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dname

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sid

name

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age

gpa

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dave@cs

19

3.3

53666 Jones

jones@cs

18

3.4

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53688 Smith

smith@ee

18

3.2

(RECORDS, ROWS)

53650 Smith

smith@math

19

3.8

53831 Madayan madayan@music

11

1.8

53832 Guldu

12

2.0

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64

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44

2
64

44

01

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010

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25

10

11

25

100
101

110

10

2
C

10

111
3
DIRECTORY

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27

19

Delete 63
3
63

D2

 
  

11

27

19

www.jntuworld.com
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Level = 1 ,
h1

h0

000

00

N=4

64
Next = 1

001

01

010

10

10

011

11

31

100

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44

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63

Delete 44

Level = 1 ,
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Next = 0

000

00

64

001

01

010

10

10

011

11

31

25

15



  
  

63

www.jntuworld.com
 



  

 

   

Level = 2 ,
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Level = 1 , N = 2

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000

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64

16

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00

64

16

25

19

Next = 1
001

01

010

10

10

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11

31

25

19

01

10

10

Delete 31

  
   

www.jntuworld.com
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3
2
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64 32

16

01
10

11

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41

73

2
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35

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DIRECTORY
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35

11

D
3
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Insert 4 , 5, 7.

3
5

3
7

  
  2

www.jntuworld.com
 



  

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100

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110

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Insert 4, 5, 6

  
  

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www.jntuworld.com

      

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