-ma.
(female)
truck
~, ~ ~. . .
~
I walk
~, .~
~, ~.
.~~ ~
ca-no (male) /
ca-ma. (female)
lan:-shau' de
Grammar note:
In the above sentences, the verbs in Burmese need to come after the mode of transportation.
Therefore, in the boxes of I go and I take, only I (male/female) is included in Burmese.
Model: who + destination + mode of transportation + the verb of motion
.~. ~ ~. . . ~
thu kyaun: gou bas-ga: si: thwa: de
Lit. he school to bus ride go realis
he rides a bus to school
.~. ~ ~. . . ~
thu kyaun: gou bas-ga: si: thwa: de
he rides a bus to school
200
3. Read each statement below and match it with the correct picture. Check your work
with the answer key.
1 2 3
4 5 6
A. ~, .~ ,~ ~. .~. ~ ~ ~. . . ~
ca-no ma-ne'-tain: kyaun: gou bas-ga: si: thwa: ba de
B. . .~ ~. . . ~
si'-tha:-dwei si'-ka: si: thwa: de
C. . ., ~ ~, .~ ~ . ~. . . ~
mou:-ywa ne de. a-hka ca-no-dou. a-hnga:-ga: si: thwa: ba de
D. ~, .~ ~ ~ ~. .. . ~
ca-no a-lou' kou ka:-maun: thwa: ba de
E. ~, .~ . ~ ~ ~ . . . ~
ca-no. tha-nge-jin: a-lou' kou se'-bein: si: thwa: ba de
F. ~, .~ ~ ~ ~ . ~
ca-no. a-kou sain-ke si: ba de
4. Practice creating complete sentences out of the words below. Use the following model.
Model: who + the verb of motion + mode of transportation + destination
Example: I ride a bus to school.
201
~,.~
~,
ca-no (M)/
ca-ma. (F)
~ ~
sain-ke
~, .~
~
ca-no.
a-kou
.
si:
~
kou /gou
.~.
kyaun:
~ .
se'-bein:
~,
.~ ~
.~
ca-no
tou. mi.-
ba.-dwei
~.
ka:
.~ ~
lei-zei'
~, .~
.
ca-no. tha-
nge-jin:
~
ka.-bwe:
_~
~~
sa-ci.-
dai'
..
maun:
_ ~.
ya-hta:
.
~.
a-hnga:-
ga:
~
~.
bas-ga:
~.
.~~
lan:-
shau'
Grammar note:
In Burmese, the closest equivalent for the English phrase excuse me, (which is used to get
someone's attention), is ~ ~~ .~~ ta-hsei'-lau' hka-mya excuse me. This
expression may be literally translated as please give me a moment! The following mini-
conversation illustrates an exchange regarding a query about transportation.
- Excuse me; ~ ~~ .~~ ta-hsei'-lau' hka-mya
I want to go to the post office.
~, .~ ~~ . ~ ca-no sa-dai' thwa: jin ba de
How do I get there? ~ . _ ~ be-lou thwa: ya. ma le:
- Take Bus number 14.
, ~ , ~ ~. . . nan-ba' hse'-lei: bas-ga: si: thwa: ba
-Thank you. .~. ~. ~ ~ cei:-zu: tin ba de
5. Listen to and read along with the following exchanges. Repeat after the speaker.
- Excuse me. I want to go to the library. How do I get there?
~ ~~ .~~ ~, .~ _~ ~~ . ~ ~ . _ ~
- Take bus number 14.
, ~ , ~ ~. . .
- Thanks.
.~. ~. ~ ~
- You are welcome.
_ ~
202
- How do I get to the hospital?
.~. ~ ~ . _ ~
- Take a taxi.
. ~. . .
- Thank you very much.
.~. ~. . _~. ~ ~
- You are welcome.
_ ~
- Please tell me how to get to the hotel from the airport?
.~. ~. _. .~ ~ ~ ., ~ ~ ~ . _ ~ ~ ~ .
- Take the train.
_ ~. . .
- What number?
, ~ ~
- Train number 22.
, ~ _ ~.
6. Work with a partner, and make up similar exchanges. Use the words from Exercise 5
and the pictures below to choose the destination.
203
7. Now listen to each dialogue and mark the statement that you hear. Check your
answers with the answer key.
1. A. Do you take a taxi to the concert? No, I take my car.
B. Do you take a bus to the concert? No, I take my car.
C. Do you take a train to the concert? No, I take my car.
2. A. What bus should I take to the post office? Bus number 18.
B. What street should I take to the post office? 18
th
Street.
C. What exit should I take to the post office? Exit 18.
3. A. My parents drive their cars to work, but we ride our bicycles.
B. My parents drive their cars to work, but we walk.
C. My parents drive their cars to work, but we take the train.
Grammar note:
The creaky tone in ~, .~ cano. my (see examples in #3 above) is a result of fusion in
Burmese. There is a possessive marker _ ye. which is extensively used in colloquial Burmese.
This marker is usually fused with the possessor, especially when the possessor-word ends with
sonorant finals (i.e. words that do not end with glottal stop, marked in these lessons as " ' ", e.g.
~ a-lou' work, and has neutral or heavy tone. As a result, only the tone of the possessive
marker remains with the possessor-word after the fusion. E.g. ~, .~ _ ca-no + ye. I +
possessive > ~, .~ cano. my.
204
At a service station
8. Familiarize yourself with the following vocabulary. Listen to the speaker and
follow along in your book.
Gas da'-hsi ~ ~
Gas station da'-hsi zain ~ ~ ~
Service station ka:-pyin zain ~. ~
Diesel di-ze ~
Car wash ka:-yei-hsei:-da ~. ._ .~. ~
Oil hsi ~
Tires ta-ya-(dwei) ~ .~
Air lei .~
Water yei ._
Flat tire bein:-bya: ta-ya . . ~
Grammar note:
The gallon system is primarily used for liquid measurements in Burma. Below is a list of how
people would say such measurements.
~ ~ ta-ga-lan 1 gallon = . thoun: da.-tha-ma. hkun-shi.-nga: li-ta 3.785 liters
~ ~~ ta-kwa' 1 quart = , da.-tha-ma. kou:-lei:-hcau' li-ta .946 liters
~ ~ ~ ta-li-ta 1 liter = hni' da.-tha-ma. ti' li-ta 2.1 liters
~ ~ ~ hse-li-ta 10 liter = hni' da.-tha-ma. hcau'-thoun: ga-lan 2.63 gallons
205
9. Listen to the people at a service station and find out what each needs. Circle the
English equivalents of the terms you hear. Check your answers with the answer key.
A. Air Gas Diesel Tires Oil Car Wash
B. Air Gas Diesel Tires Oil Car Wash
C. Air Gas Diesel Tires Oil Car Wash
D. Air Gas Diesel Tires Oil Car Wash
10. Familiarize yourself with these terms identifying infrastructure.
Road lan: ~.
Highway a-wei:-byei: lan:-ma.-ji: .. .. ~. _~.
Freeway myou.-shaun-lan: _ . ~.
Local road myou.-dwin:-lan: _ ~. ~.
Railroad ya-hta:-lan: _ ~. ~.
206
End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Listen and write down the responses to the questions below. Check your work with
the answer key.
A. - ~, .~ ~ ~ .~ . ~ ~ ~ ,. ~
- ca-no. hma da'-hsi ma-shi. do. bu: da'-hsi zain be na: hma le:
_____________________________________________________
B. - ~, .~ ~ ~ ., ~ ~ _ ~
- ca-no. ta-ya ta-hku.-hku. phyi' ne de ba lou' ya. ma le:
_____________________________________________________
C. - ~ ~ ~ ~ .~~ ~
- da'-hsi ta-ga-lan be-lau' le:
_____________________________________________________
D. - . ~ ~ .~~ ~ ~
- hka-mya: da'-hsi be-lau' lou-jin ba dha le:
_____________________________________________________
Grammar note:
In sentence B above, 'to have a problem with the tire' is expressed in colloquial Burmese as 'to
have something happen to the tire'. Below is a full explanation in terms of its linguistic structure.
~, .~ ~ ~ ., ~
ca-no. ta-ya ta-hku.-hku. phyi' nei de
Lit. my tire something happen stay realis
'I have a problem with my tires' (Lit. something has been happening with my tires)
A literal translation of English into Burmese would be quite awkward, even if the meaning might
be understood. Note that the second verb ., nei 'stay' indicates that something has been
happening continuously.
207
Vocabulary List
Air lei .~
Airplane lei-yin-byan .~
Bicycle se'-bein: ~ .
Boat hlei .~
Bus bas-ga: ~ ~.
Car ka: ~.
Car wash ka:-yei-hsei:-da ~. ._ .~. ~
Concert ka.-bwe: ~
Diesel di-ze ~
Ferry boat ga-dou hlei ~. ~ .~
Freeway myou.-shaun-lan: . ~.
Gallon ga-lan ~
Gas da'-hsi ~ ~
Helicopter ya-ha'-yin _ ~
Highway a-wei:-byei lan:-ma.-ji: .. .. ~. _~.
Library sa-ci.-dai' _~ ~~
Liter li-ta ~ ~
Local road myou.-dwin: lan: ~. ~.
Motorcycle sain-ke ~ ~
Oil hsi ~
Railroad ya-hta: lan: _ ~. ~.
Service station ka:-pyin zain ~. ~
School kyaun: .~.
Ship thin:-bo: .
Taxi a-hnga:-ga: . ~.
Tire/tires ta-ya ~
Train ya-hta: _ ~.
Truck koun-tin-ga: ~, ~ ~.
Water yei ._
Work a-lou' ~
208
ANSWER KEY
Exercise 3
1. F My brother rides a motorcycle.
2. D. I drive my car to go to work.
3. E My friend rides his bike to work.
4. B Soldiers ride in an army truck.
5. C When its raining, we take a taxi.
6. A I take the bus to school every morning.
Exercise 7
1. A. Do you take a taxi to the concert? No, I take my car.
1. A. . ~ ~ . ~. . . ~.
. ~. . . . ~, .~ ~. , . ~
hka-mya: ka.-bwe: gou a-hnga:-ga: si: thwa: ba dha la:
a-hnga:-ga: ma-si: thwa: ba bu: ca-no. ka: ne. thwa: ba de
2. B. What street should I take to the post office? 18
th
Street.
2. B. ~~ ~ ~. ~ . _ ~ . ~. ~
sa-dai' kou be lan: ga. thwa: ya. ma le: hse'-shi' lan: ga. ba
3. C. My parents drive their cars to work, but we take the train.
3. C. ~, .~ .~ ~ ~ ~. .. . ~
. ~, .~ ~ _ ~. . . ~
ca-no. mi.-ba.-dwei a-lou' kou ka:-maun: thwa: de
da-pei-me. ca-no-dou. ya-hta: si: thwa: ba de
Exercise 9
A. Air Tires
B. Gas Oil
C. Gas Car Wash
D. Diesel Oil
A. I need some air for my tires.
~, .~ ~ .~ ~. ~ ~
B. I need 10 gallons of gas and 1 quart of oil.
~, .~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~~ ~ ~
C. I need a car wash and gas.
~, .~ ~ ~ , ~. ._ .~. ~ ~ ~
D. I need diesel for my car and oil.
~, .~ ~. ~~ ~ , ~ ~ ~
209
End of Lesson
Exercise 1
A. I have no gas. Where is the gas station?
Two kilometers down the freeway.
B. I have a problem with my tire. What should I do?
Ill put some air in the tires for you.
C. How much is the gas per liter/gallon?
$2.35 /gallon.
D. How much gas do you want?
12 /gallons please.
A. - ~, .~ ~ ~ .~ . ~ ~ ~ ,. ~
- ca-no. hma da'-hsi ma-shi. do. bu: da'-hsi zain be na: hma le:
- . ~. ~ ~. . _ ~ ~ ~
- myou.-shaun-lan: ga. hsin: thwa: yin hna-ki-lou mi-da hma ba
B. - ~, .~ ~ ~ ., ~ ~ _ ~
- ca-no. ta-ya ta-hku.-hku. phyi' ne de ba lou' ya. ma le:
- ~, .~ . ~ ~ .~ ,. ,. ~. ..
- ca-no hka-mya: ta-ya gou lei ne:-ne: htou: pe: me.
C. - ~ ~ ~ ~ .~~ ~
- da'-hsi ta-ga-lan be-lau' le:
- ~ ~ ~ . ~
ta-ga-lan gou do-la hni' da'-tha-ma. thoun:-ze'-nga: ba
D. - . ~ ~ .~~ ~ ~
- hka-mya: da'-hsi be-lau' lou-jin ba dha le:
- ~
- hse.-hna ga-lan ba
210
Lesson 14
Travel
_ . . ~ .
hka-yi:-thwa:-la-jin:
This lesson will introduce you to:
- Vocabulary related to travel
- How to buy a train, bus, or airplane ticket
- How to understand schedules
- Border crossing and roadblock procedures.
Cultural note:
Tickets for travel are usually bought ahead of time (at least two days) in Burma. Tickets for the train, bus, and
ferry are available at the respective stations. But airline tickets are not sold at the airport; you must go to private
ticket offices to purchase them.
For trains and ferries, there are two different kinds of tickets: upper class (first class) tickets and ordinary class
(second class) tickets. Tour buses are usually equipped with good facilities. They do not have different classes.
Domestic airlines have two classes, J (business) class, and Y (economy) class.
Foreign travelers in Burma usually pay travel-agencies to make all the arrangements such as tickets,
transportation, tour guides, etc. However, if you choose to travel on your own in Burma, you need to make all
the arrangements independently. This would require purchasing individual tickets at bus or train or ferry
stations, and airline tickets at private ticket offices in various cities. As a Foreign Independent Traveler, you
would face various restrictions since effort is made by the government to keep tourists away from the country's
poor.
211
1. Listen to the following dialogue about buying a ticket at a train station, and read along in the
workbook.
Soldier: Excuse me, maam.
. ~ ~~ .~~
Ticket Seller: Can I help you?
~~ ~ ._. ~ .. _ ~
Soldier: I need to buy a ticket to Mandalay.
. ~, .~ .~. _ ~~ ~~ ~ ~ . ~
Ticket Seller: Departing on what day?
~~ ~ ._. ., ~~ ~
Soldier: Today.
. .,
Ticket Seller: One-way or roundtrip?
~~ ~ ._. . ~. . , ~.
Soldier: Roundtrip.
. . ,
Ticket Seller: First class or second class?
~~ ~ ._. ~ ~,. ~. ~ ~,. ~.
Soldier: Second class, please.
. ~ ~,.
Ticket Seller: Returning on what day?
~~ ~ ._. ., , ~ ~
Soldier: Friday
. . _~ .,
Ticket Seller: Morning, afternoon, or evening?
~~ ~ ._. ,~ . ~. ., ~ . ~. ., . ~.
Soldier: Afternoon
. ., ~ .
212
Ticket Seller: Twenty-two dollars, please. The next train leaves in one hour from platform number 5.
~~ ~ ._. . ~ ~ ~ .,~ _ ~. ~ , _ ~. ~ _~, ~ ~~
Soldier: Thank you. What is the train number?
. .~. ~. ~ ~ _ ~. , ~ .~~ ~
Ticket Seller: 76
~~ ~ ._.
Soldier: Is this an express train?
. , _ ~. ~.
Ticket Seller: Yes, it is an express train.
~~ ~ ._. ~ ~ , _ ~.
Grammar note:
In Burmese, there are some motion verbs which are usually used for travel. E.g. ~~ te' 'to board'; ~~ htwe'
'to depart, to leave'; ._~ yau' 'to arrive'; , ~ pyan-la 'to come back, to return.' Note that in Burmese,
there is no difference between depart and leave, as well as between come back and return. The notion of
obligation expressed by English auxiliary verb 'must' is expressed in Burmese by adding a second verb _ ya. to
the main verb. E.g. ~, .~ . _ ca-no thwa: ya. me 'I must go.'
2. Read the dialogue with a partner. Take turns being the Ticket Seller and Soldier.
3. Role-play the dialogue. You can substitute the name of a city where you need to buy a ticket to, the
time and day of arrival and departure, and the price of the ticket.
Grammar note:
Future tense is expressed in Burmese with a verb-sentence marker me which has the same sentential
position as that of ~ te/de. Note that the word ~ te/de also is a verb-sentence marker (aka 'realis') which
indicates a general statement of a realized or non-future state.
213
4. Listen to the following statements and read along in the workbook.
Attention, passengers! The next express train to Yangon will depart from platform 10 in 15 minutes.
_. . ~ ,. ~ _, ~, _ ~ . , _ ~. , ~. ~
_~, ~~
Attention, passengers! The next local train will arrive at platform 10 in 5 minutes.
_. . ~ ,. ~ .,~ _ ~ _ ~. , ~. ~ _~, ~ ~~
._~ ~
Attention, passengers! Flight number 92 from Mandalay will be one hour late. Please check the schedule for
updates.
_. . ~ ,. ~ .~. _ ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ , _ .,~ ~
.,~ ~. ~~ , ~ , ~ . ~ .~. ~. _. .~.
Attention, passengers! The bus from Taunggyi will arrive at terminal 3 in 10 minutes.
_. . ~ ,. ~ .~ _~. _ ~~ ~ .~ , ~.
~ , ~ ~ ~ ~~ ._~ ~
Grammar note:
Note that the second verb ~ la 'come' (which comes just after the main verb ~~ ._~ sai'-yau' 'arrive') in
the above last sentence, indicates the notion of 'coming over here,' i.e. coming towards the location where the
announcement is made.
5. Match each picture with the correct Burmese term by writing the term below the correct picture.
Check your work with the answer key.
A__________ B__________ C__________
214
D__________ E__________ F__________
G__________ H ___________
hka-yi:-the-mya: _. .
hka-yi:-zaun-ei' _. .~ ~
zin:-jan _~,
a-hcein-za-ya: , ~ .
le'-hma' ~~ ~
si'-hsei-yei:-kaun-ta .~. ._. .~ ~
na:-nei-zaun ,. ., .~
gei' ~
6. Listen to the following statements and read along in the workbook.
You must have a ticket to board the train.
hka-mya: ya-hta: bo te' hpou. le'-hma' shi. ya. Me
. _ ~. . ~~ ~~ ~ _ _
You must have a ticket to board the airplane.
hka-mya: lei-yin bo te' hpou. le'-hma' shi. ya. me
. .~ . ~~ ~~ ~ _ _
215
Passengers for flight number 25 must go to gate 14.
hpa-lai' nan-ba' hna-hse.-nga: ne. lai' pa me. hka-yi:-the-mya: gei' se.-lei: gou thwa: ya. me
~~ , ~ , ~~ _. . ~ , ~ . _
You must pay for your ticket.
hka-mya: le'-hma' hpou: pei: ya. Me
. ~~ ~ . .. _
Passengers have to wait in the waiting area.
hka-yi:-the-mya: na:-nei-zaun hma saun. ya. me
_. . ,. ., .~ . _
You have to wait for your luggage at the baggage claim area.
hka-mya: ye. hka-yi:-zaun-ei' gou hka-yi:-zaun-ei' ywei: de. nei-ya hma saun. ya. me
. _ _. .~ ~ ~ _. .~ ~ .. ~ ., _ . _
7. Fill in the blanks with the correct term from the list below. Check your answers with the answer key.
Attention ga-yu.-sai' na:-hsin ba ~ ,. ~
Baggage claim area hka-yi:-zaun-ei' ywei: de. nei-ya _. .~ ~ .. ~ ., _
Express a-myan ,
First class pa-hta-ma.-dan: ~ ~,.
Platform zin:-jan _~,
Schedule a-hcein-za-ya: , ~ .
Second class du.-ta-ya.-dan: ~ ~,.
Ticket window le'-hma' yaun: de. a-pau' ~~ ~ ._. ~ .~
Gate gei' ~
A. ~~ ~ ____________________ ~ .
le'-hma' we bou. ____________________ gou thwa: ba
B. . _ _. .~ ~ ~ ____________________ ~
hka-mya: ye. hka-yi:-zaun-ei' gou ____________________ hma yu nain ba de
C. ____________________ _. . ~. ~. . ~~ ~~ ~ _ _
____________________ hka-yi:-the-mya: a:-loun: bas-ka: bo te' hpou. le'-hma' shi. ya. me
D. . ~~ , ~~ ~ ~ ____________________ ~ .~.
hka-mya: hpa-lai' be hcein htwe' me hsou da thi. bou. ____________________ gou si'-hsei: ba
216
E. , _______________ ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ .~ ~ ~ ~. _ .
a-myan _______________ ga. pou myan de ba-hpi'-lou.-le:-hsou-do. hma.-tain dain: hma
ma-ya' bu:
F. _ ~. ~ . ~ _________________ ~ . ~~ ~
ya-hta: ta-zi: si ga. _________________ ta-hca: zi hma sai' te
G. _. . ~ ,. ~ ~~ , ~ _______________ ~ .
~~
hka-yi:-the mya: ga-yu.-sai' na: hsin ba hpa-lai' nan-ba' khun-hni'-nga: (dhi) _____________
a-hma' ei hse.-khun-hni' hma. htwe' pa me
8. For each question below, there is a corresponding answer. Match them by writing the letter of each
question on the blank line in front of the appropriate answer. Check your answers with the answer key.
A. ~, .~ _ ~ _ ~. ~~ ~
_ ~
1. ____ ~ ~ ~ ~
ca-no myou.-pa' ya-hta: le'-hma' be hma we
ya. ma le:
____ hou'-ke. lou jin ba de
B. .~. _ ~ . .,~ ~
~. ~ , ~~ ~
2. ____ .~. _ ~ . .,~ ~ ~. ~
, ~. ~~
man:-da-lei:-myou. gou thwa: me. nau' bas-
ka: ga. be a-hcein htwe' ma le:
____ man:-da-lei:-myou. gou thwa: me. nau' bas-ka: ga. mi.-
ni' hna-hse a-twin: htwe' pa me
C. .~. _ ~ . ~ ~,. ~~
~ ~ . ~ .~~ ~
3. ____ ~ _~, .. ,. ~ ~~ ~ ._. ~
.~
man:-da-lei:-myou. gou thwa: me. pa-hta-ma.-
dan: le'-hma' ta-zaun gou be-lau' le:
____ a-hma' ti' zin:-jan bei: na: ga. le'-hma yaun: de. a-pau'
hma ba
D. . ~. .~ ,. ~ ~ ~
~.
4. ____ _ ~. , ~. ~ _~,
~~
hka-mya: pya-din:-pau' na: ga. htain-hkoun
lou jin la:
____ e:-di ya-hta: hse-mi.-ni' a-twin: a-hma' hse.-hcau' zin:-
jan hma sai' pa me
E. .~. _ ~ , _ ~.
_~, ~~ ~
5. ____ , ~
man:-da-lei:-myou. hma. la me. a-myan
ya-hta: be zin:-jan hma sai' ma le:
hcau'-se.-lei: ja. ba
9. Role-play the short dialogues from Exercise 8. Change the cities and numbers.
217
10. What do you hear? Listen to the speaker and determine which statement is spoken. Check
your work with the answer key.
1. A. You must have a ticket to board the bus.
B. You must have a ticket to board the ferry.
2. A. I need a first-class roundtrip ticket to Tuanji.
B. I need a first-class one-way ticket to Tuanji.
3. A. The next express train will depart from platform 15 in 10 minutes.
B The next local train will depart from platform 15 in 10 minutes.
At border crossings and roadblocks
11. Listen to these new words and phrases.
Border ,
Customs .~~ ,
Checkpoint .~. ._. ~
Roadblock ~. , ~.
Passport ~. ~~ ~
Drivers license .. ~
Documents .~~ ~. ~ ~.
Papers ~ ~.
ID card ~ . ~ .
Show me ~, .~ ~
Give me ~, .~ ~ ..
Search .
Inspect .~.
Inspection .~. .~. .
218
Trunk (of a car) ~. .,~ .
Proceed . ~~ .
Rental (car) . ~. ~ ~.
Citizen .
12. At roadblocks and border crossings, officials usually ask questions about driver identification and
vehicle documents. Try to match up the Burmese border crossing requests and questions with their
English equivalents. Check your work with the answer key.
1. . ~. _ ~ ~. .~ ~,
.~ ~
A Give me your drivers license.
hka-mya: ka: ye. sa-ywe'-sa-dan: dwe ca-no. gou
pya. ba
2. . _ ~. ~~ ~ ~, .~ ~
..
B Do you have an ID card?
hka-mya: ye. nain-ngan-ku: le'-hma' ca-no. gou
pei: ba
3. . ~ ~ C Why do you need to go there?
hka-mya: be ga. le:
4. . ~ ._~ . ~ ~ D Show me your car papers.
hka-mya: e:-di gou ba-jaun. thwa: bou. lou dha le:
5. . .. ~ ~, .~ ~ ..
E Give me your passport.
hka-mya: yin-maun:-lain-sin ca-no. gou pei: ba
6. . ~ . ~ . ~. F Where are you from?
hka-mya: hma the'-thei-hkan ka'-pya: shi la:
13. Listen to and read the following dialogue at a border crossing, and then answer the questions
below. Try to guess the meaning of unknown words from the context. Check your work with the answer
key.
Customs Official:
.~~ , _ . _ ~. ~~ ~ , .. ~ ~, .~ ~
..
Car Driver:
.. ~ ~
219
CO:
.~~ , _ . . _ ~, . ~.
CD:
.. ~ ~
CO:
.~~ , _ . ~. _ ~ ~. .~ ~.
CD:
.. ~ . ~. ~ ~.
CO:
.~~ , _ . . ~
CD:
.. .~ _~. _
CO:
.~~ , _ . .~~ _~ ~
CD:
.. ~ _~
CO:
.~~ , _ ~ ~
CD:
.. ~, .~ . ~ ~ .
CO:
.~~ , _ . ~. .,~ . ~ ~, .~ ~ .~. ~
~
CD:
.. ~ ~
CO:
.~~ , _ _ _ .~. ~. ~ ~ . ~~ . _
A. Where is the driver from?
B. Does the driver own the vehicle he is driving?
C. Where is the driver going?
D. Why is he going there?
E. How long will he be there?
F. What does the guard ask the driver to do at the end?
G. Why?
14. Work with a partner. Take turns role-playing the Customs Official and the Car Driver.
220
End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Translate the following sentences into English. Check your work with the answer key.
A. ~, .~ . ,. _ . , ~~ ~ ~ . ~ ~
ca-no pyin:-ma-na:-myou. a-thwa:-a-pyan le'-hma' ta-zaun lou jin ba de
~, .~ ~ _~ ., ~~ _. ~ ~ _~ ., , ~
ca-no nou-win-ba-la. hsei.-hna-ye' nei. htwe' pi: di-zin-ba-la. thoun: ye' nei. pyan la me
B. , _ ~. ~.
di-ha a-myan ya-hta: la:
C. . ,. _ . ~ ~. _~, ~ ~~ ~
pin:-ma-na:-myou. gou thwa:-me. bas-ka: be zin:-jan ga. htwe' ma le:
D. _ ~. ~ , ~ _~, . , ~. ~~
ya-hta: a-hma' thoun:-ze.-lei: a-hma'-thoun: zin:-jan hma. nga:-mi.-ni' a-twin: htwe' pa me
2. Work with a partner or in a small group. Look at the pictures and make up a story. Do you think
these people are arriving or departing? Do you think they are on time? Is their flight late? Mention
their names, age, profession, what they are wearing, and where and why they need to fly or where they
are arriving from. Also, tell how they got to the airport (by car, by bus, by train).
221
Vocabulary List
Arriving/Arrivals hsai' (yau') ~~ ._~
Attention ga-yu.-sai' na:-hsin ba ~ ,. ~
Baggage hka-yi:-zaun-ei' _. .~ ~
Border ne-za' ,
Bus station bas-ka: gei' ~ ~. ~
Checked si'-hsei: .~.
Checkpoint si'-hsei yei: gai' .~. ._. ~
Citizen nain-ngan-dha: .
Customs a-kau-hkun .~~ ,
Delay/ed nau'-ca / hnaun.-hnei: .,~ ~ . ..
Departing/Departures htwe' (hkwa) ~~
Documents a-htau' a-hta: hma'-tan: .~~ ~. ~ ~.
Drivers license yin maun: lain-sin .. ~
Express a-myan ,
First class pa-hta-ma.-dan: ~ ~,.
Flight hpa-lai' ~~
Fly lei-yin si: .~ .
Give me ca-no. gou pei: ba ~, .~ ~ ..
ID card the'-thei-hkan-ka'-pya: ~ . ~ .
Inspect si'-hsei: .~.
Inspection si'-hsei: bou./ si'-hsei: jin: .~. .~. .
Inspector si'-hsei: thu .~.
Late nau'-ca. .,~ ~
One-way a-thwa: (hka-yi:) . _.
On-time a-hcein-mi ,
Papers sa-ywe'-sa-dan: ~ ~.
Passenger hka-yi:-the _.
Passport nain-ngan-ku: le'-hma' ~. ~~ ~
Platform zin:-jan _~,
Proceed shei.-se'-thwa: ._ ~~ .
Rental car hnga:-hta:-de. ka: . ~. ~ ~.
Roadblock lan: a-han.-a-ta: ~. , ~.
Roundtrip a-thwa:-a-pyan (hka-yi:) . , _.
Schedule a-hcein-za-ya: , ~ .
Second class du.-ta-ya.-dan: ~ ~,.
Show me . ca-no. gou pya. ba ~, .~ ~
Terminal ta-mi-na gei' ~ , ~
Ticket le'-hma' ~~ ~
Ticket window le'-hma' yaun: de. a-pau' ~~ ~ ._. ~ .~
222
To board te' ~~
To leave htwe' (hkwa) ~~
To return/come back pyan-la , ~
Train station bu-da-youn ~
Trunk (of a car) ka: nau'-hpoun: ~. .,~ .
Update nau'-hsoun: htou'-pyan-je' .,~ ~. ~~ , ~
Waiting area na:-nei-zaun ,. ., .~
Window seat pya-din:-pau'-na: ga. htain-
hkoun
~. .~ ,. ~ ~
223
ANSWER KEY
Exercise 5
A Schedule , ~ . a-hcein-za-ya:
B Check-in counter .~. ._. .~ ~ si'-hsei:-yei: kaun-ta
C Platform _~, zin:-jan
D Ticket ~~ ~ le'-hma'
E Passengers _. hka-yi:-the
F Baggage _. .~ ~ hka-yi:-zaun-ei'
G Gate ~ gei'
H Waiting area ,. ., .~ na:-nei-zaun
Exercise 7
A. ~~ ~ ._. ~
.~
le'-hma' yaun: de.
a-pau'
Go to the ticket window to buy the tickets.
B. _. .~ ~ ..
~ ., _
hka-yi:-zaun-ei'
ywe: de. nei-ya
You can get your baggage at the baggage claim area.
C. ~ ,. ~ ga-yu.-sai' na:-
hsin ba
Attention! All passengers must have a ticket to board the bus.
D. , ~ . a-hcein-za-ya: Check the schedule to find out when your flight departs.
E. , a-myan The express train is faster because it does not make local stops.
F. _~, zin:-jan Each train arrives at a different platform.
G. ~ gei' Attention, passengers! Flight #725 is departing from gate
A17.
Exercise 8
1. D Do you want a window seat? Yes, please
2. B. When is the next bus to Mandalay? The next bus to Mandalay departs in 20 minutes.
3. A. Where can I buy a local train ticket? You can buy one at the ticket window next to platform one.
4. E. At which platform is the express train from Mandalay arriving? That train will arrive at platform 16 in ten
minutes.
5. C. How much is a first class ticket to Mandalay. It is 64 dollars.
224
Exercise 10
1. A. You must have a ticket to board the bus.
. ~. . ~~ ~~ ~ _ _
hka-mya: ka: bo te' hpou. le'-hma' shi ya. Me
2. B. I need a first-class one-way ticket to Twanji.
~, .~ .~ _~. _ ~ . ~ ~,. . ~~ ~ ~ . ~ ~
ca-no taun-ji:-myou. gou thwa: bou. pa-hta-ma.-dan: a-thwa: le'-hma' ta-zaun lou jin ba de
3. A. The next express train will depart from platform 15 in 10 minutes.
.,~ , _ ~. , ~. ~ _~, ~~
nau' a-myan ya-hta: hse mi.-ni' a-twin: a-hma' hse.-nga: zin:-jan hma. htwe' pa me
Exercise 12
1. D
2. E
3. F
4. C
5. A
6. B
Exercise 13
A. Where is the driver from? From the U.S.
B. Does the driver own the vehicle he is driving? No, it is a rental car.
C. Where is the driver going? Taunggyi
D. Why is he going there? To visit family
E. How long will he be there? Ten days
F. What does the guard ask the driver to do at the end? Open the trunk
G. Why? To do an inspection.
Customs Official: Give me your passport and drivers license.
Car Driver: OK
CO: Are you a U.S. citizen?
CD: Yes.
CO: Do you have papers for this car?
CD: Yes. It is a rental car.
CO: Where are you going?
CD: City.
CO: How long will you be there?
CD: Ten days.
CO: What will you do there?
CD: I will visit my family.
CO: Please open the trunk. We need to do an inspection.
CD: OK.
CO: OK, thank you. You may proceed.
225
Exercise 1
A. I need to buy a roundtrip ticket to Pyinmana, please.
I leave on November 12 and return on December 3.
I want a window seat.
B. Is this an express train?
C. What platform does the bus to Pyinmana leave from?
D. Train 34 is departing from platform three in five minutes.
.
226
Lesson 15
At School
.~.
Sa-thin-caun: hma
This lesson will introduce you to:
- Vocabulary related to classroom activities
- Vocabulary related to being a student
- The education system in Burma.
Cultural note:
There is no such thing as compulsory education in Burma. As long as a student passes his or her
yearly examination, the government freely provides basic education up to high school.
Subjects in Mathematics, basic sciences (e.g. Chemistry, Physics, and Biology), Burmese,
History, and Geography are taught at the primary levels of education in Burma.
Grades are divided into three levels: Primary School ( ~ ~,. .~. mu-la.-dan:-caun:)
which includes grades from Kindergarten through 4th grade, Middle School ( ~ ~, .
.~. a-le-dan:-caun:) which is comprised of 5th grade through 8th grade, and High School
( ~~ ~,. .~. a-hte'-tan:-caun:) which includes the 9
th
and 10
th
grades. In order for a
student to continue on to college or university, he or she needs to pass the matriculation
examination which is usually held at the end of the 10th grade. The average level of education in
Burma is about 10th grade.
227
1. Familiarize yourself with the new vocabulary. Listen to the speaker and read the
following text under each of the pictures.
A student writes on the
blackboard with chalk.
A student raises her hand
to ask a question.
A teacher teaches students
math.
.~. ~ .~~
,. . . , ._.
~
.~. ~ .. ,. ..
~~ ~ .~
~
~ _ ~ .~. . .~
~ .. ~
Students study chemistry in
middle school.
First grade students read a
textbook.
Students will study art in
this class.
.~. . .~ ~ .
~ ~ ~,. .~
~ _~. ~
~ ~,. .~. .
.~ ,. ~
~
.~. . .~
~ ,.
.~ ~ _~.
There is a book, a
notebook, and a calculator.
There is a desk and a chair
in the classroom.
Students write with pens
and pencils.
~ ~
~ , ~,. ..
~ ~ ~
,. ~ .
~ ~. , ~ ~. ~ ~
~. ~
.~. . .~ ~ .~
~ .~ ~ .~ , ._.
~
228
Grammar note:
The generic word for students is: caun:-dha: dwe 'students;' this include all students, both male
and female. But for females it is: caun:-dhu dwe 'female students.'
2. Work with a partner. Look around the classroom. Name the items you see.
class sa-thin-gan: , .
desk za-bwe: .
chair ka-la-htain ~ ~. ~
blackboard cau'-thin-boun: .~~ ,.
chalk myei-byu .
pen ka-laun-dan ~ .~ ~
pencil hke:-dan ~
notebook hma'-su.-sa-ou' ~
computer kun-pyu-ta ~, ~
printer pa-yin-ta _ ~
keyboard ki:-bou' ~. ~
monitor mo-ni-ta . , ~
teacher (M)
teacher (F)
(caun:) hsa-ya
(caun:) hsa-ya-ma.
.~. ~ _
.~. ~ _
student (M)
student (F)
caun:-dha:
caun:-dhu
.~. .
.~.
3. Working with a partner, name the items you bring with you to class and the items found
in your classroom.
~, ~
kun-pyu-ta
.~~ ,.
cau'-thin-boun:
~ ~.
ga-ba-loun:-poun
229
,.
pya.-htan: sa-ou'
~,. .. ~
ga-nan:-paun:-se'
. ~~ .
a-than-thwin:-tei'-hkwei
4. Listen to the dialogue while you read along in the workbook. Underline the new
vocabulary.
What is your name? My name is Maung Maung
hka-mya: na-me be-lou hko ba dha le
(Lit. how is your name called?)
ca-no. na-me maun maun ba
. , ~ . ~
~, .~ , . .
How old are you? I am 16 years old.
hka-mya: a-the' be-lau' le: ca-no. a-the' hse.-hcau' hni' shi. ba bi
. ~ .~~ ~
~, .~ ~ _
What grade are you in? I am in 10
th
grade.
hka-mya: be-hna-tan: le: ca-no hse-dan: ba
. ~,. ~
~, .~ ~ ~,.
What subjects do you study? Math, biology, music, literature, and history.
hka-mya: be ba-tha-ya' twei thin-ca:-lei.-la dha le: thin-hca zi-wa.-bei-da. tei:-gi-ta. sa-pei ne. tha-main: ba
. _ .~ _~. .~ ~
~
~ . .~. ~ . , .
What is your favorite subject? My favorite subject is biology.
hka-mya: a-cai'-hsoun: ba-tha-ya' ka. ba le: ca-no. a-cai'-soun: ba-tha-ya' ka. zi-wa.-bei-da. ba
. _~~ ~. _ ~ ~
~, .~ _~~ ~. _ ~ ~ .
Are you a good student? Yes, Im a good student.
hka-mya: htu:-jun de. caun:-dha: ta-yau' la: hou' pa de ca-no htu:-jun de. caun:-dha: ta-yau' pa
. ~. , ~ .~. . ~ .~ ~. ~ ~ ~, .~ ~. , ~ .~. . ~
.~
What will you do after school? I will go to the college; I want to be a doctor.
hka-mya: caun: pi:-yin ba lou' ma le: ko:-lei' hse' te' me ca-no hsa-ya-wun hpyi' hcin ba de
. .~. _. _ ~ ~ .~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~, .~ ~ _ ,
~
230
What do you like to do after school? After school I like to listen to music.
hka-mya: caun: ga. pyan-la yin ba lou' ta cai' tha le: ca-no caun: ga. pyan-la yin tha-hcin: na:-htaun da cai' pa
te
. .~. ~ , ~ _ ~ ~ _~~
~
~, .~ .~. ~ , ~ _ . ,. .~
~ _~~ ~
5. Listen to and read along with some of the new words you should have underlined
in Exercise 4
grade a-tan: ~,.
subject ba-tha-ya' _
favorite a-cai'-hsoun: _~~ ~.
math thin-hca
biology zi-wa.-bei-da. ~ .
music tei:-gi-ta. .~. ~
literature sa-pei .
history tha-main: .
college ko:-lei' .~ ~
like cai' _~~
listen to na:-htaun ,. .~
Grammar note:
In forming the model who + the form of to like + infinitive in Burmese, the infinitive phrase in
English is expressed with a nominalizer particle ~ ta/da in Burmese, i.e. this particle which
make the verb phrase into a noun phrase is added at the end of the phrase. The sentences below
illustrate the model. Note that NOM stands for nominalizer.
1. ~,. . _~. .~ ~ ~ _~~ ~
hsan:-maun thin-hca thin-ja:-lei.-la da cai. ba de
Lit. San Maung math study NOM like polite realis
'San Maung likes to study math'
2. ~ .~. ~ , ~ _ . ,. .~ ~ _~~ ~
pi-da caun: ga. pyan-la yin tha-hcin: na:-htaun da cai' ba de
Lit. Peter school from return after song listen NOM like polite realis
'Peter likes to listen to music after school'
3. ., . ~ ~ _~~ ~
san-da nya.-nei-bain: hma sa-hpa' hta cai' pa de
Lit. Sanda evening in read NOM like polite realis
'Sanda likes to read in the evenings'
231
4. ~, .~ ~ ~,. ~ ~. . ~ _~~ ~
ca-no dou. a-tan: de: hma ba-ma za-ga: pyo: da cai' pa de
Lit. we class inside in Burmese speak NOM like polite realis
'We like to speak Burmese in our class'
6. Work with a partner and make up a dialogue similar to the one in Exercise 4. List your
favorite subjects, say how good you think you are at each of them, tell what profession you
are going to choose, and say what you like to do after school.
7. Familiarize yourself with the new vocabulary. Listen to the speaker as you go
over the dialogue.
A. Listen to the recording and take notes.
a-than thwin: hta: da gou na:-htaun pi: do. hma'-su. yei: ba
. ~. ~ ~ ,. .~ _. .~ ~ ._.
B. Put your pencils down.
hke:-dan dwei gou hca. hta: ba
~ .~ ~ ~.
C. Write your answer on the blackboard.
a-hpyei gou cau'-thin-boun: bo hma yei: ba
. ~ .~~ ,. . ._.
D. Open your textbooks.
pya. htan: sa-ou' dwei gou hpwin. ba
,. .~ ~
E. Raise your hand if you have a question.
mei:-hkun: mei: za-ya shi. yin le' hmyau' pa
.. ,. .. _ _ ~~ .~
F. Write down your homework, please.
cei-zu:-pyu.-pi: ein-sa dwei gou hca. yei: ba
.~. ~. _. .~ ~ ._.
8. Role-play as a teacher and have the students follow your directions. Use the expressions
from Exercise 7.
232
9. Listen to the following questions and mark the answers that you hear. Check your
answers with the answer key.
1. . .~. ~ ~
hka-mya: caun: hma ba lou' le:
A. I read the textbooks at school.
B. I write letters and numbers in Burmese.
C. I study many subjects.
2. . ~,. ._~ _ ~
hka-mya: be-hna tan: yau' pi le:
A. I am in 5
th
grade.
B. I am in 6
th
grade.
C. I am in 8
th
grade.
3. . _ .~ _~. .~ ~ ~
hka-mya: be ba-tha-ya' twei thin-ca:-lei.-la dha le:
A. Math, Burmese, science, geography, and English.
B. Math, history, science, geography, and English.
C. Math, chemistry, science, geography, and English.
4. . _~~ ~. _ ~ ~
hka-mya: a-cai'-hsoun: ba-tha-ya' ka. ba le:
A. English
B. Geography
C. Science
5. . ~. , ~ .~. . ~ .~ ~.
hka-mya: htu:-jun de. caun:-dha: ta-yau' la:
A. Im very good at English, but Im bad at math.
B. Im very good at geography, but Im bad at math.
C. Im very good at chemistry, but Im bad at math.
10. Work with a partner, and come up with similar dialogues using expressions from
Exercise 9.
233
11. Working in small groups, describe the following pictures. Come up with ages for the
students and the teacher, their names, the subjects they study/teach, what theyre doing
right now, what they are wearing, if they seem to like their class and their teacher, etc.
12. Listen to and read the following text about the students schedule, and then
answer in English the questions below.
PLAY AUDIO
~, , ~
~, ~ ~ ~ .~. ~ .
~, ~ _~. .~ ~ ~
~, ~. , ~
~, ~ . ~
~ , ~ ., . ., , . _~ ., .~ .~. ~ . , _ . ~
.~. ~ , ~ _ ., , , _ ~ ~ . ~
~, . .~ ~ . ~. ~ ~
~ . ~ , _ , ~
., , _~ .~. ., .~ .~. ~ , ,~ , _ . ~
.~. ~ , ~ _ , _ _~ ~~ ~ . ~
~, ., ~ . , _ .~~ _~ ~~ _~ ~
~, _ .~ ~ ., ., ~ , . ., , ,~ . .~ ~ ~
A. What is the students name?
B. Where does she go to school?
C. What does she study?
D. What is her school schedule on Monday, Wednesday and Friday?
E. What is her schedule on Tuesday and Thursday?
F. What job does she have and when does she work?
G. When does the student do homework?
H. What does the student want to do after finishing school?
234
End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Go over the text from Exercise 12 again. Tell the class about your schedule. Use the
questions after the text as an outline for your story.
2. Look at the pictures and tell a story about what you see. Include the grade the students
are in, the subjects they are studying, what the teacher is doing, what the students and
teachers are wearing, etc.
235
3. Read and compare the following texts, and find the errors in the English translations.
Make corrections so that the translation is accurate. Check your work with the answer
key.
1. A. ~, .~ , . . ~, .~ _, ~, ~ . . ,.
., ~ ~, .~ .~ ~,. ._~ _ ~, .~ ~ ~ ~
, ~ ~~ . ~ . ~ ~ _~~ ~
B. My name is Aung Win. Im from Hakha, but now I live in Yangon. Im in fifth grade.
I have many friends. I like music, reading, and basketball.
2A. ~, .~ , . .. ~, .~ .~. ~ . .~ _~.
., ~ ~, .~ , ~ _~~ ~
B. My name is Thein Lwin. Im from Kalemyo, but I live in Sagaing.
I like math and geography.
3. A. ~, .~ , ,. . ~, .~ ~ . _ ~ . _~ ., ..
~
~, .~ . ~,. ._~ _ ~, .~ .~. ~ , ~ .~ ~
_~~ ~ ~, .~ . ~ ~ _ , ~ ~
~ _ ~
B. My name is Chit Hlaing. I was born on August 4, 1989. Im in 9
th
grade.
I like music class and photography. I want to be a doctor, or a photographer.
236
Vocabulary List
Art a-nu.-pyin-nya
Basketball ba'-sa-ka'-bo ~ ~~ .
Biology zi-wa.-be-da. ~ .
Blackboard cau'-thin-boun: .~~ ,.
Busy a-lou'-mya: ~ .
Chair ka-la-htain ~ ~. ~
Chalk myei-byu .
Chemistry da-du.-be-da. ~ .
Class sa-thin-gan: ,.
College/University ko:-lei' / te'-ka-thou .~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Computer kun-pyu-ta ~, ~
Desk za-bwe: .
Elementary School mu-la.-dan: caun: ~ ~,. .~.
English in-ga-lei'-sa ~
Grade a-tan: ~,.
High School a-hte'-tan: ~~ ~,.
History tha-main: .
Homework ein-za
Literature sa-pei .
Math thin-hca
Middle School a-le-dan: ~ ~,.
Music tei:-gi-da. .~. ~
Notebook hma.-su- sa-ou' ~
Pen ka-laun-dan .~ ~
Pencil hke:-dan ~
Photography da'-poun pyin-nya ~
Reading sa-hpa' ta / sa-hpa' hcin: ~ ~ ~ .
student (M)
student (F)
caun:-dha:
caun:-dhu
.~. .
.~.
Subject(s) ba-tha-ya' (twei) _ .~
Tape recorder a-than-thwin:-se' . ~
teacher (M)
teacher (F)
(caun:) hsa-ya
(caun:) sa-ya-ma.
.~. ~ _
.~. ~ _
To like cai' _~~
To read sa-hpa' ~
To study lei.-la-thin-ca: .~ ~ _~.
To write sa-yei: ._.
Listen to the recording a-than thwin: hta: da gou . ~. ~ ~ ,.
237
and take notes. na:-htaun pi: do. hma'-su.
yei: ba
.~ _. .~ ~ ._.
Put your pencils down. hke:-dan dwei gou hca.
hta: ba
~ .~ ~ ~.
Write your answer on the
blackboard.
a-hpyei gou cau'-thin-
boun: bo hma yei: ba
. ~ .~~ ,. .
._.
Open your textbooks. pya.-htan: sa-ou' dwei gou
hpwin. ba
,. .~ ~
Raise your hand! le' hmyau' pa ~~ .~
Write down your
homework, please
cei-zu:-pyu.-pi: ein-sa
dwei gou hca. yei: ba
.~. ~. _. .~ ~
._.
238
ANSWER KEY
Exercise 9
1. What do you do at school?
C. I study many subjects.
C. ~, .~ _ .~ . . _~. .~ ~ ~
ca-no ba-tha-ya' twei a-myou:-myou: thin-ca:-lei.-la ba de
2. What grade are you in?
B. I am in 6
th
grade.
B. ~, .~ .~ ~,. ._~ _
ca-no hcau' tan: yau' pa bi
3. What subjects are you studying?
A. Math, Burmese, science, geography, and English.
A. , ~ , ~
thin-hca myan-ma-za thei'-pan pa-hta-wi ne. in-ga-lei'-sa ba
4. What is your favorite subject?
B. Geography
B. ~
pa-hta-wi ba
5. Are you a good student?
C. Im very good at chemistry, but Im bad at math.
C. ~, .~ ~ . .~ ~ . ~
ca-no da-du.-be-da. hma to ba de da-bei-me. thin-hca hma nyan. de
Exercise 12
A. What is the students name?
Her name is Thu Za
B. Where does she go to school?
She goes to Dagon University
C. What does she study?
She studies English.
D. What is her school schedule on Monday, Wednesday and Friday?
She goes to school from 8:00am until 4:00pm.
E. What is her schedule on Tuesday and Thursday?
She goes to class at 10am, and then at 12:00 she goes to the library to study for three hours.
F. What job does she have and when does she work?
She works as a waitress in a restaurant from 4:00 to 10:00pm on Monday, Wednesday and
Friday.
G. When does the student do homework?
239
She does homework on weekends and in the mornings.
H. What does the student want to do after finishing school?
She wants to be an interpreter.
My name is Thu Za. I am a student at Dagon University. I study English. I want to be an
interpreter. I have a busy schedule. On Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, I go to school at 8:00.
After school, at 4:00pm, I go to work. I work at a restaurant as a waitress. After work, at 10 pm,
I go home. On Tuesday and Thursday, I go to class at 10am. After school, at 12:00, I go to the
library. I study at the library for three hours in the afternoon. I do my homework on the
weekends and in the mornings.
End of Lesson
Exercise 3
Your English translation should be as follows. The corrected errors are in bold.
1. My name is Soe Win. Im from Yangon, but now I live in Pinmana. Im in sixth grade.
I have many friends. I like English, reading, and basketball.
2. My name is Maung Aye. Im from Mandalay, but I live in Taunggyi.
I like math and science.
3. My name is Than Swe. I was born on April 8, 1989. Im in 8
th
grade.
I like music class, art, and photography. I want to be an artist, doctor or a photographer.
240
Lesson 16
Recreation and Leisure
, . . . , . ~ ,
a-pan:-hpei jin: ne. a:-la'-hcein
This lesson will introduce you to:
- Vocabulary related to recreational and leisure activities
- Ways to discuss hobbies in Burmese.
1. Read the sentences with the new vocabulary and try to guess the meaning of any
unknown words.
a-myou:-dha: ne. a-myou:-dha-mi:
ka. ja. de da thu-dou. wa-dha-na ba
thu ga. gi-ta. pyin-nya-shin ba
san:-da-ya: hsa-ya ga.-pwe ta-
hku. hma san:-da-ya: ti: ba de
di a-myou:-tha: da'-
poun yai' pa de
thu ga. da'-poun hsa-
ya ba
. . , . . ~ _~
~ ~ ,
~ ~
. ~ _ ~ ~
. ~. ~
. . ~
~ ~ ~
~ ~ _
da en-da-yu: ba thu ga. bo:-loun: ga-
za: da wa-dha-na pa de
a-myou:-tha: taun bo hma hnin:-
sho:-si: ba de
thu ga. hnin:-sho:-si: da
wa-dha-na pa de
ca-no. tha-nge-jin:
san-di nya.-nei dain:
a-tan: pyi: yin pyei:
ba de
. ~ . ~. ~
. ~ , ~
. . .~ . .
.~ . ~ ~ .
.~ . ~ , ~
~, .~
. ., ~.
~,. . _ ..
~
241
ca-no. a-kou bou:-lin: ga-za: da cai'
te da thu. wa-dha-na ba
nwei-ya-dhi hma ya-dhi-u.-du.
tha-ya yin hka-lei: dwei nei.
dain: yei-ku: ja. de
lu-nge ta-yau' tin:-ni'-
kwin: hma tin:-ni' ga-
za: ba de
~, .~ ~ . ~. ~ .
~ _~~ ~ ,
. _ _ ~
_ ~ .~. .~ ., ~.
._ ~. _~ ~
~ ~ .~
~. , ~. ~.
, ~ . ~
ca-no. a-ma ga. ba-ji hswe: da
cai' te
si'-tha: dwei ywe'-hpyin-te: de:
hma hpe: ga-za: ja. de thu-dou.
hpe: ga-za: da cai' te
thu-dou. lin-ma-ya:
nya.-nei dain: lan:-
shau' ca. de
~, .~ ~ ,. ~ ~
_~~ ~
. .~ ~ ~ ~
~ . _~ ~ ~ ~
. ~ _~~ ~
~ ~ .
., ~. ~. .~~
_~ ~
si'-tha: hna-yau' si'-tu.-yin ga-za: ja. de
da thu-dou. wa-dha-na ba
di a-myou:-dha: gi'-ta ti: pi: tha-hcin: da-
bou' hsou ba de
. . .~ .~ ~ _ ~ . _~
~ ~ ,
. . ~ ~. _. . ~
~ ~
242
Grammar note:
In colloquial Burmese, the word , wa-tha-na 'hobby' usually goes with a verb pa
'participate' to indicate a person's hobby. A linguistic analysis of a Burmese sentence is provided
below.
~ . ~. ~ . ~ , ~
thu ga. bo:-loun: ga-za: da wa-tha-na pa de
Lit. s/he Topic football play NOM hobby participate realis
'his hobby is soccer'
(lit. as for him he participates in the hobby of playing soccer.)
2. Now listen to the speaker. Repeat the new words as many times as you need to feel
comfortable with the pronunciation.
Play (sport) ~ .
Play (music) ~.
Cards
To ski . .~ .
Hobby ,
To dance ~
Tennis ~. ,
Tennis Court ~. , ~.
Play piano . ~.
Musician ~
To take photos ~ ~
Photographer ~ ~ _
To play guitar ~ ~.
To sing . ~
Songs . .~
Chess ~ _
To walk ~. .~~
To swim ._ ~.
Swimming pool ._ ~. ~,
To run ..
To bowl . ~. ~ .
Soccer . ~.
To paint ,. ~ .~.
243
3. Listen to the dialogues as you read them.
1. What will they do after school? A. They will swim after school.
~ .~. ~ , ~ _ ~ _~
~
~ .~. ~ , ~ _ ._ ~. _~
B. They will dance after school.
~ .~. ~ , ~ _ ~ _~
C. They will sing after school.
~ .~. ~ , ~ _ . ~ _~
2. What sports does he play? A. He plays soccer and basketball.
. ~ . ~ ~ . ~ . ~. , ~ ~~ . ~ . ~
B. He plays soccer and volleyball.
. ~. , . ~ . ~ . ~
C. He plays soccer and tennis.
. ~. , ~. , ~ . ~
3. What does she do today? A. She sings songs.
., ~ ~ . .~ ~ ~
B. She paints pictures.
,. ~ ~
C. She takes pictures.
~ ~ ~
4. Do you play chess? A. Yes, I play chess.
. ~ _ ~ . ~. ~ ~ ~, .~ ~ _ ~ . ~
Do you play guitar? B. No, I play the piano.
. ~ ~. ~. ~, .~ ~ ~. . ~, .~ . ~.
~
Do you play piano? C. Yes, I play the piano.
. . ~. ~. ~ ~ ~, .~ . ~. ~
5. What are your hobbies? A. I like to run and take pictures.
. .~ , ~ ~, .~ .. ~ , ~ ~ ~ _~~ ~
244
B. I like to read and swim.
~, .~ ~ ~ , ._ ~. ~ _~~ ~
C. I like to walk and play soccer
~, .~ ~. .~~ ~ , . ~. ~ . ~
_~~ ~
4. Work with a partner and take turns reading the dialogues in Exercise 3.
5. Work with a partner or in a small group and make up exchanges using the models and
phrases from Exercise 3.
6. Reconstruct the questions in Burmese. Check your work with the answer key.
A. - .?
- Yes, I play chess.
hou'-ke. ca-no si'-tu.-yin ga-za: ba de
~ ~ ~, .~ ~ _ ~ . ~
B. - .?
- Yes, I play the piano.
hou'-ke. ca-no san:-da-ya: ti: ba de
~ ~ ~, .~ . ~. ~
C. -?
- My hobbies are running and taking photos.
ca-no pyei: da ne. da'-poun yai' hta cai' pa de
~, .~ .. ~ , ~ ~ ~ _~~ ~
D. - ?
- He plays soccer and basketball.
thu bo:-loun: ne. ba'-sa-ka'-bo: ga-za: pa de
. ~. , ~ ~~ . ~ . ~
E. - ?
- My hobbies are reading and swimming.
ca-no sa-hpa' hta ne. yei-ku: da wa-dta-na pa de
~, .~ ~ ~ , ._ ~. ~ , ~
F. - .?
- She likes to walk and play guitar.
thu lan:-shau' hta ne. gi'-ta ti: da cai' pa de
~. .~~ ~ , ~ ~. ~ _~~ ~
245
7. Read and translate the following text, noting the new vocabulary. Do you understand
all the words in bold? Check the grammar note for some explanations.
Grammar note:
Interval distance or time is expressed in Burmese with a conjuction phrase, ~ ., ga.-nei
'from' ~ a-hti ' 'to'
Burmese has only one word ~. le: for "also" and "too."
~, .~ , ,. .~
~, .~ .~ _~. _ . , ~
~, .~ . , .~ _~. _ ~ .~ _~. .~ ~ ~~ ~
~, .~ ~,. ~ .~ , ~ .~ , ~ _. . ~
~, .~ ~, ~ .~ ~ _~. _. ~ ~ ~ . ~. . . ~.
~ . ~
~, .~ ~,. ~ ., ~. . , _ ~ ., ,. ~ , _ ~ ~
.~. ~ , ~ _ ., ~. , , _ ~ ., , _ ~ . ~. .~ ~ ~
~, .~ . ~. ~ . ~ _~~ ~
~, .~ . .~ , ., ~ , . ~. ~. ~ . ~
~, .~ ._ ~. ~ , ~ ~. ~ ~ ~ . _~~ ~
~, .~ ~ ~. ~ .~. .
., ~ , . ~, .~ . .~ , . , .~ _~. _ . ~.
~. ~ ~ ~ . _~
~, .~ ~ _~~ ~. ~ .~ . ~
~, .~ ~ ~ _. ~ . .~ ~ . _. . _~
ca-no. na-me thein:-zo ba
ca-no taun-ji:-myou. shan:-pyi-ne ga. ba
ca-no shan:-pyi-ne taun-ji:-myou. hma shi. de. taun-ji: ko:-lei' hma te' pa de
ca-no kun-pyu-ta thei'-pan lei.la-thin-ca: bi: te'-ka-thou bo:-loun: a-thin: hma bo:-loun: ga-za: ba
de
ca-no a-tan: kei'-sa. dwei wa-dta-na kei'-sa. dwei ne. a-lou' a-yan: mya: ba de
ca-no. a-tan: ga. nei. dain: shi' na-yi thoun:-ze ga.-nei mun:-lwe: thoun: na-yi a-hti. shi. ba de
caun: ga. pyan-la yin nei. dain: lei: na-yi ga.-nei hcau' na-yi a-hti bo:-loun: lei.-cin. ba de
ca-no bo:-loun: ga-za: da cai' te
ca-no. tha-nge-jin: dwei ne. sa-nei ta-nin:-ga-nwei dain: hma le: ga-za: ba de
ca-no yei-ku: da ne. gi'-ta ti: da gou le: cai' pa de
ca-no gi'-ta ti: da thei' ma-kaun: bu:
di sa-nei ta-nin:-ga-nwei hma ca-no. tha-nge-jin: dwei: ne. shan:-pyi-ne taun-ji:-myou. a:-ga-za:-
gwin: hma lou' me. ka.-bwe: gou thwa: ja. me
ca-no-dou. a-cai'-hsoun: a-hsou-do tha-hcin: hsou me
ca-no-dou. ka.-bwe: pi: de. a-hka sa:-thau'-hsain thwa: bi: nya.-za sa: ja. me
246
8. Now read the text as many times as you want and mark the following statements as
either True or False. Check your work with the answer key.
A. _____,. .~ Thein Zaw is from .~ _~. _ Taunggyi
. , Shan State
B. _____He is a high school student at .~ _~. .~ ~ Taunggyi college
in .~ _~. _ Taunggyi . , Shan State
C. _____ ,. .~ Thein Zaw studies chemistry.
D. _____ ,. .~ Thein Zaw plays on the university soccer team.
E. _____ He has class every day from 8:30 to 3:00.
F. _____ ,. .~ Thein Zaw likes to swim and play the piano.
H. _____After the concert ,. .~ Thein Zaw will go home to do his homework.
9. Work with a partner or in a small group, and make up a description of a busy schedule.
Use the statements from Exercise 8 as an outline for your story. The pictures given below
can help you choose the activities to describe.
247
The above picture shows _ ~~ a-nyin.-zat-bwe:, a popular Burmese musical play (a
type of stage-show).
10. Listen to the vocabulary as you look at the pictures. Try to match the Burmese
words with the pictures. Check your answers with the answer key.
1 2 3
4 5 6
._ ~. ~, yei-ku:-gan
. ~. ~. bo:-loun: gwin:
~. , ~. tin:-ni' kwin:
. ~. ~ . ~. bou:-lin: ga-za:-gwin:
. ~ . .~ ~ ._. ,. a:-ga-za:-lei.-cin.-yei:-hkan:-ma.
. ~ . ~. a:-ga-za:-gwin:
248
11. Read the statements below and think about their meanings. Cross out the words or
phrases that do not make sense, and replace them with an appropriate word from the list
below. Check your work with the answer key.
. ~ . .~ ~ ._. ,.
a:-ga-za:-lei.-cin.-yei:-hkan:-ma.
. ~. ~ . ~.
bou:-lin: ga-za: gwin:
._ ~. ~,
yei-ku:-gan
. ~ . ~.
a:-ga-za:-gwin:
~. , ~.
tin:-ni' kwin:
~ . ~.
ga-za:-gwin:
A. .~. . .~ ~. , ~. . ~ . ~ . _~ ~
caun:-dha:-dwei tin:-ni' kwin: hma bo-li-bo: ga-za: ja. de
B. ~ .~. .~ . ~ . ~. ._ ~. _~ ~
hka-lei'-dwei a:-ga-za:-gwin: hma yei-ku: ja. de
C. ,. .~. .~ .~ . . ~. ~ . _~ ~
mein:-hka-lei:-dwei taun-po hma bou:-lin: ga-za: ja. de
D. ~, .~ . .~ . ~. ~ . ~. .. . _~ ~
ca-no. tha-nge-jin:-dwei bou:-lin: ga-za: gwin: hma pyei: bou. thwa: ja. de
E. . ~. ~ .~. .~ ._ ~. ~, ~ . ~. ~ . _~ ~
yau'-ca: ga-lei:-dwei yei-ku:-gan de: hma bo:-loun: ga-za: ja. de
12. Listen to the statements and mark the ones that you hear.
1. A. She will swim after school.
B. She will dance after school.
C. She will sing after school.
2. A. He likes to play soccer and basketball.
B. He likes to play soccer and volleyball.
C. He likes to play soccer and tennis.
249
3. A. She doesnt sing, but she plays piano.
B. She doesnt paint pictures, but she takes photographs.
C. She doesnt dance, but she sings.
4. A. Do you play chess? No, I play checkers.
B. Do you play guitar? No, I play piano.
C. Do you play piano? Yes, I play piano.
5. A. What are your hobbies? I like to run and sing.
B. What are your hobbies? I like to read and dance.
C. What are your hobbies? I like to walk and play cards.
13. Work with a partner. Look at the pictures and make up dialogues about someones
hobbies. Use the models and phrases from Exercise 12.
250
End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Answer the following questions in Burmese.
A. What is your favorite sport or recreational activity?
B. How often do you participate in your activity?
C. What is your favorite hobby?
D. What did you do last weekend?
E. What will you do next weekend?
2. Work with a partner or in a small group. In Burmese, describe the pictures below,
using the vocabulary you have learned in this lesson.
251
Vocabulary List
Bowling alley bou:-lin: ga-za:-gwin: . ~. ~. ~.
Bowling bou:-lin: . ~.
Cards hpe:
Chess si'-tu.-yin ~ _
Computer science kon-pyu-ta-thei'-pan ~, ~
Gymnasium a:-ga-za:-lei.-cin.-yei:
hkan:-ma.
. ~ . .~ ~ ._. ,.
Hobby wa-dha-na ,
Paint pictures ba-ji hswe: ,. ~
Playing field ga-za: gwin: ~ . ~.
To bowl bou:-lin: ga-za: . ~. ~ .
To dance ka. ~
To play chess, cards; play
soccer, volleyball; play a
piano, a guitar
si'-tu.-yin, hpe: ga-za: ;
bo:-loun:, bo-li-bo: ga-
za: ; san:-da-ya:, gi'-ta ti:
~ _ ~ . . ~.
. ~ . ~ . .
~ ~.
To run pyei: ..
To sing tha-hcin:-hsou . ~
To ski hnin:-sho:-si: . .~ .
To swim yei-ku: ._ ~.
To take pictures da'-poun yai' ~ ~
Soccer field bo:-loun:-gwin: . ~. ~.
Songs tha-hcin:-dwei . .~
Stadium a:-ga-za:-gwin: . ~ . ~.
Swimming pool yei-ku:-gan ._ ~. ~,
Tennis tin:-ni' ~. ,
Tennis court tin:-ni' kwin: ~. , ~.
252
ANSWER KEY
Exercise 6
A. Do you play chess?
. ~ _ ~ . ~.
hka-mya: si'-tu.-yin ga-za:
la:
B. Do you play the piano?
. . ~. ~.
hka-mya: san:-da-ya: ti: la:
C. What are your hobbies?
. .~ , ~
hka-mya: ba dwei wa-dha-
na pa dha le:
D. What sports does he play?
. ~ . .~ ~ . ~
thu be a:-ga-za:-dwei ga-za:
dha le:
E. What are your hobbies?
. .~ , ~
hka-mya: ba dwei wa-dha-
na pa dha le:
F. What does she like to do?
~ ~ _~~ ~
thu ba lou' hta cai' dha le:
Exercise 7
My name is Thein Zaw. I am from Taunggyi, Shan State. I go to college at Taunggyi College in
Taunggyi, Shan State. I am very busy with my classes and my hobbies. I study computer
science, and I play on the university soccer team. I have class every day from 8:30 to 3:00 in
the afternoon. After school I have soccer practice every day from 4:00 to 6:00. I like to play
soccer. My friends and I play on the weekends too. I also like to swim and to play the guitar.
Im not very good at the guitar. This weekend my friends and I will go to a concert at the
stadium in Taunggyi, Shan State. Our favorite singer will sing. After the concert we will go to a
restaurant and have dinner.
Exercise 8
A. T Thein Zaw is from Taunggyi, Shan State.
B. F He is a high school student at Taunggyi college in Taunggyi, Shan State.
C. F Thein Zaw studies chemistry.
D. T Thein Zaw plays on the university soccer team.
E. T He has class every day from 8:30 to 3:00.
F. F Thein Zaw likes to swim and play the piano.
H. F After the concert Thein Zaw will go home to do his homework.
Exercise 10
1. Bowling Alley bou:-lin: ga-za:-gwin: . ~. ~ . ~.
2. Gymnasium a:-ga-za:-lei.-cin.-yei:-hkan:-ma. . ~ . .~ ~ ._. ,.
3. Soccer field bo:-loun:-gwin: . ~. ~.
4. Stadium a:-ga-za:-gwin: . ~ . ~.
253
5. Swimming pool yei-ku:-gan ._ ~. ~,
6. Tennis court tin:-ni' kwin: ~. , ~.
Exercise 11
A. .~. . .~ . ~ . .~ ~ ._. ,. ~ . ~ . ~ . _~ ~
caun:-dha:-dwei a:-ga-za:-lei.-cin.-yei:-hkan:-ma. hma bo-li-bo: ga-za: ja. de
A. The students play volleyball in the gymnasium.
B. ~ .~. .~ ._ ~. ~, ~ ._ ~. ~
hka-lei'-dwei yei-ku:-gan de: hma yei-ku: ja. de
B. The children swim in the swimming pool.
C. ,. .~. .~ . ~. ~ . ~. ~ . ~. ~ . _~ ~
mein:-hka-lei:-dwei bo:-lin: ga-za:-gwin: de: hma bo:-lin: ga-za: ja. de
C. The girls go bowling in the bowling alley.
D. ~, .~ . .~ . ~ . ~. ~ .. . _~ ~
ca-no. tha-nge-jin:-dwei a:-ga-za:-gwin: de: hma pyei: bou. thwa: ja. de
D. My friends go for a run in the stadium.
E. . ~. ~ .~. .~ ~ . ~. ~ . ~. ~ . ~
yau'-ca: ga-lei:-dwei ga-za: gwin: de: hma bo:-loun: ga-za: ja. de
E. Boys play soccer on the playing field.
Exercise 12
1. C She will sing after school.
.~. ~ , ~ _ . ~
2. A He likes to play soccer and basketball.
. ~. , ~ ~~ . ~ . ~ _~~ ~
3. B She doesnt paint pictures, but she takes photographs.
,. ~ . . ~ ~ ~
4. B Do you play guitar? No, I play piano.
. ~ ~. ~.
~, .~ ~ ~. . . ~. ~
5. B What are your hobbies? I like to read and dance.
. .~ , ~
~, .~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ _~~ ~
.
254
Lesson 17
Health and the Human Body
~, . ._. , ~ ~
can:-ma-ye: ne. lu. hkan-da-kou
This lesson will introduce you to:
- Vocabulary related to the human body
- Asking questions about a persons state of health
- Answering questions about health conditions
- Typical exchanges at the doctors office.
1. Listen to the new vocabulary and repeat after the speaker.
Abdomen wan:-bai'
. ~
Arm le'-maun:
~~ ..
Back nau'-co:
.,~ .~
Chest yin-ba'
_ ~
Chin mei:-zei.
.. .
Ear na-ywe'
,. ~
Elbow da-daun-zi'
~ .~ ~
Eye mye'-si.
~
Face mye'-hna
~
Fingers le'-hcaun:-dwei
~~ .. .~
Foot/Feet hcei-hpa-wa:/
hcei-hpa-wa: dwei
. .. . .~
Genitals myou:-pwa:-in-ga-
dwei
. . .~
Groin paun-jan
. _
Hair za-bin
~
Hand le'
~~
Head gaun:
..
Heart hna-loun:
~.
255
2. In Burmese, name the body parts that come in pairs. Check your work with the answer
key.
3. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate body part in Burmese. Check your answers with
the answer key.
~
.~
,. ~
.~
.
.~~
.~
. . .. ~~ ~ . .
mye'-si.-
dwei
na-ywe'-
dwei
hcei-dau'
-dwei
hcei-hpa-
wa:
gaun: le' le-bin: ba-za'
A. I use my ____________ to read a book.
B. I listen to music with my _____________.
C. Walking is good for my ____________.
D. I wear shoes and socks on my _____________.
E. In the winter, I wear a hat on my __________, gloves on my ___________, and a scarf
around my __________.
F. I eat and drink with my __________________.
Grammar note:
The word . hkan-za: 'to feel' is not usually used to express a feeling of sickness in colloquial
Burmese. The sentence, "I feel sick" in English would be said best as ~, .~ . ., ~
ca-no hpya: nei de which literally means "I am sick" in Burmese. Note that the word ., nei 'stay'
is usually used as a second-verb (i.e. adding to the main verb) to express such a feeling, since
sickness normally indicates a continuous state.
256
How do you feel? I feel sick.
hka-mya: be-lou nei le: ca-no hpya: nei de
. ~ ., ~ ~, .~ . ., ~
I feel weak.
ca-no a:ne: nei de
~, .~ . ,. ., ~
I feel bad.
ca-no nei ma-kaun: bu:
~, .~ ., .~. .
What symptoms do you have? I have a sore throat.
hka-mya: hma ba yo:-ga-le'-hka-na ga. dwei
shi. le
ca-no le-jaun: na de
. ._ ~~~ .~ _ ~ ~, .~ ~ .. , ., ~
I have a fever.
ca-no. hma a-hpya: shi. de
~, .~ . _ ~
I have a headache.
~, .~ .. ~~ ., ~
ca-no gaun:-kai' nei de
Where does it hurt? My left ankle hurts.
be nei-ya na le: ca-no. be-be' hcei-jin:-wu' na nei de
., _ , ~ ~, .~ ~ . . ~ , ., ~
My back hurts.
ca-no. nau'-co: na nei de
~, .~ .,~ .~ , ., ~
My stomach hurts.
ca-no. bai' na nei de
~, .~ ~ , ., ~
257
4. Listen to the following questions and answers, and read along in the workbook.
A. How do you feel? I feel sick.
hka-mya: be-lou nei le: ca-no hpya: nei de
. ~ ., ~ ~, .~ . ., ~
B. What is the matter with her? Her leg hurts.
thu ba phyi' nei da le: thu hcei-dau' na nei de
., ~ ~ . .~~ , ., ~
C. How do you feel? My head hurts.
hka-mya: be-lou nei le: ca-no. gaun: na nei de
. ~ ., ~ ~, .~ .. , ., ~
D. Are you in pain? Yes, my arm is broken.
hka-mya: na nei la: hou' ke. ca-no. le'-maun: cou: nei ba de
. , ., ~. ~ ~ ~, .~ ~~ .. ~. ., ~
E. Where does it hurt? My stomach hurts.
be na: na le: ca-no bai' na nei de
,. , ~ ~, .~ ~ , ., ~
F. Are you sick? No, Im pregnant.
hka-mya: hpya: nei la: ma-hou' pa bu: ca-ma. kou-wun shi. nei da ba
. . ., ~. ~ . ~, ~ , ., ~
5. Work with a partner, and role-play the dialogues from Exercise 4.
5a. Practice creating complete sentences out of the words below.
Hip tin-ba:
~ .
Knee du:-gaun:
. ..
Leg hcei-dau'
. .~~
Mouth ba-za'
.
Neck le-bin:
~ .
258
Nose hna-hkaun:
..
Pelvis tin-ba:-you:
~ . _.
Shoulder pa-hkoun
.
Stomach bai'/(a-sa-ein)
~
Toes hcei-jaun:- dwei
. .. .~
Tooth/Teeth thwa:/thwa:-dwei
.. .~
Waist hka:
.
6. Match each picture with the corresponding statement. Check your work with the
answer key.
A B C
1. ~ . . . ., ~ ~ . ~ , ., ~
di nge-ywe de. a-myou:-dha-mi: phya: nei da ma-hou' pa bu: thu kou-wun shi. nei da ba
2. .~ .~. . _ _. ~ .. , ., ~ _. .~ ~ ~~ ~~
., ~ _. .~ . _. . ~. ., ~ ~.~. ., ~
gaun-ma.-lei a-hpya: shi. bi: le-jaun:-na nei de pi:-do. kou-le' kai'-hke: nei de pi:-do. hna-
hce bi: hcaun:-hsou: nei de thu tou'-kwei:-mi. nei de
3. .~ .~. , _. ~ , ., ~
gaun-lei an-jin bi: bai' na nei de
Grammar note:
To have the flu is expressed in colloquial Burmese as 'to catch a flu' as in ~.~. ., ~
thu tou'-kwei:-mi. nei de 'she has a flu' (lit. "she catches a flu").
259
7. Work with a partner and role-play as the doctor and patient. Use the questions from
Exercise 5 as a model. Use the phrases from Exercise 6 to describe your symptoms.
8. Read the list of the typical symptoms for each ailment.
Flu tou'-kwei
~.~.
Fever a-phya:
.
Congestion hcwe:-ca'-ta
~ ~
Sore throat le-jaun:-na-da
~ .. , ~
Body aches kou-le' kai'-hke:-da
~ ~~ ~~ ~
Sneezing hna-hcei-da
. ~
Coughing hcaun:-hsou:-da
.. ~. ~
Head cold hna-sei:-da
.. ~
Congestion hcwe:-ca'-ta
~ ~
Sore Throat le-jaun:-na-da
~ .. , ~
Sneezing hna-hcei-da
. ~
Coughing hcaun:-hsou:-da
.. ~. ~
Severe Pain a-yan:-na-da
_. , ~
Broken Bone a-you:-cou:-da
. ~. ~
Swelling yaun-da
._ ~
Bruise a-nyou-a-me:
-swe:-da/pun: -pe.-da
. ~
,. ~
Bleeding thwei:-htwe'-da
.. ~~ ~
Sprain a-hsi'-mye'-da
~ ~ ~
Bruise a-nyou-a-me:
-swe:-da/pun: -pe.-da
. ~
,. ~
Swelling yaun-da
._ ~
Pain na-cin-kai'-hke:-da
, ~ ~~ ~
260
9. Look at the chart of symptoms in Exercise 8. Work with a partner or in a small group
and develop questions the doctor can ask about ones symptoms to be able to diagnose the
problem. Use the following model to create a dialogue.
Model: - Do you have fever?
- No, I dont.
- Do you have a cough and body aches?
- No, doctor.
- Thats very good. You dont have flu. Its a cold.
- Thank you, doctor.
- You are welcome.
~~ ta le'-ma. '1 inch' = ~ ~ hni' da.-ta-ma. nga: sin-di-mi-da '2.5 cm'
. ta pei '1 ft' = ~ ~ thoun:-ze: sin-di-mi-da '30 cm'
~ ~ taya sin-di-mi-da '100 cm' = ~ ta -mi-da '1 meter'
. ta paun '1 lb' = ,, ~ ~ _ thoun-nya. da.-ta-ma lei-nga:-lei: ki-lou-ga-yan.
'0.454 kg'
- How tall is he, and how much does he weigh?
thu. a-ya' be-lau shi le: pi:-do. kou-a-lei:-jein be-lau' shi. le:
_ .~~ ~ _. .~ ~ .~. , .~~ ~
- He is 70 inches tall and weighs 185 pounds.
thu. a-ya' ka. le'-ma. hkun-hna-she shei bi: kou-a-lei-jein ga. paun ta-ya.-shi.-hse-nga: shi. ba de
_ ~ ~~ _. ~ .~. , ~ . . ~
- How tall are you? How much do you weigh?
hka-mya: a-ya' be-lau shei le: hka-mya: kou-a-lei:-jein be-lau' shi. le:
. _ .~~ ~ . ~ .~. , .~~ ~
- I am 66 inches tall and weigh 120 pounds.
ca-no. a-ya' ka. le'-ma. hcau'-hce-hcau' shei bi: kou-a-lei-jein ga. paun ta-ya.-hna-hse shi. ba de
~, .~ _ ~ ~~ _. ~ .~. , ~ . ~
10. Work with a partner. Take turns asking each other about your height and weight. Do
not forget to use the units of measure appropriate for Burma.
261
11. Listen to the speaker while you read the statements below. Translate each
exchange. You can check the English translation in the answer key.
A. . ~ ., ~
hka-mya: be-lou nei le:
~, .~ ., .~. . , ~
ca-no thei' nei ma-kaun: bu: an-jin de
B. . ~ ., ~
hka-mya: be-lou nei le:
~, .~ ., .~. ~ . ,. ,. , ~
ca-no nei gaun: ba de da-bei-me. ne:-ne: an-jin de
C. . ~ ., ~
hka-mya: be-lou nei le:
~, .~ ., .~. . . , .~ , .
ca-no thei' nei ma-kaun: bu: da-bei-me. an do. ma-an-jin bu:
D. ~, .~ . .~~ ~. . ~ ~ ~ .~. ~. _. ~ , ~ ~. . ..
ca-no. hcei-dau' cou: thwa: de htin de ce:-zu:-pyu.-bi: lu-na-tin-ka: hko pei: ba
E. . .~~ ~. . ~ ~ ~, .~ ~ ~ .~. ~. _. ~ , ~ ~. . ..
thu. hcei-dau' cou: thwa: de lou. ca-no htin de ce:-zu:-pyu.-bi: lu-na-tin-ka: hko pei: ba
F. . .~~ ~. . ~. ~, .~ ~ ~ .~. ~. _. ~ , ~ ~. . ..
thu. hcei-dau' cou: thwa: la: ca-no din hta be: ce:-zu:-pyu.-bi: lu-na-tin-ka: hko pei: ba
262
12. What do you hear? Listen to the speaker and mark each statement that you
hear. Check your work with the answer key.
1. A. Where does it hurt? My stomach hurts.
B. Where does it hurt? My back hurts.
C. Where does it hurt? My neck hurts.
2. A. What are your symptoms? I have a fever and a headache.
B. What are your symptoms? I have a fever and a stomachache.
C. What are your symptoms? I have a fever and my body aches.
3. A. How do you feel? I dont feel well. Im nauseous.
B. How do you feel? I feel fine, but Im a little nauseous.
C. How do you feel? I dont feel well, but Im not nauseous.
4. A. I think I broke my leg. Please call an ambulance!
B. I think he broke his leg. Please call an ambulance!
C. Did he break his leg? I think so, please call an ambulance!
263
End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Ask and answer the following questions in Burmese. Check the answer key for a
translation of the questions.
A. When you have the flu, what are your symptoms?
B. Are you taking any medications?
C. Have you ever broken a bone? If yes, which one(s)?
D. What is your height and weight?
E. How often do you see a doctor? Every month? Every year? Every 3 years?
2. Tell the class what you do in order to keep a healthy weight? Do you exercise? What
types of exercise do you do? How often and for how long do you exercise? Do you have a
special diet? What kind? What do you eat and not eat? Give an example of your menu.
What do you order when you eat out? How does it affect your diet the next day?
3. Work with a partner or in a small group. Describe the picture below.
264
Vocabulary List
Abnormal poun-hman ma-hou'-da
, ~ ~
Allergies ta-hku.-gu. ne. ma-te.-da
~ , ~ ~
Ambulance lu-na-tin-ka:
~ , ~ ~.
Arm le'-maun:
~~ ..
Chest yin-ba'
_ ~
Chin mei:-zei.
.. .
Are you in pain? hka-mya: na ne la:
. , ., ~.
Are you taking any
medication?
hka-mya: hsei: thau' la:
. .~. .~ ~.
Body aches kou-le' kai-hke: da
~ ~~ ~~ ~
Broken bone cou:-nei-de. a-you:
~. ., ~ .
Bruise a-nyou-a-me:-swe:-da / pun: -
pe.-da
. ~ ,.
~
Call an ambulance! lu-na-din-ga: hko lai'
~ , ~ ~. . ~~
Congestion cwe:-ca' hta
~ ~
Coughing hcaun:-hsou:-da
.. ~. ~
Ear na-ywe'
,. ~
Elbow da-daun-hsi'
~ .~ ~
Eye mye'-si.
~
Fingers le'-hcaun:-dwei
~~ .. .~
Foot hcei-hpa-wa:
. .
Feel hkan-sa: / nei
. .,
Fever a-hpya:
.
Flu/Influenza tou'-kwei
~.~.
Hand le'
~~
Head gaun:
..
Hip tin-ba:
~ .
Knee du:-gaun:
. ..
Help! ku-nyi ba
~
How do you feel? hka-mya: be-lou nei le:
. ~ ., ~
Hurt na
,
Leg hcei-dau'
. .~~
Mouth ba-za'
.
Nose hna-hkaun:
,. ..
265
Neck le-bin:
~ .
Medicine hsei:
.~.
Nausea an-jin da
, ~
Pain na da/ kai-hke: da
, ~~~ ~
Pregnant kou-wun shi.
~ , _
Shoulder pa-hkoun:
.
Toes hcei-jaun:-dwei
. .. .~
Waist hka:
.
Sick hpya:
.
Sneezing hna-hcei-da
. ~
Sore throat le-jaun:-na-da
~ .. , ~
Stomach bai'/(a-sa-ein)
~
Stomach cramps bai' aun. da
~ . ~
Strain mye' hta
~ ~
Swelling yaun-da
._ ~
Symptoms yo-ga-le'-hka-na-dwei
._ ~~~ .~
What is the matter? ba hpyi' da le:
~ ~
Where does it hurt? be na: na le:
,. , ~
266
ANSWER KEY
Exercise 2
ears ,. ~ .~
na-ywe'-dwei
elbows ~ .~ ~ .~
da-daun-zi'-dwei
eyes ~ .~
mye'-si.-dwei
feet . . .~
hcei-hpa-wa:-dwei
hands ~~ .~
le'-dwei
knees . .. .~
du:-gaun:-dwei
shoulders . .~
pa-hkoun:-dwei
arms ~~ .. .~
le'-maun:-dwei
legs . .~~ .~
hcei-dau'-dwei
hips ~ . .~
tin-ba:-dwei
Exercise 3
A. eyes ~ .~
mye'-si.-dwei
B. ears ,. ~ .~
na-ywe'-twei
C. legs . .~~ .~
hcei-dau'-twei
D. feet . . .~
hcei-hpa-wa:-dwei
E. head, hands, neck .. ~~ .~ ~ .
gaun:, le'-twei, le-bin:
F. mouth .
ba-za'
Exercise 6
A. 2 The little girl has a fever, a sore throat, and body aches, and she is sneezing and coughing.
She has the flu.
B. 1 The young woman is not sick. She is pregnant.
C. 3 The little boy is nauseous and has a stomachache.
267
Exercise 11
A. How do you feel? I dont feel well. Im nauseous.
B. How do you feel? I feel fine, but Im a little nauseous.
C. How do you feel? I dont feel well, but Im not nauseous.
D. I think I broke my leg. Please call an ambulance!
E. I think he broke his leg. Please call an ambulance!
F. Did he break his leg? I think so. Please call an ambulance!
Exercise 12
1. B. Where does it hurt? My back hurts.
be na: na le: ca-no. nau'-co: na nei de
,. , ~ ~, .~ .,~ .~ , ., ~
2. A. What are your symptoms? I have a fever and a headache.
hka-mya: ye. yo:-ga-le'-hka-na ga. ba dwei le ca-no a-hpya: shi. bi: gaun:-kai' pa de
. _ ._ ~~~ ~ .~ ~ ~, .~ . _ _. .. ~~ ~
3. A. How do you feel? I dont feel well. Im nauseous.
hka-mya: be-lou nei le: ca-no thei' nei ma-kaun: bu: an-jin de
. ~ ., ~ ~, .~ ., .~. . , ~
4. C. Did he break his leg? I think so, please call an ambulance!
thu. hcei-dau' cou: thwa: dha la: ca-no htin hta be: ce:-zu:-pyu.-bi: lu-na-tin-ka: hko pei: ba
. .~~ ~. . ~. ~, .~ ~ ~ .~. ~. _. ~ , ~
~. . ..
End of Lesson Exercise 1
A. When you have the flu, what are your symptoms? . ~.~. ~ . _ ._
~~~ ~ .~ ~
B. Are you taking any medications? . .~. .~ ~.
C. Have you ever broken a bone? If yes, which one(s)? . _. ~. . ~. ~. .
_ _. ~
D. What is your height and weight? . _ , ~ .~. , .~~ ~
E. How often do you see a doctor? Every month? Every year? Every 3 years? . ~ _
, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~. ~. ~. ~. ~ _~ ~.
268
Lesson 18
Political and International Events
._. , ~ ~ ~ .
nain-ngan-ye: ne. nain-ngan-da-ka a-phyi'-a-pye' mya:
This lesson will introduce you to:
- Vocabulary associated with politics and international issues
- How they are reported in the Burmese news
- How to read and understand political events written in the Burmese newspapers.
Cultural note:
Burma has been ruled by a military government since 1988. In the 1990s an election was held
and the National League for Democracy (NLD) party, the party of Aung San Suu Kyi, won that
election. But the military government did not honor the results of the election. Instead, many
members have been arrested and imprisoned, and Aung San Suu Kyi has been under house arrest
until now.
The current leader of Burma is Senior General Than Shwe. There are about 20 political parties in
Burma. But these parties are not allowed to exercise their rights, such as freedom of speech,
freedom to assemble, and freedom to advocate their political ideologies.
The main problem in Burma is a lack of representative government. The military is the sole and
only authority in the country. The despotic decisions of the generals are final in all matters. As a
result, there have been abuses of human and religious rights, and racial oppression.
In a way, the military government itself is a radical political party since it holds the power of the
government at gunpoint in Burma.
269
1. Familiarize yourself with these political terms.
Government a-sou:-ya. . _
Prime minister wun-ji:-jou' , _~.
President tha-ma-da. ~
Leader gaun:-zaun .. .~
Dictator a-na-shin ~
Parliament u.-pa-dei-pyu.-hlwa'-to . ~~ .~
Ministry wun-ji:-hta-na. , _~. ,
Election ywei:-kau'-pwe: .. .~~
Officials a-ya-shi.-dwei _ .~
Political Party nain-ngan-yei: pa-ti ._. ~
Vote hsan-da.-me: ~
Republic tha-ma-da.-nain-ngan ~
State pyi-ne ,
Democracy di-mo-ka-yei-si ~ ._
Democratic di-mo-ka-yei-si sa-ni. ~ ._ ,
Term of office tha'-hma' ka-la. ~ ~ ~ ~
Policy mu-wa-da.
Human Rights lu.-a-hkwin.-a-yei: ~ ._.
Religious ba-tha-yei: ._.
Racial lu-myou:-yei: ~ . ._.
Radical a-swan:-yau' ,. ._~
World ga-ba ~
Conflict pa-ti.-pe'-hka. _ ~
War si'-pwe:
Invade cu:-co-tai'-hkai' ~. .~ ~~ ~
Nuclear weapons nyu-ka-li:-ya: le'-ne' dwei ~ ~. . ~~ ,~ .~
2. Listen to and read the following statements. While reading, note the use of new
vocabulary.
The Iraqi leader i-ya' gaun:-zaun _~ .. .~
The Russian officials ru.-sha: a-ya-shi. dwei . _ .~
The South African
government
taun a-hpa-yi.-ka. a-sou:-ya. .~ _ ~ . _
Religious differences ba-tha-yei: kwe:-bya: mu. dwe ._. ~ . .~
270
Middle East conflict a-shei. a-le-bain: pa-ti.-pe'-hka. . ~ . _ ~
The war in Iraq i-ya' si'-pwe: _~
The radical political party a-swan:-yau' nain-ngan-yei: pa-ti ,. ._~ ._. ~
Islamic fundamentalism i'-sa-lan a-swan:-yau' wa-di ~ ,. ._~
The President of the United States is George Bush.
a-mei-yi.-kan pyi-htaun-su. ye. tha-ma-da. ga. jo.-bush ba
. _ ~, .~ _ ~ ~ .
Japan and Great Britain have prime ministers.
ja-pan ne. byi.-tein nain-ngan dwei hma wun-ji:-jou' twei shi. ba de
, , _ ~, .~ , _~. .~ ~
This was the first political election in that country.
da e:-di nain-ngan ye. pa-hta-ma. hsoun: a-cein ywei:-kau'-pwe: ba
_ ~ ~. _~ .. .~~
Human rights are a very important issue in the world today.
ya-nei. ga-ba hma lu. a-kwin.-a-yei: ha a-lun a-yei: ci: de. kei'-sa. ba
., ~ ~ ._. ~, ._. _~. ~ ~
Cultural note:
In Burma, political news is reported only by the government news agency. The size of the
picture, where the picture appears (front page or elsewhere, etc.) indicates the ranking of a
particular government official. For example, the picture of the countrys leader, Senior General
Than Swe, would take half of the front page of a newspaper.
The newspapers and the media are totally controlled by the military government in Burma. There
are several steps of censorship before a news item will appear in the newspaper and media.
3. Listen to and read the following news report from Burma. Then answer the
questions that follow. Check your work with the Answer Key.
PLAY AUDIO
_ ~ ~ _~
~ . _~. ,. . ~. , _~. ~ ~ , . ,
_ .~ ., .~ ~ ., ., . ~~ .~ ~ ~. , _~.
~ ~ ~ . ._. , _~. , , _~. ~, ~ ~ , ,. ~
~ . ._. , _~. , , _~. ~ _~ ~ _ , _. ~ ,.
271
~ ~,. . ._. , _~. , , _~. , ~ ~ _~ ~. ~ .~ .
. ~ _~. ~, , _~ ~ ~ ~. ., ~ ~ _. ~ ~ ~
._~ _~
1. What is the date of this news report?
2. Who meets Thai caretaker Prime Minister, Thaksin?
3. Where do they meet?
4. When does the meeting take place?
5. Who was with Thaksin, and what is their official status?
4. Work in small groups. Pretend that you are a crew working for a news program.
Come up with a short description of a political event. Use the questions from Exercise 3 as
an outline for your report.
5. Work in a small group or with a partner. Go over the information on the political
system in the Burma one more time. Recall the information in the Burmese Language.
Report to your teacher and to the class.
International Geography
6. Read the information about Burma and answer the questions. Check your work in the
Answer Key.
The flag of the Union of Myanmar
272
Burma and its neighbors A map of Burma
, _ ~ _,. .. . ~ ,. _. . ~ ~
~ ~. .,~ ~ ~ ~. . . .~ ~ ~
~ ~ .,~ .~ ~ ~ ~ ~ _. .,~ .~ ~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~. ~ . ~ ,. _ ~~ ~ ,
~ . ._ ,. .~ _. _ .~ ., .~ ~
1. Where are Laos and Thailand in relation to Burma?
2. What country is on the west side of Burma?
3. Where is China in relation to Burma?
4. What is the capital of Burma?
273
7. Listen to the speaker and follow along in your book.
Afghanistan/Afghani a-hpa-gan-ni'-sa-tan nain-ngan/
a-hpa-gan-ni'-sa-tan lu-myou:
, , ~,
, , ~, ~ .
Canada/Canadian ka-nei-da nain-ngan/
ka-nei-da lu-myou:
~ .,
~ ., ~ .
China/Chinese ta-you' nain-ngan/
ta-you' lu-myou:
~ ~
~ ~ ~ .
Denmark/Danes dein:-ma' nain-ngan/
dein:-ma' lu-myou:
,. ~ ,. ~ ~ .
Egypt/Egyptian i-ji' nain-ngan / i-ji' lu-myou: ~ .
England/English in-ga-lan nain-ngan/
in-ga-lei' lu-myou:
~,
~ ~ .
Finland/Finns hpin-lan nain-ngan/
hpin-lan lu-myou:
~,
~, ~ .
France/French pyin-thi' nain-ngan/
pyin-thi' lu-myou:
~ .
Germany/German ja-ma-ni nain-ngan/
ja-man lu-myou:
,
, ~ .
Great Britain/British byi.-ti.-sha. nain-ngan
byi.-ti.-sha. lu-myo:
_ ~
_ ~ ~ .
India/Indian ein-di.-ya. nain-ngan/
ein-di.-ya. lu-myou:
~ .
Indonesia/Indonesian in-dou-ni:-sha: nain-ngan/
in-dou-ni:-sha: lu-myou:
,. .
,. . ~ .
Iran/Iranian i-yan nain-ngan/
i-yan lu-myou:
_,
_, ~ .
Iraq/Iraqi i-ya' nain-ngan/
i-ya' lu-myou:
_~
_~ ~ .
Ireland/Irish ain-ya-lan nain-ngan/
ain-ya-lan lu-myou:
~,
. ~, ~ .
Israel/Israeli i'-sa-yei: nain-ngan/
i'-sa-yei: lu-myou:
._.
._. ~ .
Italy/Italian i-ta-li nain-ngan/
i-ta-li lu-myou:
~ ~
~ ~ ~ .
Japan/Japanese ja-pan nain-ngan/
ja-pan lu-myou:
,
, ~ .
274
Jordan/Jordanian jo-dan nain-ngan/
jo-dan lu-myou:
. ,
. , ~ .
Korea/Korean ko-yi:-ya: nain-ngan/
ko-yi:-ya: lu-myou:
~ _. .
~ _. . ~ .
Kuwait/Kuwaiti ku-wei'-nain-ngan/
ku-wei' lu-myou:
~ ~
~ ~ ~ .
Mexico/Mexican me'-hsi-kou nain-ngan/
me'-hsi-kou lu-myou:
~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~ ~ .
Netherlands/Dutch ne-tha-lan nain-ngan/
ne-tha-lan lu-myou:
, ~,
, ~, ~ .
Norway/Norwegian no-wei: nain-ngan/
no-wei: lu-myou:
., ..
., .. ~ .
Pakistan/Pakistani pa-ki'-sa-tan nain-ngan/
pa-ki'-sa-tan lu-myou:
~ ~,
~ ~, ~ .
Philippines/Filipino hpi.-li'-pain nain-ngan/
hpi.-li'-pain lu-myou:
~
~ ~ .
Russia/Russian ru.-sha: nain-ngan/
ru.-sha: lu-myou:
.
. ~ .
Saudi Arabia/Saudi hso-di-a-yei-bya. nain-ngan/
hso-di-a-yei-bya. lu-myou:
.~ ._
.~ ._ ~ .
Scotland/Scot sa-ko.-ta-lan nain-ngan/
sa-ko.-ta-lan lu-myou:
.~ ~ ~,
.~ ~ ~, ~ .
South Africa/South
African
taun a-hpa-ri.-ka. nain-ngan/
taun a-hpa-ri.-ka. lu-myou:
.~ _ ~
.~ _ ~ ~ .
Spain/Spanish sa-pain nain-ngan/
sa-pain lu-myou:
,
, ~ .
Sweden/Swede hswei-din nain-ngan/
hswei-din lu-myou:
~
~ ~ .
Syria/Syrian hsi:-yi:-ya: nain-ngan/
hsi:-yi:-ya: lu-myou:
~. _. .
~. _. . ~ .
Thailand/Thai htain: nain-ngan/
htain: lu-myou:
~.
~. ~ .
Vietnam/Vietnamese bi-ye'-nan nain-ngan/
bi-ye'-nan lu-myou:
~ ,
~ , ~ .
Wales/Welsh wei-la. pyi-ne/wei-la. ne-tha: . ~ , . ~ , .
North America myau' a-mei-yi.-ka. .~ . _ ~
Central America a-mei-yi.-ka. a-le-bain: . _ ~ ~ .
South America taun a-mei-yi.-ka .~ . _ ~
Western Europe a-nau' u.-yo:-pa. .,~ ._
Central Europe u.-yo:-pa. a-le-bain: ._ ~ .
275
Eastern Europe a-shei. u.-yo:-pa. . ._
Middle East a-shei. a-le-bain: . ~ .
Southwest Asia a-nau'-taun a-sha. .,~ .~
Southeast Asia a-shei.-taun a-sha. . .~
Africa a-hpa-yi.-ka _ ~
Australia o-sa-tei:-lya. _ ._~. ~
Eastern Asia a-sha. a-shei.-bain: . .
Arctic a-tei' ~~
Antarctica an-ta-ti.-ka. ~ ~
Pacific Rim pa-si.-hpei' pa'-le nain-ngan dwei ~ ~ ~ .~
Grammar note:
For the name of a country, a word nain-ngan country is suffixed to the given name. E.g.
, ja-pan nain-ngan Japan, (lit. "Japan country"). For the nationality, the word ~ .
lu-myou: people is suffixed to the name. E.g. , ~ . ja-pan lu-myou: Japanese (lit.
"Japanese people"). Burmese usually has its own way of calling for the names of its neighboring
Asian countries. But for the names of other world countries, it usually translates them from
English.
8. Listen to and read the dialogues about nationality. Note the ways to determine
ones nationality.
Are you from Syria? No, Im from Egypt. Im an Egyptian.
hka-mya: hsi:-yi:-ya: nain-ngan ga. la: ma-hou' pa bu: ca-no i-ji' nain-ngan ga. ba
ca-no i-ji' lu-myou: ba
. ~. _. . ~ ~. ~ . ~, .~ ~
~, .~ ~ .
Are you American? No, Im Canadian.
hka-mya: a-mei-yi.-kan lu-myou: la: ma-hou' pa bu: ca-no ka-nei-da lu-myou: ba
. . _ ~, ~ . ~. ~ . ~, .~ ~ ., ~ .
What are you? Im Vietnamese.
hka-mya: ba lu-myou: le: ca-no bi-ye'-nan lu-myou: ba
. ~ . ~ ~, .~ ~ , ~ .
Where are you from? Im from India. Im Indian.
hka-mya: be ga. le: ca-no ein-di.-ya. nain-ngan ga ba
ca-no ein-di.-ya.lu-myou: ba
. ~ ~ ~, .~ ~
~, .~ ~ .
276
Are you Indonesian? Yes, Im Indonesian. I live in Jakarta.
hka-mya: in-dou-ni:-sha: lu-myou: la: hou' pa de ca-no in-dou-ni:-sha: lu-myou: ba
ca-no ja-ka-ta hma nei ba de
. ,. . ~ . ~. ~ ~ ~, .~ ,. . ~ .
~, .~ ~ ~ ., ~
Are you from Afghanistan? I live in Afghanistan, but I am Pakistani.
hka-mya: a-hpa-gan-ni'-sa-tan nain-ngan
ga. la:
ca-no a-hpa-gan-ni'-sa-tan nain-ngan hma nei ba de
da-bei-me. ca-no ga. pa-ki'-sa-tan lu-myou: ba
. , , ~, ~ ~. ~, .~ , , ~, ., ~
. ~, .~ ~ ~ ~, ~ .
9. Create questions in Burmese that are appropriate to the answers provided. Check your
work with the Answer Key.
1. - ..?
hou' pa de ca-no bi-ye'-nan lu-myou: ba
~ ~ ~, .~ ~ , ~ .
2. - ?
ca-no a-mei-yi.-kan lu-myou: ma-hou' pa bu: ca-no ka-nei-da lu-myou: ba
~, .~ . _ ~, ~ . ~ . ~, .~ ., ~ .
3. - or ..?
ca-no pa-ki'-sa-tan nain-ngan hma nei ba de da-bei-me. ca-no a-hpa-gan-ni'-sa-tan
lu-myou: ba
~, .~ ~ ~, ., ~ . ~, .~ , , ~, ~ .
4. - ..?
hou' pa de ca-no-dou. i-ya' lu-myou: ba
~ ~ ~, .~ ~ _~ ~ .
10. What do you hear? The speaker will read one word from each line of text. Mark
the word that you hear. Check your answers with the answer key.
1. , , ~, ~ ~, _,
2. ~, ~. , ~, ~,
3. ~ , ,. . , ~ ~
4. .~ ._ ~. _. . ._. . ,
5. ~ ~ _~ .
277
End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Translate the following headlines into English. Check your work with the Answer Key.
. . ~,. _~ , .~. ~ ~ . .
~ ~ ~. ~~ ~~ _ ~ ~ ._~. ~ .. .~
. ~ . _~. .
_ ~. ~ .. .~~ ~ _ ._~. _ . ~ . _~. .
, ., ~. , , ~, ~ . , ~.
~ ~ .. .~ ~ . _. . .~ ~ ~ _ ~ . ~. . .
~ ~. ,. ._. _ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . . ., ~ _ _ . . .
2. Listen to and read the following news report from Burma, then answer the
questions that follow. Check your work with the Answer Key.
PLAY AUDIO
~. , _~. ~ ~ ~ . _~. ,. . .~ ~ _. .,~ ~.
.~~ . .~ ~ _ ~ ~ ., ~ ._. ~ _ .~ . . ._. ,
._. ~ _ .~ . , . ~~ ~ ._. ~ _ .~ ~ _
_ . .~~ _ ._~. ~, .~ ., , .. ~ . ..
._~. . _~. , ~ . . .. . ~ ~ , ,
~ .~ ~ _. ,. . ._. ~ _ . ~ ~ .~. .. _~
._~. ~. ~. .~~ . ~ ~. _ . , ._. . . ~ ~.
, _~. ~ ~ _. . ~ . . ._. ~ _ . ~ .~
_, . ._~ . ._~. ~. . _~. ~
1. Who meets in this news report?
2. What issues did they cover in their meeting?
3. Did Thaksin give a detailed account?
4. What issues were the focus of the meeting?
5. What did the critics say about Thaksin's trip?
278
3. Work with a partner or in a small group. From the list of the countries above, choose
one and give a briefing on its location and political system. Pretend that you are giving a
press conference. Your classmates will role-play as news reporters by asking you
questions.
The following questions may help you in your work:
1. Does this country have a president? Who is the current president?
2. How many political parties are there in this country?
3. Is there a war in this country now?
4. Does this country have a parliament?
5. Is there a democracy in this country?
6. Does this country have a prime minister?
7. Is the leader of this country a dictator?
8. Is this country a republic?
9. What is a specific geographical feature of this country?
279
Vocabulary List
Conflict pa-ti.-pe'-hka. _ ~
Democracy/
democratic
di-mo-ka-yei-si /
di-mo-ka-yei-si sa-ni'
~ ._ ~ ._ ,
Dictator a-na-shin ~
Dispute a-nyin:-a-hkoun .
Election ywei:-kou'-pwe: .. .~~
Government a-sou:-ya. . _
Human Rights lu. a-hkwin.-a-yei: ~ ._.
Invade/invasion cu:-co-tai'-hkai' ~. .~ ~~ ~
Leader gaun:-zaun .. .~
Ministry wun-ji:-hta-na. , _~. ,
Nuclear weapons nyu-ka-li:-ya: le'-ne'-dwei ~ ~. . ~~ ,~ .~
Official a-ya-shi. _
Parliament u.-pa-dei-pyu.-hlu'-to . ~~ .~
Policy mu-wa-da.
Political Party nain-ngan-yei: pa-ti ._. ~
President tha-ma-da. ~
Prime minister wun-ji:-jou' , _~.
Racial lu-myou:-yei: ~ . ._.
Radical a-swan:-yau' ,. ._~
Religious ba-tha-yei: ._.
Republic tha-ma-da.-nain-ngan ~
State pyi-ne ,
Term of office tha'-hma' ka-la. ~ ~ ~ ~
To kill tha' ~
To vote hsan-da.-me:-pei: ~ ..
To invade cu:-co-tai'-hkai' ~. .~ ~~ ~
War si'-pwe:
World ga-ba ~
280
ANSWER KEY
Exercise 3
August 02, 2006
Senior General Than Shwe meets Thai caretaker Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra in Burmas
new capital Naypyidaw this evening. Thaksin makes the surprise half-day visit with a high-level
delegation that includes Foreign Minister Kantathi Suphamongkhon, Agriculture Minister
Sudarat Keyuraphan, Natural Resources and Environment Minister Yongyuth Tiyapairat, and
army chief, General Sonthi Boonyaratglin.
1. _ ~ ~ _~
2. ~ . _~. ,. .
3. , _ .~ ., .~
4. ., .
5. . ._. , _~. , , _~. ~, ~ ~ , ,. ~ ~ . ._. , _~.
, , _~. ~ _~ ~ _ , _. ~ ,. ~ ~,. . ._.
, _~. , , _~. , ~ ~ _~ ~. ~ .~ . . ~ _~.
~, , _~ ~
1. August 2, 2006
2. Senior General Than Shwe
3. Burmas new capital Naypyidaw
4. Evening
5. Foreign Minister Kantathi Suphamongkhon, Agriculture Minister Sudarat Keyuraphan,
Natural Resources and Environment Minister Yongyuth Tiyapairat, and army chief, General
Sonthi Boonyaratglin.
Exercise 6
Burma covers 261,218 square miles, and it is sandwiched between Laos and Thailand to the east,
Bangladesh to the west, China to the north-east, India to the northwest, and Bay of Bengal and
Andaman Sea to the south. The population of Burma is over 53 million, and the capital is now
Naypyidaw.
1. . ~
2. ~. .
3. . .~ ~
4. ., .~
281
Exercise 9
1. Are you Vietnamese? 1. . ~ ,
~ . ~.
hka-mya: bi-ye'-nan
lu-myou: la:
2. Are you American? 2. . . _ ~,
~ . ~.
hka-mya: a-mei-yi-kan
lu-myou: la:
3. Are you Pakistani? 3. . ~ ~,
~ . ~.
hka-mya: pa-ki'-sa-tan
lu-myou: la:
4. Are you Iraqis? 4. . _~ ~ .
~.
hka-mya: i-ya' lu-myou: la:
Exercise 10
1. India ein-di.-ya. nain-ngan
2. England ~, in-ga-lan nain-ngan
3. Indonesia ,. . in-dou-ni:-sha: nain-ngan
4. Israel ._. i'-sa-yei: nain-ngan
5. Russia . ru.-sha: nain-ngan
End of Lesson Exercise 1
1. Aung San Suu Kyi Denied Regular Medical Assistance.
2. Thaksin Cant Land in Thailand, Says Coup Leader.
3. Brazil's president wins in landslide, officials say.
4. Is NATO Losing the Real Battle in Afghanistan?
5. Muslim leader among those killed in Nigerian plane crash.
6. Riot police move into Mexican town.
Exercise 2
Thaksin tells reporters, after the unusual meeting with Than Shwe: We covered everything from
social issues and economics and politics to bilateral and multilateral issues. I cant go into
details. Thai media reports that the meeting also focuses on issues of Burmese migrant workers
and cross-border drug trafficking, while critics say the trip has more to do with Thaksins
personal business concerns.
1. ~. , _~. ~ ~ , ~ . _~. ,. .
2. ~ ._. ~ _ .~ . . ._. , ._. ~ _ .~ . , .
~~ ~ ._. ~ _ .~
3. .. .
282
4. , ~ . . .. . ~ ~ , , ~ .~ ~ _. ,.
. ._. ~ _ .
5. . , ._. . . ~ ~. , _~. ~ ~ _. . ~ .
. ._. ~ _ . ~ .~ _, . ._~ . ._~. ~. . _~. _~
~
283
Lesson 19
The Military
~
si'-ta'
This lesson will introduce you to:
- Basic military vocabulary
- The rank structure of the U.S. Army and Burmese military forces
- Names of weapons and army vehicles.
1. What do soldiers do? What do soldiers use? What do soldiers wear? The pictures
will help you guess the meaning of unknown terms.
. .~ , .. ~ _~ ~
~ _ . .~~ ~ , ~ _. .. .~ .~. _~ ~
.~ ~ ~ _ .. ~ .~ ~ ~, , .~ ~ ~~ ~ . .~ ~
., ~ ~ .. ~
. .~ ~~ ~ ~~ ,~ .~ ~
si'-tha: dwei yu-ni-hpaun: wu' ca. de
thu-dou. ye. hcei-dau' hma bu'-hpa-na' wu' pi: gaun: hma than-hka-mau' hsaun: ja. de
than-hkamau' ka. thu dou. ye. gaun: gou amyau' ci-zan ne. pau'-kwe: ta' te. pyi'-si: dwei ga.-
nei ka-kwe pei: de
si'-tha: dwei le' hte: hma le'-ne' twei shi. de
284
di si'-tha: thu. yain-hpe ne. pyi'-hka' te
di si'-tha: thu. ta'-hmu:
gou hse'-thwe-yei:-se' ne.
za-ga: pyo: de
di si'-tha: hma doun:-
pyan-laun-hca shi. de
. , ~ ~
. ~ . ~
~~ ._. ~ ,
~. . ~
. .
.~ ~
2. Now listen to the new words and repeat them after the speaker.
Soldier si'-tha: .
Uniform yu-ni-hpaun: , ..
Boots bu' hpa-na' ~ ,
Helmet than-hkamau' .~
To protect ka-kwe ~ ~
Artillery amyau' .~
Ammunition ci-zan ~ ~,
Explosives pau'-kwe ta' te. pyi'-si: dwei .~ ~ ~~ ~ . .~
Weapons le'-ne' twei ~~ ,~ .~
Radio hse'-thwe-yei:-se' ~~ ._. ~
Commander ta'-hmu: ~ .
To fire pyi'-hka' ~
Rifle rain-hpe
Rocket launcher doun:-pyan-laun-hca . .~
285
Grammar note:
Some Burmese words in this lesson are loan words from English. E.g. yain-hpe 'rifle'.
Interestingly, Burmese also borrowed the word ._ yei-di-you 'radio' from English. But in
the military, a different word ~~ ._. ~ hse'-thwe-yei:-se' is used for 'radio'. This word
literally means communication machine.
To fire a gun is expressed in Burmese as "to fire with a gun," i.e. to fire by means of a
gun, as illustrated below:
. , ~ ~
Lit. di si'-tha: thu. yain-hpe ne. pyi'-hka' te
this soldier his rifle with fire realis
This soldier fires his rifle (lit. "This soldier fires with his gun").
In using the word sha 'search' in colloquial Burmese, a phrase shi.-ma-shi.
'whether one has or not' usually precedes the verb in order to clarify the action.
3. Read the statements and match each one with the correct picture. Check your answers
with the answer key.
1. 2. 3.
A. ~ _ . ~~ ,~ . ~ .~. .~ ~
thu ga. a-ya'-tha: ba thu. hma le'-ne' ma- shi. bu: thu. hma hka-lei: dwei shi. de
B. ~ . ~~ ,~ ~
thu ga. si'-tha: ba thu. hma le'-ne' shi. de
C. . ~ _ . ~ ~~ ,~ ~
si'-tha: ga. a-ya'-tha: gou le'-ne' shi.-ma-shi. sha de
286
4. Listen to the new words and repeat them after the speaker.
1. 2. 3.
These vehicles are HUMMVEEs.
Self-propelled Missile
Launcher
di yin dwei ga. han:-bwi: yin dwei ba pe.-htein: doun:-ci laun-hca
.~ ~ . . .~ ~,. . ~ .~
4. 5. 6.
Tank Self-propelled Gun Armored Vehicle
tin.-ka: pe.-htein: si'-tha-na' than-ja'-ka-yin
~ ~. ~,. . ,~ ~
5. Now cover the names of the vehicles with a sheet of paper and name them. Repeat
Exercise 4 as many times as you need to feel comfortable with the new terms.
1. ..
2. ..
3. ..
4. ..
5. ..
6. ..
287
6. Listen to the new words and repeat them after the speaker.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7 8
8
1 Mortar sein-byaun: ,._. 5 Mine main: .
2 Rifle yain-hpe 6 Pistol pi'-sa-tou ~
3 Machine
gun
se'-tha-na' ~ .
,~
7 Missile doun:-ji . ~
4 Grenade le'-pi'-boun: ~~ . 8 Weapons cache le'-ne'-tai' ~~ ,~ ~~
288
7. Look at the pictures in Exercise 6. Cover the Burmese translations and the English
words in Exercise 6. Match each term with the correct picture. Replay the sound as many
times as you need. Check your work with the Answer Key.
A. mine main: .
B. missile doun:-ji . ~
C. grenade le'-pyi'-boun: ~~ .
D. weapons cache le'-ne'-tai' ~~ ,~ ~~
E. pistol pi'-sa-tou ~
F. mortar sein-byaun: ,._.
G. machine gun se'-tha-na' ~ . ,~
H. rifle yain-hpe
8. In the following groups of words, cross out the one word out of each group that does not
logically belong. Check your answers with the answer key.
1. ~ ~. ~~ . ~. . .
2. .~ .~ ~ . ,~
3. , .. . _ . ~ .
4. ~~ ._. ~ . . ~. ~~ ,~
5. .~ .~ , .. ~ ,
6. _ . _ . ~ .
9. Translate the following statements into English. Check your work with the Answer Key.
1. . .~ .~ ~ ~ ~, ~ ., ~ ~ .~. _~ ~
si'-tha:-dwei than-hkamau' kou ci-zan ga.-nei ka-kwe bou. hsaun: ja. de
2. . .~ .~ ~ .~ ~ ~~ ~ . .~ , .~ ~ ., ~ ~ .~.
_~ ~
si'-tha:-dwei than-hkamau' kou pau'-kwe ta' te. pyi'-si: dwei ne. amyau' ka.-ne ka-kwe bou. hsaun: ja.
de
3. ~, .~ ~ _ . .~ . ~. ~ ~~ ,~ ., ~
ca-no dou. a-ya'-tha: dwei a:-loun: gou le'-ne' shi.-ma-shi. sha nei ba de
4. ~, .~ ~ _, . .~ . ~. ~ ~~ ,~ ., ~
ca-no dou. yan-thu si'-tha: dwei a:-loun: gou le'-ne' shi.-ma-shi. sha nei ba de
289
10. What do you hear? Listen to the speaker and mark the statement that you hear.
Check your work in the Answer Key.
1. A. Soldiers wear helmets for protection from explosives.
B. Soldiers wear helmets for protection from ammunition and artillery.
2. A. We are searching all civilians for weapons.
B. We are searching all enemy soldiers for weapons.
11. Listen and repeat the new words after the speaker.
Army base si'-a-hcei-sai'-sa-hkan: . ~ ,.
Be careful! dha-di.-hta: ~ ~.
Curfew nya.-ma-htwe'-ya.- a-mein. ~~ _ ,
In charge of ta-wun-hkan ~ ,
Minefield main:-kwin: . ~.
Roadblock lan: a-han.-a-ta: ~. , ~.
Checkpoint si'-hsei:-yei:-gei' .~. ._. ~
Identification the'-thei-hkan-ka'-pya: ~ . ~ .
Patrol kin:-ta'-hpwe. ~. ~
Base a-hcei-sai'-sa-hkan: . ~ ,.
Barracks si'-tan:-lya:-dwei ~,. ~. .~
12. Fill in the blanks with the correct word from the vocabulary list above. Check your
answers with the Answer Key.
A. ~. ~ _ ____________________ ~ ~. ~ .. .~
kin:-ta'-hpwe' ye. _____________________ be thu le: kin:-ta'-hpwe' gaun:-zaun ba
B. ___________________ ~. ~ . , _ ~ ., ,~ , _ ~
____________________ shi. la: shi. ba de nya. shi' na-yi ga.-nei ma-ne' hcau' na-yi a-hti ba
C. ___________________! ~. ~ ___________________ ~
___________________! lan: hou be' hma _______________ shi. de
D. ~ ~. ~ _ __________________ ~ __________________ _
lu-dain: thu-dou. ye. _______________ gou _______________ hma pya.ya. me
E. _______________ ~ . ~ ,. _ ~ ~
_______________ be hma le: a-hcei-sai-sa-hkan: ye. ta-hpe' hma ba
290
13. Work with a partner and take turns reading and role-playing the dialogues from
Exercise 12.
14. Work in a small group, and come up with similar dialogues, and then role-play them.
15. Study the list of U.S. Army ranks. Compare them with the Burmese military
equivalents.
Enlisted si'-mu.-htan: ~ .
Private you:-you: si'-tha: . . .
Corporal ta'-ca' ~ _~
Sergeant ta'-ca' ci: ~ _~ _~.
Sergeant Major du.-ta'-ca' ~ _~
Officer a-ya-shi. _
Lieutenant bou ~
Captain bou-ji: ~ _~.
Major bou-hmu: ~ .
Lt. Colonel du-ta-ya. bou-hmu:-ji: ~ ~ . _~.
Colonel bou-hmu:-ji: ~ . _~.
General bou-jou'-ci: ~ _~.
291
End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Work with a partner or in a small group. In Burmese, make up a caption for each
picture below.
1. .
2. .
3. .
2. a) Translate the following sentences into English. Check your work with the Answer
Key.
A. ~~ ,~ ~~ ~
le'-ne'-tai be hma le:
B. ~. ~ _ ~ , ~ ~
di kin:-ta'-hpwe' ye. ta-wun-hkan ga. be thu le:
C. . .~. ._. ~ ~ ~ _ . _ ~ . ~ . ~ _
hka-mya: si'-hsei:-yei:-gei' kou hpya' yin hka-mya: ye. the'-thei-hkan-ka'-pya: gou pya.
ya. me
D. _ . . ~. ~~ ,~ . ~ _
a-ya'-tha: a:-loun: le'-ne' shi.-ma-shi. sha-hpwei da hkan ya. me
E. ~~ _ , ~ , _ ~ , _ , _ .
, .
nya.-ma-htwe'-ya.-a-mein. ga. nya. kou: na-yi hma sa. ba de a-gu. kou: na-yi lei:-ze.-nga:
shi. bi hka-mya: ein pyan thwa: ba
F. . .~ . ~ ,. ~ ~ ~ _ ~
si'-tha: dwei be: si'-a-hcei-sai'-sa-hkan: de: gou win lou. ya. de
292
b) Work with a partner or in a small group. Come up with situations where you can
use sentences C, D, E, and F as a reply. Create the first part of the conversation so that you
have short dialogues. Role-play them.
3. a) Translate the following into Burmese. Compare your translation against the Answer
Key.
A. Please step out of the car. We must search the vehicle for weapons.
B. It is after curfew. You must come with me for questioning.
C. The weapons cache is on the other side of Checkpoint Delta.
D. Be careful. There is a minefield east of the railroad.
E. Every soldier needs to have a radio and a map.
F. You must know all the checkpoints and roadblocks in this area.
b) Work with a partner or in a small group. Make up situations where you can use these
sentences as a reply. Create the first part of the conversation so that you have short
dialogues. Role-play them.
293
Vocabulary List
Ammunition ci-zan ~ ~
Army base si' a-hcei-sai'-sa-hkan: . ~ ,.
Artillery a-myau' .~
Barracks si'-tan:-lya:-dwei ~,. ~. .~
Base a-hcei-sai'-sa-hkan: . ~ ,.
Be careful! dha-di.-hta: ~ ~.
Boots bu'-hpa-na' ~ ,
Checkpoint si'-hsei:-yei:-gei' .~. ._. ~
Civilian a-ya'-tha: _ .
Commander ta'-hmu: ~ .
Curfew nya.-ma-htwe'-ya.-a-mein. ~~ _ ,
Enemy yan-thu _,
Explosive pau'-kwe:-ta'-te.-pyi'-si: .~ ~ ~~ ~ .
Grenade le'-pi'-boun: ~~ .
Gun tha-na' . ,~
Helmet than-hka-mau' .~
In charge
(of a patrol, base)
ta-wun-hkan ~ ,
Machine gun se'-tha-na' ~ . ,~
Map myei-boun .
Military si'-ta' ~
Mine main: .
Minefield main:-kwin: . ~.
Missile doun:-ji . ~
Mortar sein-byaun: ,._.
Officer a-ya-shi. _
Protection ka-kwe (da) ~ ~ ~
Radio hse'-thwe-ye:-se' ~~ ._. ~
Rank ya-du: _ ~.
Rifle yain-hpe
Roadblock lan: a-han.-a-ta: ~. , ~.
Rocket doun:-byan .
Rocket launcher doun:-byan laun-hca . .~
Search sha-(hpwei) .
Soldier si'-tha: .
Tank tin.-ka: ~ ~.
294
Uniform yu-ni-hpaun: , ..
Weapons le'-ne'-twei ~~ ,~ .~
Weapons cache le'-ne'-tai' ~~ ,~ ~~
Enlisted si'-hmu.-htan: ~.
Private you:-you: si'-tha: . . .
Corporal ta'-ca' ~ _~
Sergeant ta'-ca'-ci: ~ _~ _~.
Sergeant Major du.-ta'-ca' ~ _~
Officer a-ya-shi. _
Lieutenant bou ~
Captain bou-ji: ~ _~.
Major bou-hmu: ~ .
Lt. Colonel du.-ta-ya. bou-hmu:-ji: ~ ~ . _~.
Colonel bou-hmu:-ji: ~ . _~.
General bou-jou'-ci: ~ _~.
295
ANSWER KEY
Exercise 3
1. C. The soldier searches the civilian for weapons.
2. B. He is a soldier. He has a weapon.
3. A. He is a civilian. He does not have weapons. He has children.
Exercise 7
A. 5 mine . main:
B. 7 missile . ~ doun:-ji
C. 4 grenade ~~ . le'-pyi'-boun:
D. 8 weapons cache ~~ ,~ ~~ le'-ne'-tai'
E. 6 pistol ~ pi'-sa-tou
F. 1 mortar ,._. sein-byaun:
G. 3 machine gun ~ . ,~ se'-tha-na'
H. 2 rifle yain-hpe
Exercise 8
1. Tank Grenade Truck Humvee
1. ~ ~. ~~ . ~. . .
2. Rifle Mortar Helmet Machine Gun
2. .~ .~ ~ . ,~
3. Uniform Soldier Civilian Commander
3. , .. . _ . ~ .
4. Radio Map Minefield Weapon
4. ~~ ._. ~ . . ~. ~~ ,~
5. Helmet Artillery Uniform Boots
5. .~ .~ , .. ~ ,
6. Officer Soldier Civilian Commander
6. _ . _ . ~ .
Exercise 9
1. Soldiers wear helmets for protection from ammunition.
2. Soldiers wear helmets for protection from explosives and artillery.
3. We are searching all vehicles for weapons.
4. We are searching all enemy soldiers for weapons.
296
Exercise 10
1. A. Soldiers wear helmets for protection from explosives.
si'-tha:-dwei than-hka-mau' kou pau'-kwe ta' te. pyi'-si: dwei ga.-nei ka-kwe bou. hsaun: ja. de
. .~ .~ ~ .~ ~ ~~ ~ . .~ , ~ ., ~ ~ .~. _~
~
2. B. We are searching all enemy soldiers for weapons.
ca-no-dou. yan-thu si'-tha: dwei a:-loun: gou le'-ne' shi.-ma-shi. sha nei ba de
~, .~ ~ _, . .~ . ~. ~ ~~ ,~ ., ~
Exercise 12
A. Who is in charge of the patrol? The patrol leader.
kin:-ta'-hpwe' ye. ta-wun-hkan ga. be thu le: kin:-ta'-hpwe' gaun:-zaun ba
~. ~ _ ~ , ~ ~. ~ .. .~
B. Is there a curfew? Yes, from 8:00pm to 6:00am.
nya.-ma-htwe'-ya.-a-mein. shi. la: shi. ba de nya. shi' na-yi ga.-nei ma-ne' hcau' na-yi a-hti ba
~~ _ , ~. ~ . , _ ~ ., ,~ , _ ~
C. Be careful! There is a minefield across the road!
dha-di.-hta:! lan: hou be' hma main:-kwin: shi. de
~ ~. ~. ~ . ~ . ~
D. Everyone must show their identification at the checkpoint.
lu-dain: thu-dou. ye. the'-thei-hkan-ka'-pya: gou si'-hsei:-yei:-gei' hma pya.ya. me
~ ~. ~ _ ~ . ~ . ~ .~. ._. ~ _
E. Where are the barracks? On the other side of the base.
si'-tan:-lya:-dwei be hma le: a-hcei-sai-sa-hkan: ye. ta-hpe' hma ba
~, . ~. .~ ~ . ~ ,. _ ~ ~
End of Lesson Exercise 2a
A. Where is the weapons cache?
B. Who is in charge of this patrol?
C. You must show your identification when you pass the checkpoint.
D. All civilians must be searched for weapons.
E. Curfew starts at 9:00pm. Its 9:45 now. Go back to your home.
F. Only soldiers may enter the army base.
297
Exercise 3a
A. .~. ~. _. ~. . ~ ~. ~, .~ ~ ~. ~ ~~ ,~ _
ce:zu:-pyu.-bi: ka: po ga. hsin: ba ca-no-dou. di ka: gou le'-ne' shi.-ma-shi. sha ya. Me
B. ~~ _ , .~ . _ .. _ ~ . ~, .~ , ~~ _
a-gu. nya.-ma-htwe'-ya.-a-mein. co thwa: bi mei: za-ya shi. lou. hka-mya: ca-no ne. lai' ya. Me
C. ~~ ,~ ~~ ~ . ~ .~. ._. ~ _ ~ ~ . ~
le'-ne'-tai' ka. dei-ta si'-hsei:-ye:-gei' ye. ta-hpe' hcan: hma shi. De
D. ~ ~. _ ~. ~. _ . ~ . ~. ~
dha-di.-hta: ya-hta: lan: ye. a-shei.-be' hma main:-kwin: shi. Be
E. . ~. ~~ ._. ~ , . ~ ~
si'-tha: dain: hse'-thwe-ye:-se' ne. myei-boun shi. bou. lou de
F. . ,. ~ ~ ~ .~. ._. ~ , ~. , ~. . ~. ~ _
hka-mya: di na: ta-wai' hma shi. de. si'-hsei:-yei:-gei' ne. la:n a-han.-a-ta: a:-loun: gou thi. ya.
me
298
Lesson 20
In the Hospital
.~.
hsei:-youn-hma
This lesson will introduce you to:
- Vocabulary related to medical emergencies and life-saving measures
- Terminology related to internal organs
- Ways to ask questions about vital signs.
Cultural note:
In Burma, the public health care system is mostly controlled by the government. Hospitals and
medical schools are under the control of the Ministry of Health. Private clinics are allowed, and
many healthcare providers have their own clinic, in addition to their jobs at the government
owned hospitals.
A system of medical insurance has not been established in Burma. Every citizen has the right to
have access to local hospitals and healthcare provided by the government. But such hospitals
often lack the medicine that the patients need. As a result, patients in the governmental hospitals
end up buying their own medicines, which are available in private drug stores.
Emergency Rooms exist in many governmental hospitals. But the equipment is very poor, and
only nurses are assigned in those rooms, not doctors. Ambulances are very rare, and they are
normally used to transport patients. Many people rely on private clinics for emergencies, rather
than the ER in the hospitals.
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Yangon General Hospital in Yangon, Burma.
Grammar note:
Phrases which indicate help, (~ ku-nyi ba ) and others in this lesson are useful for
medical emergencies. A request, such as please call an ambulance (.~. _ ._. . ~.
. hsei:-youn a-yei:-po-ka: hko ba ), is not practical since an ambulance will never arrive to
the scene in time. Words and phrases such as hide, ( , . poun: !); run, (.. pyi: !); is there
anyone who has red-cross training? (_~~ . , ~,. . _ ~. ce'-hcei-ni thin-dan:
aun shi. la:); or please do not crowd around here! ( ~ _~ , di hma la ma-su.-
poun ja. ba ne.) will be useful in the event of accidents, natural disasters, or armed conflicts, or
when someone needs to participate in delivering medical assistance.
In Lesson 17, you learned the names of human body parts, how to ask questions about a persons
state of health, and how to describe health conditions and symptoms of sickness. You also know
how to handle a visit to the doctors office. In this lesson, you will familiarize yourself with the
vocabulary used for emergencies or life threatening health conditions, such as heart attacks,
gunshot wounds, severe bleeding, or head injuries.
300
1. Go over the text with the pictures. Try to guess the meaning of the words in bold from
the context.
1 2
. . ~~ .. ~ _
~
. . ~~ .. . ~ _
~
di a-myou:-tha: hma le'-maun: dan-ya shi.
de
di a-myou:-tha-mi: le'-maun: po hma dan-
ya shi. de
3 4
. . . .~~ ~ _ _ ~ . . ~ . ~ _ _ ~
di a-myou:-dha: hcei-dau' dan-ya ya. de di a-myou:-dha: le-bin: dan-ya ya. de
Did you understand the words in bold ~ _ / ~ _ _ and ~ _ / ~ _ _ ?
~ _ dan-ya means wound
~ _ _ dan-ya shi/ya. means wounded
~ _ dan-ya means injury
~ _ _ dan-ya shi/ya. means injured
Grammar note:
Wound and injury have the same meaning in Burmese when they are used in a noun-verb pair,
i.e. wound/wounded and injury/injured. ~ _ _ dan-ya ya. literally means "to get injured."
The English equivalent of "to have injury" may be expressed in two ways in Burmese: (1) ~
_ _ dan-ya ya. to get injured or (2) ~ _ dan-ya shi. to have injury. These two
expressions are almost always interchangeable.
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2. Look at the pictures in Exercise 1 and match the number of the picture with the correct
definition below. Check your answers with the Answer Key.
A. . .~~ ~ _ hcei-dau' dan-ya picture number _____.
B. ~ . ~ _ le-bin: dan-ya picture number _____.
C. ~~ .. ~ _ le'-maun: dan-ya picture number _____.
D. ~~ .. ~ _ le'-maun: dan-ya picture number _____.
3. Tell your classmates, in Burmese, if you ever had an injury or wounds.
4. Listen to and read the dialogue between the doctor and the nurse in the emergency
room of a military hospital. Note the use of new vocabulary.
Doctor: How does Sergeant Thu Ya feel?
dau'-ta ta'-ca'-ci: thu-ya. be-lou nei le:
.~ ~ ~ _~ _~. _ ~ ., ~
Nurse: He feels bad, Doctor Soe Naing.
thu-na-pyu. thu to-to hpya: nei de dau'-ta sou:-nain
, .~ .~ . ., ~ .~ ~ .
Doctor: What is the matter with him?
dau'-ta thu ba hpyi' hta le:
.~ ~ ~ ~
Nurse: His leg hurts.
thu-na-pyu. thu. hcei-dau' na nei de
, . .~~ , ., ~
Doctor: Is it injured?
dau'-ta thu dan-ya ya. da la:
.~ ~ ~ _ _ ~ ~.
Nurse: Yes. He has a gunshot wound. He is bleeding.
thu-na-pyu. hou' pa de thu tha-na' dan-ya ya. hta: de thu thwei: htwe' nei de
, ~ ~ . ,~ ~ _ _ ~. ~ .. ~~ ., ~
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Doctor: Does he have a fever?
dau'-ta thu. hma a-hpya: shi. la:
.~ ~ . ~.
Nurse: Yes, he does.
thu-na-pyu. hou'-ke. a-hpya: shi. ba de
, ~ ~ . ~
Doctor: Is he taking any medications?
dau'-ta thu hsei: thau' hta: thei: la:
.~ ~ .~. .~ ~. .. ~.
Nurse: Yes, antibiotics and painkillers.
thu-na-pyu. hou'-ke. pa-ti.-zi-wa.-hsei: ne. a-kai'-a-hke:-pyau'-hsei: thau' hta: ba de
, ~ ~ _ ~ .~. , ~~ .~ .~. .~ ~.
~
5. Work with a partner. Role-play the dialogue from Exercise 4.
6. Match each of the pictures with the corresponding statement. Try to guess the
meanings of unknown words from the context. Check your answers with the Answer Key.
A B C
1. . . ~~ .. ~ _ ~ ~ . . ~. ~
di a-myou:-tha: le'-maun: dan-ya hma pa'-ti: si: hta: de
2. . . . ~ .~. . ., _. ~ ~
di a-myou:-tha: ou'-htou' ma-hsaun: bu: di-nei. a-yan: pu de a-gu. thu a-pu sha' te
3. . . .~~ ~ _ ~
di si'-tha: hcei-dau' hma dan-ya shi. de
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Did you understand the meaning of the words in bold?
means heat stroke
~ ~ . . means dressing
7. Listen to the speaker and read along in your textbook. Use the Answer Key to
check the meaning of unknown words.
.~ ~ ~ ~. , .~. ~ ~ .~
di-ha-dwei ga. pa'-ti: ne. hsei:-pa-la-sa-ta-dwei ba
. .~ ~ , _ ~ ~ ~ _ .~ ~ ~ ~. . ~
~
hka-mya: di-ha-dwei gou a-na-sha'-da da-hma.-ma-hou' dan-ya dwei gou pa'-ti:-si: bou. lou-a' pa
de
.~ ~ . ~ ~. _. . .~ _
di-ha-dwei ga. pou: tha' hta: pyi:-dha: dwei phyi. ya. ba me
8. Familiarize yourself with some new medical terminology. Listen as the speaker
recites the names of internal organs. Repeat after the speaker.
1 2 3 4 5
1. heart hna-loun: ~.
2. brain oun:-hnau' . .~
3. lung a-hsou' ~~
4. kidney cau'-ka' .~~ ~
5. liver a-the: .
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9. Fill in the blanks, in Burmese, with the appropriate name of the organ. Check your
answers with the Answer Key.
~. . ~ ~ .~~ ~ .~ . .~
A. The human ____________ is in charge of all body system functions.
B. The _________ is a very important organ because it helps our body get rid of fat.
C. Exercising is very important for my ____________.
D. Smoking can cause ____________cancer.
E. Drinking a lot of water is necessary for the ___________ .
10. Listen to and read the dialogue between the doctor and a patient in a military
hospital emergency room.
In the Military Hospital Emergency Room
Doctor: Hello, Major Soe Thein.
dau'-ta min-ga-la ba bou-hmu: sou:-thein:
.~ ~ ~ ~ . . ,.
Major: Good morning, Doctor Thein Han.
bou-hmu: min-ga-la ba dau'-ta thein:-han
~ . ~ .~ ~ ,. ,
Doctor: What happened to you?
dou'-ta - hka-mya: ba hpyi' hta le:
.~ ~ . ~ ~
305
Major: I dont know. I didnt feel well. I had chest pain, a headache, and dizziness.
bou-hmu: ca-no ma-thi. bu: ca-no thei' nei ma-kaun: bu: yin-ba' aun. te gaun:-kai' pyi: gaun:
mu: nei de
~ . ~, .~ . ~, .~ ., .~. . _ ~ . ~ ..
~~ _. .. . ., ~
Doctor: For how long did you have your symptoms?
dau'-ta hka-mya: di-yo:-ga-le'-hka-na-dwei hpyi' hta be-lau' ca byi le:
.~ ~ . ._ ~~ ~ .~ ~ .~~ _~ _ ~
Major: For about 2 days.
bou-hmu: hna ye' lau' shi. ba bi
~ . _~ .~~ _
Doctor: Did you take any medications?
dau'-ta hka-mya: hsei: thau' hta: thei: la:
.~ ~ . .~. .~ ~. .. ~.
Major: Yes, I took painkillers.
bou-mu: hou'-ke. ca-no a-kai'-a-hke: pyau'-hsei: thau' hta: ba de
~ . ~ ~ ~, .~ ~~ .~ .~. .~ ~. ~
Doctor: For how long?
dau'-ta be-lau' ca bi le:
.~ ~ .~~ _~ _ ~
Major: For about 2 days What happened to me, doctor?
bou-mu: hna ye' lau' shi. ba bi ca-no ba hpyi' hta le: dau'-ta
~ . _~ .~~ _ ~, .~ ~ ~ .~ ~
Doctor: Well, when you came into the ER, you couldnt breathe. We had to do CPR.
dau'-ta hka-mya: a-yei:-po-hkan: yau' to. a-the'-shu ca' nei de ca-no dou. si-pi-a lou' ya. de
.~ ~ . ._. . ,. ._~ .~ ~ _ ~ ., ~ ~, .~ ~
~ _ ~
You had abnormal blood pressure. It was 230 over 180. You had a heart attack.
hka-mya: thwei:-paun-jein ga. poun-hman ma-hou' bu: a-po-thwei: hna-ya. thoun:-ze ne.
au'-thwei: ta-ya.-shi'-hse shi. de hka-mya: hna-loun: lei hpya' hta ba
. .. . , ~ , ~ . . .. , .~ .. . ~
. ~. .~ ~ ~
What symptoms do you have now?
hka-mya: hma a-gu. ba yo:-ga le'-hka -na-dwei shi. le:
. ._ ~~ ~ .~ ~
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Major: I feel weakness.
bou-hmu: ca-no a:-ne: nei de
~ . ~, .~ . ,. ., ~
Doctor: Are you allergic to any medications?
dau'-ta hka-mya: hma ma-te. de. hsei: dwei shi. la:
.~ ~ . ~ ~ .~. .~ ~.
Major: Yes, Im allergic to penicillin.
bou-hmu: hou'-ke. ca-no pa-na-sa-lin ne. ma-te. ba bu:
~ . ~ ~ ~, .~ , ~ , ~ .
Doctor: Do you have any kidney, liver, lung, or brain diseases? Diabetes? Cancer?
dau'-ta hka-mya: hma cau'-ka' a-the: a-hsou' oun:-hnau' ne. pa'-the' te. yo:-ga dwei shi. la:
hsi:-jou yo: shi. la: kin-hsa yo: shi. la:
.~ ~ . .~~ ~ . ~~ . .~ , ~ ~ ~ ._
.~ ~. ~. ._ ~. ~ ~ ._ ~.
Major: No, I dont.
bou-hmu: ca-no. hma e:-di yo:-ga dwei ma-shi. ba bu:
~ . ~, .~ ._ .~ .
Doctor: Do you smoke?
dau'-ta hka-mya: hsei:-lei' thau' la:
.~ ~ . .~. ~ .~ ~.
Major: No, I dont.
bou-hmu: ca-no hsei:-lei' ma-thau' pa bu:
~ . ~, .~ .~. ~ .~ .
Doctor: Do any members of your family have heart disease, or have any had a heart attack?
dau'-ta hka-mya: mi.-tha:-zu.-win dwei de: hma hna-loun: yo:-ga da-hma.-ma-hou' hna-loun:
lei-hpya' hta myou: shi. la:
.~ ~ . . .~ ~ ~. ._ ~ ~. .~ ~ ~ .
~.
Major: Yes, my father died three years ago from heart disease.
bou-hmu: hou'-ke. shi. ba de ca-no. a-hpei lun-ge. de. thoun:-hni' ka. hna-loun: yo:-ga ne.
hsoun: thwa: ba de
~ . ~ ~ ~ ~, .~ . ~, ~ ~ ~. ._ , ~. .
~
Doctor: Well, I think you must stay in the hospital and rest for a few days.
307
dau'-ta kaun:-byi hka-mya: a-na:-yu bou. hsei:-youn hma ye' a-ne:-nge nei ya. me
.~ ~ .~. _ . ,. .~. _~ ,. ., _
Major: But I need to get back to my unit!
bou-hmu: da-bei-me. ca-no ta' kou pyan ya. oun: me
~ . . ~, .~ ~ ~ , _ .
Doctor: No, you have to stay in the hospital, rest, and take aspirin.
dau'-ta pyan-lou. ma-ya. bu: hka-mya: a-na:-yu bou. hsei:-youn hma nei ya. me pyi:-do.
a-kai'-a-hke:-pyau'-hse: thau' ya. me
.~ ~ , ~ _ . . ,. .~. ., _ _. .~ ~~
.~ .~. .~ _
11. Work with a partner. Pretend to be a doctor and a patient and role-play the dialogue
from Exercise 10.
12. Match the questions and answers. Check your work with the answer Key.
A. . ~ ., ~ 1. ~ ~ ~, .~ ~~ .. . ,~ ~
_ _ ~
hka-mya: be-lou nei le: hou'-ke. ca-no. le'-maun: hma tha-na' dan-ya ya. ba de
B. . ., ~ ~ 2. ~, .~ . ,. _. .. . ~
hka-mya: ba hpyi' nei da le: ca-no a:-ne: pyi: gaun:-mu: de
C. . ~ ~ 3. ~, .~ ~ _ .. ~~ ., ~
hka-mya: ba hpyi' hta le: ca-no. dan-ya thwei:-htwe' nei de
D. . , ., ~. 4. ~, .~ ~ , ~
hka-mya: na nei la: ca-no bai' na de
E. ,. , ~ 5. ~ ~ ~, .~ _ ~ , _. ~
~ ~
be na: na le: hou'-ke. ca-no yin-ba' na pyi: a-the'-shu ca' te
F. . ~ _ _ ~ ~. 6.~ ~ ~~ .~ .~. .~ ~.
~
hka-mya: dan-ya ya. hta la: hou'-ke. a-kai'-a-hke:-pyau'-hsei: thau: hta: ba de
G. . .~. .~ ~. 7. ~, .~ .~ .~ . ., ~
hka-mya: hse:-thau' la: ca-no to-to hpya: nei de
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13. What do you hear? Listen to the speaker and mark the statement that you hear.
Check your answers with the Answer Key.
1. A. What are your symptoms? I have a fever and a pain in my arm.
B. What are your symptoms? I have a fever and a pain in my leg.
C. What are your symptoms? I have a fever and a pain in my neck.
2. A. How do you feel? I dont feel well. I have a chest pain.
B. How do you feel? I dont feel well. I feel dizziness.
C. How do you feel? I dont feel well. I cant breathe.
3. A. Is there a doctor here? This man just had a heart attack.
B. Are you a doctor? This man just had a heart attack.
C. I am a doctor. This man just had a heart attack.
309
End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Practice answering the following questions in Burmese:
A. What is your normal pulse?
B. What is your normal blood pressure?
C. Are you allergic to any medications?
D. Have you ever had a head injury?
E. Have you ever had heat stroke?
2. Work with a partner or in a small group. Look at the picture and say, in Burmese, what
you think has happened with a patient. You might want to mention the following things: Is
the patient a man or a woman? What is his/her age? Is he/she a soldier? Is he/she
wounded? Is he/she injured? Is he/she in pain? Does he/she have bleeding? Does he/she
have a fever? Will he/she need to stay in the hospital? Does he/she have high blood
pressure? Does he/she have chest pain? Is he/she having a heart attack? Can he/she
breathe? Will he/she need CPR? Is he/she allergic to the medications? Does he/she take
any medications?
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Vocabulary List
Abnormal poun-hman ma-hou'-hta , ~ ~
Aspirin a-kai'-a-hke:-pyau'-hsei: ~~ .~ .~.
Bandage pa'-ti: ~ ~.
Band-aid hsei:-pa-la-sa-ta .~. ~ ~
Bleeding thwei:-htwe' .. ~~
Brain oun:-hnau' . .~
Breathing a-the'-shu ~
Cancer kin-hsa ~ ~
CPR si-pi-a
Cut a-na-sha. ,
Diabetes hsi:-jou yo:-ga ~. ._
Dressing pa'-ti: si: ~ ~. .
ER a-yei:-po-gan: ._. . ,.
Gunshot wound tha-na' dan-ya . ,~ ~ _
Head injury gaun: dan-ya .. ~ _
Heart hna-loun: ~.
Heart attack hna-loun: lei-hpya' hta ~. .~ ~ ~
Heart disease hna-loun: yo:-ga ~. ._
Heat stroke a-pu sha'
High blood
pressure
thwei:-paun-jein te' hta .. . , ~~ ~
I am allergic
to/
Are you allergic
to
ca-no .... ne. ma-te. bu:
hka-mya: hma ma-te. de.
.... shi. la:
~, .~ .... , ~ .
. ~ ~ ....
~.
Injured dan-ya ya./shi. ~ _ __
Injury dan-ya ~ _
Kidney cau'-ka' .~~ ~
Liver a-the: .
Lungs a-hsou'-twei ~~ .~
Organs kou-in-ga a-sei'-a-pain:
dwei
~ ~ . .~
Painkillers a-kai'-a-hke:-pyau'-hsei: ~~ .~ .~.
Penicillin pa-na-sa-lin , ~
Pulse thwei:-hkoun-hnoun: .. , ,.
Sterile pou:-tha' hta . ~ ~
To die thei
311
To stay nei ,
Wound/
Wounded
dan-ya / dan-ya ya. ~ _ ~ _ _
312
ANSWER KEY
Exercise 2
A. 3 Wounded leg
B. 4 Injured neck
C. 1 and/or 2 Wounded arm
D. 1 Injured arm
Exercise 6
A. 3 This soldier has an injured leg.
B. 2 This man didnt wear his hat. It was very hot today. Now he has heat stroke.
C. 1 This man has a dressing on his wounded arm.
Exercise 7
These are bandages and band-aids. You need them to make a dressing for a cut or wound. They
have to be sterile.
Exercise 9
A. . .~ oun:-hnau'
B. . a-the:
C. ~. hna-loun:
D. ~~ a-hsou'
E. .~~ ~
.~
kyau'-ka'-dwei
Exercise 12
A. How do you feel? 7. I feel really bad.
B. What is the matter with you? 3. My wound is bleeding.
C. What do you feel? 2. I feel weak and dizzy.
D. Are you in pain? 5. Yes, I have chest pain. I cant breathe.
E. Where does it hurt? 4. My stomach hurts.
F. Are you injured? 1. Yes, I have a gunshot wound in my arm.
G. Are you taking any medication? 6. Yes, painkillers.
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Exercise 13
1. C What are your symptoms? I have a fever and a pain in my neck.
hka-mya: ye. yo:-ga-le'-hka-na dwei ga. ba le ca-no hpya: pyi: le-bin: na de
. _ ._ ~~ ~ .~ ~ ~ ~, .~ . _. ~ . , ~
2. A How do you feel? I dont feel well. I have chest pain.
hka-mya: be-lou nei le: ca-no thei' nei ma-kaun: bu: yin-ba' na de
. ~ ., ~ ~, .~ ., .~. . _ ~ , ~
3. B Are you a doctor? This man just had a heart attack.
hka-mya: hsa-ya-wun la: di a-myou:-dha: you'-ta-ye' hna-loun: lei-hpya' thwa: lou. ba
. ~ _ , ~. . . ~ ~ _~ ~. .~ ~ . ~