CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PRACTICES

TITLE : LAB REPORT OF SERIES AND PARALLEL PUMPS EXPERIMENT

STUDENT NAME : Sukesh A/L Soundara Pandian STUDENT ID NO : SCM-00969 DATE OF SUBMISSION : 28 JANUARY 2010 LECTURER NAME: MR. Jason

Abstract
Pump is a used to transfer mechanical energy from a prime mover into fluid energy to produce the flow of liquids. This report describes an experiment to demonstrate the basic operation and characteristics of centrifugal pumps. It is also done to differentiate the flow rate and pressure head of a single pump and two identical pumps that is run in series or parallel.

Introduction
The objective the experiment is to determine the flow rates and pressure head of a single pump and of two identical pumps. In this experiment, centrifugal pumps have been used to determine the flow rates and the pressure head. This experiment is conducted in series and parallel to identify the pressure different in both pumps. Centrifugal pump is known as one of the most widely used pumps for transferring liquids. Its also known as a device to transfer mechanical energy from a prime mover into fluid energy to produce the flow of liquids. The pump is connected in 2 ways; in series and another as parallel pump. Centrifugal pump are connected in parallel because to provide enough flow rates compare to centrifugal pump that connected in series, the function is to provide enough head for the flow of liquids.

Experimental Methods General start-up procedures:

Before any experiment is done, a check procedure is done to avoid any malfunction and misused of apparatus 1. The circulation tank is filled with water until the end of the pipe output is submerge with the water 2. The valve 5 is partially opened 3. The main power supply is switched on 4. The valve position is checked for the appropriate pump Pump Operation Single Serial Running Pump Pump 1 ,P1 Both Pump,P1 & P2 Parallel Both Pump,P1 & P2 1,2,4 3 Open Valve 1,4 1,3 Close Valve 2,3 2,4

5. The pump is turned on and valve5 is slowly opened until maximum flowrate is achieved ORIENTATION Single Series Parallel MINIMUM FLOW RATE(LPM) 20 20 40 MAXIMUM FLOW RATE(LPM) 90 90 180

Experiment 1: Single Pump Operation

Fully Close Valve 2&3 Fully Open Valve 1&4 Variable Parameter Valve 5 Pump On Pump 1

1. Before the experiment been proceeding, valve 2 and 3 has been closed fully, valve 1 and 4 has been opened fully, and pump 1 has been on 2. All the settings is followed as how the equipment is set up 3. Valve 5 is slowly opened until a flow rate of 20 LPM is achieved 4. The pressure reading in the pressure indicator is recorded. The flow rate and pressured value is recorded when stable condition is achieved.

5. The experiment is repeated with the flow rate being increased at an interval of 10 LPM until 90 LPM is achieved.

Experiment 2: Series Pump Operation

Fully Close Valve 2,4 Fully Open Valve 1,3 Variable Parameter Valve 5 Pump On Both pump

1. Before the experiment been proceeding, valve 2 and 4 has been closed fully, valve 1 and 3 has been opened fully, and both pump has been on. 2. All the settings is followed as how the equipment is set up 3. Valve 5 is slowly opened until a flow rate of 20 LPM is achieved 4. The pressure reading in the pressure indicator is recorded. The flow rate and pressured value is recorded when stable condition is achieved. 5. The experiment is repeated with the flow rate being increased at an interval of 10 LPM until 90 LPM is achieved.

Experiment 3: Parallel Pump Operation

Fully Close Valve 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Variable Pump On Parameter 1,2 & 4 Valve 5 Both pump Before the experiment been proceeding, valve 3 has been closed fully, valve 1, 2 and 3 has been opened fully, and both pumps have been on. All the settings is followed as how the equipment is set up Valve 5 is slowly opened until a flow rate of 40 LPM is achieved The pressure reading in the pressure indicator is recorded. The flow rate and pressured value is recorded when stable condition is achieved. The experiment is repeated with the flow rate being increased at an interval of 20 LPM until 180 LPM is achieved. Fully Open Valve

Figure 1.0 : Centrifugal Pump

Data and analysis

The specific result from this experiment allows us to determine the best type of pump setup to use. Either single series or parallel. Experimental results:

Experiment 1: Single Pump Operation Pressure Gauge 1 Pressure Gauge 2 Rotameter (FI1) (PG1) (PG2) 2 LPM kgf/cm kgf/cm2 20 1.06 3.13 30 1.06 3.07 40 1.06 3.02 50 1.05 2.94 60 1.05 2.86 70 1.04 2.77 80 1.03 2.69 90 1.02 2.57 Experiment 2: Series Pump Operation Rotameter (FI1) Pressure Gauge 1 (PG1) Pressure Gauge 3 (PG3) Pressure Gauge 4 (PG4)

Pressure Difference kgf/cm2 2.07 2.01 1.96 1.89 1.81 1.73 1.66 1.55

Pressure Difference (PG4-PG1)

LPM 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

kgf/cm2 1.06 1.06 1.05 1.05 1.04 1.03 1.02 1.00

kgf/cm2 3.11 3.04 2.98 2.90 2.81 2.74 2.55 2.54

kgf/cm2 5.10 4.98 4.85 4.69 4.54 4.39 4.23 4.02

kgf/cm2 4.04 3.92 3.80 3.64 3.50 3.36 3.21 3.02 Pressure Difference (PG4PG1) kgf/cm2 2 1.95 1.9 1.83 1.76 1.67 1.61 1.56

Experiment 3: Parallel Pump Operation Rotameter Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure Difference Gauge 1 Gauge 2 Gauge 4 (FI1) (PG2(PG1) (PG2) (PG4) PG1) 2 2 2 LPM kgf/cm kgf/cm kgf/cm kgf/cm2 40 1.05 3.08 3.05 2.03 60 1.05 3.03 3.00 1.98 80 1.05 2.98 2.95 1.93 100 1.04 2.92 2.87 1.88 120 1.03 2.82 2.79 1.79 140 1.03 2.73 2.70 1.7 160 1.02 2.64 2.61 1.62 180 1.00 2.56 2.51 1.56

Graph

Single Pump Operation

Pressure Difference kgf/cm2 2.5 2 1.5 Series1 1 0.5 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Flowrate LPM

Series Operational pump

Pressure Difference (PG4-PG1) kgf/cm2 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Flowrate LPM Series1

Parallel Pump operation

Pressure Difference kgf/cm2 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Flowrate LPM PG2-PG1 PG4-PG1

Discussion
In this experiment 3 different types of pumps were being used. The types of pumps that were used is the single operation pump, series operation pump and parallel operation pump. During the experiment the pressure the pressure value is constantly recorded to identify the different pressure value and to illustrate the pressure difference against flow rate in the form of a graph for single operation pump, series operation pump and parallel operation pump. Based on the graph plotted it can be seen that when the flow rate

increases the pressure of the pump decreases for all types of pump operation and the curve for series operation pump is much higher compared to the single operation pump and parallel operation pump.

Conclusion
Based on this experiment and the results obtained it can be concluded that pump in series operation is better a better pump when it is compared to a single operation pump or pump in parallel operation. It is also suitable for any industry