Cursul nr 3 25 oct 2011 Scheletul trunchiului Coloana vertebrala

Conf. univ. Dr. Nicolae Gogulescu As. Univ. Dr. Bogdan Adrian Gogulescu

Scheletul axial

craniu coloana vertebrala (dorsal) Stern (ventral)

Scheletul axial

Sternul

Coloana vertebrala

33 34 vertebre suprapuse cu caracteristici speciale.

7 vertebre cervicale 12 toracale 5 vertebre lombare 5 vertebre sacrale sudate: osul sacru 4 5 vertebre invaluate si sudate intre ele: osul coccis

Curburile coloanei la patrupede

Drumul spre demnitate

Actiunea extensorilor:

cervical lombar coxofemural

Tupuri de coloana vertebrala

Coloana statica

Colona dinamica

Caractere coloana vertebrala

Un sir de oase neregulate, independente, strans legate intre ele, dar cu mici miscari posibile intre ele Creaza o axa centrala pentru scheletul trunchiului Protectie pentru maduva spinarii Vertebrele sunt grupate in:

Cervicale (7) Toracale (12) Lombare (5) Sacrale (5) Cocigiene

Caracterele generale ale vertebrelor

Corp vertebral: Arc vertebral Orificiu vertebral

Vertebra standard

Corp vertebral:

>/< cilindric Fetele superioare si inferioare sunt latite, aspre Convex in sens transversal Concav de sus in jos Cu mici orificii nutrritive pe fata anterioara

Arcul vertebral

O pereche de pediculi

Se proiecteaza dorsal de corp Ridicaturi groase la jonctiunea fetei laterale cu cea posterioara
Continua pediculii si se unesc in apofiza spinoasa 4 articulare 2 transversale 1 spinoasa

Doua lame vertebrale

7 apofize:

Apofizele

Occipitalul norma basalis

Articulatia atlasului cu occipitalul si axisul

Articulatia atlasului cu odontoida

Coloana cervicala

Vertebra cervicala

Atlas

C 2 - Axis

Axis

Articulatia odonto=axoidiana

Complexul functional occipital atlas axis

Stabilitate:

Osoasa Ligamentara Musculara

Complexul functional occipital atlas axis sectiune sagitala

Gat: Norma lateralis

Coloana cervicala degenerare

Artroza cervicala

Proteza discala

Hioidul

Hioidul si muschii hioidieni

Torace

Vertebra toracica

Sternul

Sternul si coastele

Toracele de fata

Proiectii la nivelul toracelui

Toracoscopia

Proiectii si sectiuni

Interrelatii

Muscutatura anterioara a trunchiului 1.

Muscutatura anterioara a trunchiului 2

Scolioza Modificari toracice complexe

Scolioza rezolvare chirurgicala

Scolioza dorso-lombara

Locul claviculei

Scapula, clavicula si toracele

Baza toracelui

Toracele vedere posterioara

Muscutatura anterioara a trunchiului 1.

Muscutatura anterioara a trunchiului 2

M multifidus

Dissection, digitization, and three-dimensional modeling of lumbar multifidus, lateral views. A: Dissection of superficial (red), intermediate (yellow), and deep (purple) regions. B, C, D, E, F: Segments of the superficial region attaching to L1L5 spinous processes. G: Threedimensional reconstruction of the digitized specimen shown in A. H: Segments of the intermediate region attaching to the L1L4 spinous processes. Note that there is no intermediate LMT attaching to the spinous process at L5. I: Segments of the deep region attaching to the L1L5 laminae. J: Regions of LMT attaching to the L5 spinous process. Intermediate LMT is absent at L5. LMT, lumbar multifidus; sp, spinous process; mp, mammillary process; tp, transverse process; PSIS, posterior superior iliac spine; L, lumbar

ALESSANDRO L. ROSATELLI,* KAJEANDRA AVICHANDIRAN, AND ANNE M. AGUR ThreeDimensional Study of the Musculotendinous Architecture of Lumbar Multifidus and Its Functional Implications Clinical Anatomy 21:539546 (2008)

Coloana lombara

Vertebrele lombare

Insertii musculare

Articularea vertebrelor lombare

Articulatia vertebrelor lombare

Ligamentul galben L4-L5

Metric analysis of a ligamentum flavum at L4-L5 level in axial plane in T1weighted MR sequence. (A) Actual size; (B) Magnified
ALP ALPER SAFAK,1 MERIH IS, OZDEMIR SEVINC, CAGATAY BARUT, NESRIN ERYORUK, BESIR ERDOGMUS, AND MURAT DOSOGLU The Thickness of the Ligamentum Flavum in Relation to Age and Gender Clinical Anatomy 23:7983 (2010)

M multifidus

Dissection, digitization, and three-dimensional modeling of lumbar multifidus, lateral views. A: Dissection of superficial (red), intermediate (yellow), and deep (purple) regions. B, C, D, E, F: Segments of the superficial region attaching to L1L5 spinous processes. G: Threedimensional reconstruction of the digitized specimen shown in A. H: Segments of the intermediate region attaching to the L1L4 spinous processes. Note that there is no intermediate LMT attaching to the spinous process at L5. I: Segments of the deep region attaching to the L1L5 laminae. J: Regions of LMT attaching to the L5 spinous process. Intermediate LMT is absent at L5. LMT, lumbar multifidus; sp, spinous process; mp, mammillary process; tp, transverse process; PSIS, posterior superior iliac spine; L, lumbar

ALESSANDRO L. ROSATELLI,* KAJEANDRA AVICHANDIRAN, AND ANNE M. AGUR ThreeDimensional Study of the Musculotendinous Architecture of Lumbar Multifidus and Its Functional Implications Clinical Anatomy 21:539546 (2008)

Centura pelvina

Doua oase coxale:

articulate posterior cu osul sacru (articulatia sacrailiaca) articulate anterior intre: semifiza pelviana.

Bazinul (pelvisul) incheie terminal cavitatea trunchiului. Osul coxal este format, prin sudarea la puberate a 3 oase:

ilium, ischium, pubis unite prin cartilajul in Y menajeaza gaura obturata, inchisa de membrana obturatoare Prin fata interna contribuie la constituirea foselor iliace si a stramtorii superioare a bazinului care formeaza limita intre bazinul mare si bazinul mic Pe fata lor externa si central exista o cavitate scobita prin care se face articulatia cu capul femural.

Sacrul

Sacrum

Sacrum posterior

Sacrum lateral

Variabilitate: inclinarea laterala

Sacralizarea vertebrelor lombare

Spina bifida oculta

Suprafete accesorii

Accessory auricular surface in sacrum and its corresponding accessory auricular surface in ilium

Variabilitate sacru

LI-PING WU, YI-KAI LI, YU-MING LI, YING-QI ZHANG, AND SHI-ZHEN ZHONG Variable Morphology of the Sacrum in a Chinese Population Clinical Anatomy 22:619626 (2009

Spondiloliza

Spondiloliza

Coccis

Coccis vedere laterala

Schema discului intervertebral

Discul intervertebral

De la copil la adult

Hernia discala

Modificarile discului intervertebral

Stenoza canalului medular

Stenoza canalului medular

Destabilizarea coloanei vertebrale 1

Destabilizarea coloanei vertebrale 2

Destabilizarea coloanei vertebrale DEGENERATIVA

Spondilolistezis degenerativ cu stenoza foraminala

Rotatia accentueaza stenoza 1

Rotatia accentueaza stenoza 2