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UNIVERSITY OF NAMIBIA DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY EGT3222 MATERIALS SCIENCE Date: 19th March, 2003 TEST 1 Duration 2.00 hours

INSTRUCTIONS: Closed book Test. Answer all questions using the answer book provided. Question 1 (20 points) What is an isotope? Chromium, which has an atomic number of 24, has four isotopes: 4.31% of Cr atoms contain 26 neutrons, 83.76% contain 28 neutrons, 9.55% contain 29 neutrons, and 2.38% contain 30 neutrons. Calculate the atomic mass of chromium.

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Question 2: (20 points) Determine the miller indices for the planes A and B, shown in the figure below:

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Question 3. (20 points) Bismuth has a hexagonal structure, with ao = 0.4546 nm and co = 1.186 nm. The density is 9.808 g/cm3 and the atomic weight is 208.98 g/mol. Determine (a) the volume of the unit cell and (b) how many atoms are in each unit cell. Avogadros number = 6.02 x 1023 atoms/gram-mole.

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Question 4: (20 points) A diffracted X-ray beam is observed from the (311) planes of aluminium at a 2 angle of 78.3 degrees when X-rays of 0.15418 nm wavelength are used. Calculate the lattice parameter of the aluminium.

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Question 5: (20 points) (a) Describe how point defects can be formed in crystalline materials. (b) State the Hall-Petch equation relating the grain size to the yield strength of metals. The strength of titanium is found to be 325 MPa when the grain size is 17 x 10-6 m and 410 MPa when the grain size is 0.8 x 10-6 m. Determine (i) the constants in the Hall-Petch equation and (ii) the strength of the titanium when the grain size is further reduced to 0.2 x 10-6 m.

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