The Implementation of Using PowerPoint in Teaching Preposition of Place at The Seventh Grade Students of MTsN Payakumbuh in 2012 / 2013

Academic Year

Submitted as requirements to fulfill the requirement for seminar of language teaching lecture

BY ILHAM SYAH PUTRA

STKIP ABDI PENDIDIKAN PAYAKUMBUH ENGLISH DEPARTMENT 2012/2013 Academic year

TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT.................................................................................... TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION..................................................... 1 A. Background Of The Problem................................. 1 B. Identification of The Problem................................ 2 C. Limitation of The Problem.................................... 3 D. Formulation of The Problem................................. 3 E. Research Hypothesis.............................................. 4 F. Purpose of The Research...................................... 4 G. Significance of the Research................................. 4 H. Definition of Key Terms........................................ 5 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE................ A. Review Of the Theories......................................... 6 a. English Preposition..................................... 6 b. Teaching Media........................................... 11 c. PowerPoint.................................................. 13 B. Review Of Related Finding................................... 18 C. Conceptual Framework.......................................... 19 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD.......................................... A. Research OF Design.............................................. B. Population and Sample.......................................... C. Instrumentation...................................................... 1. Validity of The Test................ 2. Reliability of the test............... D. Procedure of The Research................................... E. Technique of Data Gathering................................ F. Technique of Analysis Data.................................. 20 21 22 23 23 24 24 25

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

A.

Background of the Problem Language is one of the most important things in communication and it is used as a toll of communication among the nations in all over the world. As an international language, English is very important and has many interrelationships with various aspects of life owned by human being. In Indonesia, English considered as the first foreign language and taught formally from elementary school up to the university level. In learning English, students should master four skills (Listening, speaking, writing and reading). They are useful skill for communication. The students can use the book, magazines, radio, TV, and internet to help them in daily activities and in their environment. Grammar or structure is one aspect of language that learnt by students in order to be able to use English for communication, in speaking and writing forms. Then, as we know that grammar was the basic of English. It is used in all aspects of English, for instance in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. They are many elements in grammar, such as tenses, pronoun, noun, conjunction, elliptical construction, preposition, etc. Moreover, one of the elements in grammar, which is important to be considering during the English teaching and learning process, is prepositions. There are many kinds of preposition. The writer chose preposition of place because based on short observation the seventh grade students of MTsN Payakumbuh. The result of students who learn preposition of place is still low. They are still in doubt with the prepositions, especially preposition of place.

In learning English preposition, there are several of media that can be used such as, whiteboard, flit charts, wall charts, pictures, overhead projectors, etc. But in this research the writer used Microsoft PowerPoint as a media. Based on the reason above, the writer conduct a researcher at MTsN Payakumbuh about the implementation of using PowerPoint in teaching preposition of place at the seventh grade students in 2010/2011 academic year. B. Identification of the Problem In teaching English prepositions, at least there are three factors that should be considered, for instances method, materials, media. It means the teachers should know the method and media that used. The teachers should really understand the material. Nevertheless, in learning English grammar, the students also find some difficulties especially preposition of place. They can not difference the meaning in Indonesia from English, they do not understand the usage of each preposition, they do not interest in learning. C. Limitation Of The Problem Dealing with identification above, the writer limited the problem only to see the effectiveness of using PowerPoint in teaching preposition of Place at the seventh grade students of MTsN Payakumbuh in 2012 / 2013 academic year. D. Formulation of the Problem Based on the identification and limitation of the problem above, the writers formulate the problem into the following question: Was using PowerPoint Effective in teaching Preposition Of Place at the seventh Grade Students of MTsN Payakumbuh in 2011 /2013 academic year?

E.

Hypothesis of The Research To answer the problem of this research tentatively. The hypothesis is that: Ho Ho : t table t-calculated. : Using PowerPoint in teaching Prepositions of place is not significant effect at the seventh grade students of MTsN Payakumbuh in 2012/2013 academic year. H1 H1 : t- calculated t table : Using PowerPoint in teaching English preposition of Place is a significant effect at the seventh grade students of MTsN Payakumbuh in 2012/ 2013 Academic year. F. Purpose of the research The purposes of this research were: 1. To find out whether Using PowerPoint in teaching Prepositions of place is a significant effect at the seventh grade students of MTsN Payakumbuh in 2012/2013 academic year. 2. To find out whether using PowerPoint in teaching English preposition of Place is not significant effect at the seventh grade students of MTsN Payakumbuh in 2012/ 2013 Academic year. G. Significance of the Research This study is expected to give meaningful information to the development of the English teaching and learning, especially in English prepositions. This study is hoped to inform the English teacher about appropriated method of teaching English prepositions to the students. This study is also hoped in order to make the students more understand about preposition of place. Furthermore, this study is beneficial for the writer her self to enlarged her knowledge about how to apply an appropriate method of teaching English prepositions, especially preposition of place.

H. Definition of The Key Terms In order to avoid in understanding with the terms used in this research, it is necessary to define them as follows: 1. Preposition of place refers to prepositions which shows a place 2. PowerPoint is a program in the Microsoft Office suit that allows user to create presentations handouts. By creating PowerPoint slides user can add color, images, sound and movies to their text presentation.

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A. REVIEW OF THE THEORIES 1. Nature of Grammar Grammar is one of component in language skills. Azar (1992: xiii) state that English grammar can develop students skills in English as a second or foreign language. It means that grammar one of the keys in getting the skills in English and it can not be separated from the other skills. As we know, that grammar introduces the students to the form, meaning, and usage of basic structure in English. Furthermore, Emelia (2004: 11) states that grammar can support the students dealing with the four language skills. There are speaking, reading, listening and writing. It means grammar is an important component, and with a good grammar the students can get another skill in English. Based on the explanation above, we conclude that grammar is important component in language skills. Grammar can support the four language skills. There are many elements in grammar, such as tenses, pronoun, noun, conjunction, elliptical construction, preposition, etc. Moreover, preposition, which is important during the English teaching and learning process at the seventh grade students. There are many kinds of preposition, such as preposition of place, preposition of movement, preposition of time and the writer focused in preposition of place. 2. English Prepositions In studying English, one topic that learnt by students at the seventh grade of Junior High School is preposition. According to Quirk and Friends (1973: 143) a

preposition expresses a relation between two utilities, and Quick also add about preposition. Then, According to Harmer (1998: 37) preposition is a word (or group of word) which is used to show the way on which other are connected. So, many people call preposition used to connect two utilities or two words. While according to Wishon and Burk ( 1980 : 288 ) prepositions have been called the biggest little words in English. They are usually quite short and significant looking, but they have very important function. Wishon and Burk (1980 : 289) also say about used of preposition in: a. Meaning categories 1) Place, position Table 1: Preposition of Place Preposition Across After Against Among Around At Before Behind Bellow Between By In In front of Inside Near On On top of Opposite Outside Over To Under Underneath Example Her house is across the street The first street after the bridge is State Street His bicycle was learning against the fence The letter might be among those papers The shop is just around the corner He used to be a students at a North American University I have your letter before me now The garage is behind the house They live in the apartment below ours His shop is between the bank and the post office. That house by the lake is my dream house She was dozing in an armchair when we got there The ball stopped in front of the bus Come it. It is warmer inside the house You shouldnt smoke near gasoline He found the book on the table I want wiped cream on top of my strawberries The school is opposite the church Theres a birds nest outside my window The window is over the radiator Attach the rope to the bumper of the car The book was under the desk The book is underneath the papers.

2) Time Table 2: Preposition of Time Preposition Example About I think, She will be away about a week After Would you please call after eight Around I get to may office around nine every morning At I told her to meet us at six oclock sharp Before Take this medicine before mealtime By She should be back by seven at the latest During During the winter, I think III go to Florida From.to The office will be open from nine to one every day Fromuntil She works from eight until two sixs day a week In Ill meet you in an hour 3. Using Media In teaching and learning process, the teachers do not rely on spoken word only. Most activities for the learners should include movement and involved the senses. It means that the teacher had to have some media, such as plenty of object and pictures or demonstrates what she/he wants the students do.

4. Power Point There are many kinds of computer software for example: Microsoft words, Microsoft excel Microsoft FrontPage, and Microsoft PowerPoint. Microsoft PowerPoint is one of computer software that can be use to teach Preposition of place. It made the teachers and the students easy in teaching and learning proceed. PowerPoint is a program in the Microsoft office suite, which allows user to create presentation and handouts (Fisher, 2003 :1) by creating PowerPoint slide user can add color, image, sounds and movies to their text presentations.

B. REVIEW OF THE RELATED FINDING

Based on Arlan (2008:1), about The effectiveness of using Pictures in Teaching Preposition of Place toward the first year Students Achievement at MTsN Lubuk Buaya, The result of her research shows that there was a significant difference in achievement between the students who are thought by using pictures and those who are though without using pictures. The picture media can create situation quickly and easily in drills, pictures can give reality to what may misunderstanding verbally by the students, and to provide decoration for the classroom. But, on this research, the writer will use PowerPoint in teaching preposition of Place because PowerPoint enjoy the students very much, spend much time on the project then the other on see to be more involve in their product.

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A. Research Design The design of this research is experimental research. In this research, the writer would like see whether there is a significant effect between two classes; one class is taught by using PowerPoint and the other is taught conventional media. The design as follow: Table 3: Design of test Class Pre Test A Y B Y A = the experimental class B = the control class X = treatment of the experimental class X1 = post test for experimental and control class. (Gay: 2001: 369) Based on the explanation above, after the writer choose two classes for the sample, the writer do the pre-test to both of classes (the control class and experimental class). The pretest do to see the basic ability of the students preposition of place before teaching in the experimental and control class. Then, the treatment did to the experimental class only, then the writer do the post test to both of the classes (experimental class and control class) to see the significant effect of using PowerPoint in teaching preposition of place at the seventh grade students of MTsN Payakumbuh in 2009/2010 academic year and to answer the hypothesis. Treatment X Post - Test X1 X1

B. 1.

Population and Sample Population The population of this study was all the seventh grade students of MTsN Payakumbuh in 2012/2013 academic year which consisted of 217 students divided into 6 classes.

2.

Sample The writer was only need two classes among them. One class will used the experimental class than the second class for the control class.

C. Instrumentation The instrument of this research is grammar test in form of multiple choice tests. After do the treatment, the writer give the post test to the students. Brown (2004:3) states that a test is a method of measuring a persons ability or performance and knowledge in given domain. The writer give sixty four (40) item in the test among 75 minutes. And the writer deliver into the following specification:

Table 5: Item Specification of test No 1 2 3 4 5. 6. 7. 8. Preposition In On Under Beside In front of Behind At Below Total The Total Number of Items 6 6 4 3 4 6 6 5 40 item test

1. Validity of the Test According to Gay (1987:191), validity is the most important and quality of a test. The instrument was valid because the materials of the test are suitable with the curriculum of seven grade students of Junior high school level. In this research the writer will use one type of validity, namely content validity.

2. Reliability of the Test The reliability of this test is achieved by doing try out test in form multiple choices. There are 64 items which represent 8 kinds of preposition of place for the try out test. These items analyze to see its reliability. After trying out, each item analyze to know the difficulty level and discrimination level by using formula suggested by Gronlund (1981: 258). a. Item Difficulty In order to know the items difficulty it calculated by using formula: P P RU T = RU + RL x 100 % T

= item difficultly = Number of students who got right answers of the lower group = Number of students who got right answers of the lower group

Table 6: The classification of item difficulties 00 % - 30 % 31 % - 79 % 80 % - 100 % Difficult Moderate Easy

If the level of teach item was 0 % to 30 %, it means that the tests item was difficult, if the level of each item was 31 % up to 79%, it was moderate, and if the level of teach item was 79 % up to 100 %, it means that it was easy. b. Item discrimination

The item discrimination difficulties of item were differentiating between students who have high achievement and students who have low achievement. (Gronlund, 1981) the formula as follows: D= ( RU RL) x100 % 1 / 2T

D = Item discrimination power RU = The population of the high class who answer correctly RL = The population of low class who answer correctly T = the total numbers of the students who analyzed Brown (2004: 59) suggests the following classification of the items discrimination: Table 7: Items discrimination level 0,0 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 1,0 Discarded Revised Accepted

According to Brown (2004:59) if the level of each item was 0,0 0,2 it was discarded. If the level of each item 0,02 0,3 was revised, and if the level of each item 0,3 -1,0 the item was accepted.

D. Procedures of the Research The procedure of the research as followed: 1. Determine the place of doing the research 2. Select the population of the research 3. Select the sample of the research 4. Give pre-test on the sample classes

5. Do the treatment for the experimental class 6. Give post test on the sample after did the treatment 7. Analyze the result of the post test using t-test. 8. Analyze the data, get finding of the research based on hypothesis and giving the conclusion E. Technique of Data Gathering The briefly steps shown as follows: 1. Pre-test in experiment class and control class 2. Treatment 3. Post-test in experiment and control class

F. Technique of Data Analyzing For scoring the test, the writer use the formula as follow: P= f x 100 % N

P = Percentage of the students score f = Frequency on the students answer N = Total number of the test items Then, the score of the students classify into five categories based on the following classification, Haris (1969:134) Table 8: The classification of students level ability No 1 2 3 4 5 Test Score 90 100 80-89 70 - 79 60 - 69 < 59 Probable Class Performance Very Good Good Fair Poor Very Poor

In analyzing the data, the writer analyze the data both experiment and control class in pre-test and post-test. First, the writer found the standard deviation both of classes by using :

SD =

Note: SD = Standard deviation X1 N = The result of post-test = Sample size of the sample

Then, the writer used the formula t-test by Sudijono (2003:40). M1 M 2 t = S1 S 2 + N1 N 2 Note: t M1 M2 S1 S2 N1 N2 : Value of t calculating : Mean score of the experimental class : Mean score of the control class : Standard deviation of the experimental class : Standard deviation of the control class : Sample size of the experimental class : Sample size of the control class ( Sudijono, 2003:40) The t-test is used whether the t-calculated indicates a significant difference

between the mean score of the two classes. After the writer get t-calculated, then he find the t-table by using coefficient significant 0, 05 and used degree of freedom (df) by formula: df = (N1 + N2 ) 2 Note: df : Degree of freedom

N1 N2

: Number of Students of experiment class : Numbers of Students of control class (Sudijono,2003:40)

If the value of the t calculate the same as or less than the value of t-table, whether the Null hypothesis is rejected, it mean that there is no significant effect of using PowerPoint in teaching preposition of place at the seventh grade students of MTsN Payakumbuh in 2012/2013 academic year but if t-calculated is bigger than the value of t-table, the hypothesis of the research was accepted, it means that there is a significant effect of using PowerPoint in teaching preposition of place at the seventh grade students of MTsN Payakumbuh in 2012/2013 academic year.