Lucrarea nr.

2
Analiza barei drepte solicitat axial prin metoda elementului finit
Pentru bara solicitat axial, din fig.1, se cere s se determine prin metoda elemetului finit:
a) deplasrile;
b) reaciunile structurii i verificarea lor;
c) eforturile din elementele finite i diagramele de eforturi;
d) rezultatele obinute prin calcul manual se vor verifica cu programul FEM 1D
Date numerice:
2
250 ; 10000 ; 5000 / ; 2 ; 1, 6 ; 0, 8
4; 5.
A mm P N g N m a m b a c a



Rezolvare:
a b c c
A
q
P
P A
1
4 5
2
H
4
H
1
Z
X
1 2
3
4
3
1 2 3 4 5
F
1
F
2
F
3
F
4
F
5
1) stabilirea modelului structural discretizat:
a) 4; 5 m n
b) atribuirea gradelor de libertate (translaii):
{ }

'

'

5
4
3
2
1
5
5
3
2
1
u
u
u
u
u
;
{ }

'

'

'

0
0
0
2
2
0
5
4
1
5
4
3
2
1
qa
qa
H
P
P
H
F
F
F
F
F
F
c) analiza elementului finit pentru a obine modelul numeric:
y
z
x
N
2 N
2
q
e
l
e
1 2
{ }
1 1
2 2
e
d u
d
d u
1 1

1 1
] ]
; { }
1
2
e
e
e
F
F
F
1

1
]
- modelul matematic:
{ } { } { }
e e e
k d F
Unde:
1 1
1 1
e e
e
e
E A
k
l
1

1

]
Elementul 1:
{ }
1
1 1 3, 2 3, 2
4
1 1 3, 2 3, 2 1, 25
E A EA
k
l l
1 1

1 1

] ]
; { }
1
1
1
1
2
5
2
ql
H
F
ql P
1

1
1
+ 1
1
] 1

1
]
;
Relaia fizic elementala expandat:
{ }
1
3, 2 3, 2 0 0 0
3, 2 3, 2 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
EA
k
l
_

,
; { }
1
1
1
1
2
5
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
ql
H
P ql
F
1

1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1 +
1
1
1
1
1
1
]
1
]
Elementul 2:
{ }
2
1 1 2 2
4
1 1 2 2 2
E A EA
k
l l
1 1

1 1

] ]
; { }
2
5 0
0 0
P
F
1 1
+
1 1
] ]
;
Relaia fizic elementala expandat:
{ }
2
0 0 0 0 0
0 2 2 0 0
0 2 2 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
EA
k
l
_

,
; { }
1
0 0
5 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
P
F
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1 +
1 1
1 1
1 1
] ]
Elementul 3:
{ }
3
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
E A EA
k
l l
1 1

1 1

] ]
; { }
3
0 0
0
F
P
1 1
+
1 1

] ]
;
Relaia fizic elementala expandat:
{ }
3
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 0
0 0 1 1 0
0 0 0 0 0
EA
k
l
_

,
; { }
3
0 0
0 0
0 0
0
0 0
F
P
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1 +
1 1

1 1
1 1
] ]
Elementul 3:
{ }
3
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
E A EA
k
l l
1 1

1 1

] ]
; { }
3
4
0
0
P
F
H
1 1
+
1 1
] ]
;
Relaia fizic elementala expandat:
{ }
4
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 1
0 0 0 1 1
EA
k
l
_

,
; { }
4
4
0 0
0 0
0 0
0
0
F
P
H
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1 +
1 1

1 1
1 1
] ]
d) sumarea relaiilor elementale:
{ }
3, 2 3, 2 0 0 0
3, 2 5, 2 2 0 0
0 2 3 1 0
0 0 1 2 1
0 0 0 1 1
K
_

,
Introducerea condiiilor limit:
a) rearanjarea relaiilor fizice elementale:
{ }
1
2
3
4
5
3
1
2
5
4
n
r
_ _

_




,

, ,

nr
rn r
nn n n
rr r r
n
k P
k P Q
Q k
k
1 1 1 1
+
1

1 1 1
] ] ] ]
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
nr
rn
r
rr r r
n n n
n r
n n
k P Q
k k P Q
k

+ +

'
+ +

b) condiiile de rezemare:
[ ]
1
5
0
0
r
1 1

1 1

] ]

;
Deci sistemul de mai sus devine:
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
rn
n
r r
nn n n
n
k
k P Q
P Q
+

'
+

Matricea k scimbata:
[ ]
5, 2 2 0 3, 2 0
2 3 1 0 0
0 1 2 0 1
3, 2 0 0 3, 2 0
0 0 1 0 1
K
1
1

1
1
1

1
1

]
[ ]
5
0
n
P
P
P
1
1

1
1
]
; [ ]
2
0
0
n
qa
Q
1

1
1

1
1
1
]
[ ]
1
5
r
H
P
H
1

1
]
; [ ] 2
0
r
qa
Q
1

1
]
[ ]
5, 2 2 0
2 3 1
0 1 2
nn
k
1
1

1
1
]
; [ ]
3, 2 0
0 1
rr
k
1

1
]
; [ ]
3, 2 0
0 0
0 1
nr
k
1
1

1
1
]
; [ ]
3, 2 0 0
0 0 1
rn
k
1

]
Dn
5.2
2
0
2
3
1
0
1
2

,
1
50000
0
10000

,
5000
0
0

,
+

1
1
1
]
:
Dn
1.139 10
4

7.111 10
3

1.444 10
3

x
3.2
0
0
0
0
1

,
Dn
5000
0

,
:
x
3.144 10
4

1.444 10
3

NE NL ND
4 3 2
ELEM# AREA E ALPHA TEMP_RISE
1 .1000E+04 .2100E+06 .0000E+00 .0000E+00
2 .1000E+04 .2100E+06 .0000E+00 .0000E+00
3 .2500E+03 .2100E+06 .0000E+00 .0000E+00
4 .2500E+03 .2100E+06 .0000E+00 .0000E+00
NODE# COORDINATE
1 .0000E+00
2 .2000E+04
3 .5200E+04
4 .6800E+04
5 .8400E+04
NODE# SPECIFIED DISPLACEMENT
1 .0000E+00
5 .0000E+00
NODE# APPLIED LOAD
1 -.5000E+04
2 .4500E+05
4 -.1000E+05
NODE# DISPLACEMENT
1 .2995E-04
2 .3471E+00
3 .2167E+00
4 -.4401E-01
5 -.1375E-05
ELEM# STRESS
1 .3644E+02
2 -.8556E+01
3 -.3422E+02
4 .5776E+01
NODE# REACTION FORCE
1 -.3144E+05
5 .1444E+04
2m 3,2m 1,6m
5000
50000
10000 A
1
4 5
2
1444 31444
Z
X
1 2
3
4
3
N
[N]
1,6m
31444
41444
8556
1444