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DEVELOPMENTS
ATM - ACHIEVED BY
AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES
CONTROLLER PILOT DATA LINK (CPDL)
ADVANTAGES
EFFICIENT USE OF AIRSPACE IMPROVED INFORMATION EXCHANGE ACCOMMODATION OF PREFERRED PROFILE SAFER FLYING IMPROVED ACCURACY
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
PH-I : TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION
PH-II : INITIAL EXPERIMENTAL PHASE PH-III : FINAL OPERATIONAL PHASE
HISTORY
1970 : CANADA SCIENTISTS PROOVE TECHNOLOGY 1975 : CANADA PREPARES A SARSAT PLAN 1977:USA & FRANCE JOIN IN 1980:USSR JOINS IN AND A JOINT PROJECT COSPAS-SARSAT EVOLVES SUBSEQUENTLY: FOUR SATELLITES (2 BY RUSSIA) ARE LAUNCHED.
LIMITATIONS
THE DISTRESS SIGNAL REQUIRES MONITORING EXISTING SYSTEM IS ON VHF BAND AND HAS TO INITIALLY COMMUNICATE ON THE FREQ IN USE BEING A VHF COMMUNICATION, LINE OF SIGHT RESTRICTS RANGE IN HF BAND THE STATIC EFFECT AND POOR DIRECTIONAL STABILITY RESTRICTS ITS USE VHF BEING A LINE OF SIGHT TERRAIN CAUSES OBSTRUCTION
BASIC PRINCIPLE
1. SARSAT LOCATES BEACON IN DISTRESS, ON LAND, SEA OR AIR , BY USE OF NEAR POLAR ORBITING SATELLITES AT AN ALTITUDE OF 1000 KMs, WITH A NETWORK OF GROUND STATIONS.
2. THE RELATIVE VELOCITY BETWEEN THE SATELLITE AND THE BEACON CARRIED BY THE VEHICLE IN DISTRESS, CREATES A DOPPLER SHIFT THAT DETERMINES THE BEACON LOCATION.
3. THE BEACON LOCATION IS COMMUNICATED TO SAR FORCES BY THE GROUND STATIONS.
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TIME
SYSTEM COMPONENTS
EMERGENCY BEACON : BATTERY OPERATED, 24 HRS
CONTINUOUS OPERATION TEMPERATURE. AT MIN SPECIFIED
METHOD OF ACTIVATION
ELT : EMERGENCY LOCATOR TRANSMITTER CARRIED BY ACs , ACTIVATED BY IMPACT ON CRASH. EPIRB : EMERGENCY POSITION INDICATING RADIO BEACON CARRIED BY SHIPS , ACTIVATED ON FLOATATION.
SYSTEM COMPONENTS
FOUR POLAR SATELLITES ALTITUDE COUNTRIES 1000KMs CANADA, USA, FRANCE ( 1975) & USSR- ( 1980 ) (COSPAS SARSAT )
SARSAT LUTs LOCAL USER TERMINALS RECEIVE THE SATELLITE SIGNAL, PROCESS & COMPUTE THE EMERGENCY BEACON POSITION, FOR ONWARD PASSING TO THE MASTER CONTROL CENTRE.
SYSTEM COMPONENTS
OTHER GROUND STATIONS MCCs - MASTER CONTROL CENTRES RCCs - RESCUE COORDINATION CENTRES. SAR FORCES - AIR, SEA & LAND FORCES DESIGNATED BY APPROPRIATE AUTHORITY FOR RESCUE OPERATIONS, BOTH CIVILIAN & MILITARY.
FREQUENCIES USED : 121.5 MHz, 243 MHz. GRADUAL CHANGE OVER TO 406.025 MHz IN THE DISTRESS BAND OF 406- 406.1 MHz - HAS DIGITAL MODULATION FOR BEACON IDENTITY.
SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS
ELT /
EPIRB SAR
LIMITATIONS
A PERIOD OF TIME VARYING BETWEEN 1-2 HRS, WHEN NO SATELLITE WILL BE IN FIELD OF VIEW OF AN ELT / EPIRB. USE OF A GEO- STATIONARY SATELLITE WILL ENSURE CONTINUOUS COVERAGE, BUT NO DOPPLER INFORMATION. USE OF 406 MHz DISTRESS BEACONS DIGITAL MODULATION CAN PROVIDE BEACON IDENTITY.
A RESCUE SUB CENTRE EACH AT COCHIN (CHENNAI FIR ) AND UDHAMPUR ( DELHI FIR )
LUTs ARE AT BANGALORE AND LUCKNOW MCC, CO-LOCATED WITH LUT AT BANGALORE.
MCC PASSES INFO TO RELEVANT FIR & TRANSMITS TO RCC AUTOMATICALLY BY TELEX. IAF RESPONSIBLE FOR CONDUCT OF SAR OPS FOR MILITARY AC BESIDES BEING PART OF OVERALL SAR OPS FOR THE NATION.
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