LECTURE 5: PIPELINES and PIPE NETWORKS-III (HARDY-CROSS METHOD)

Hardy Cross Mehtod This method is applicable to closed loop systems

inflow 1 2 (node) inflow outflow (nodes) inflow outflow

The outflows from the system occurs at the nodes (NODE: End of each pipe section) Hardy Cross Method is based on principles that 1. At each junction the total inflow must be equal to the total outflow.

inflow

Junction 2

junction 1

for junction point 1

Total inflow Total outflow

Junction 2 Total inflow Total outflow 2. Head Loss Balance Criteria: Algebric sum of the head losses around any closed loop is zero:

D inflow A D A Clockwise direction B C outflow Counter clockwise B Clockwise inflow C outflow

LADC

LABC

(Clockwise direction)

(Counter clockwise direction)

For a given pipe system, with known junction outflows, Hardy Cross Method is an iterative procedure based on initially estimated in pipes. Estimated pipe flows are connected with iteration until head losses in clockwise direction is equal to the counterclockwise direction in each loop.
L

DA C L D B

B = 1.318 in BS
L

B = 0.85 in SI
L

Apply Darcy Weisbach Equation

c = clockwise cc = counterclockwise

With initially estimated flowrates, its not expected that These head losses will be equal to each other. Closure error of the first trial

Flow correction, Assume

To equalize head losses

substract

from add to

R Q

R Q

HL Q

HL

for Darcy Weisbach

HL

HL Q

for Hazen Williams

HL Q

HL

for Mannings Equation