Types of rocks

Done by Alyazia ahmad

alsuwaidi
?What are rocks
A rock is made of grains that
fit together. Each grain in the
rock is made from a mineral,
which is a chemical
compound. The grains in a
Sandstone has rounded grains
rock can be different colors,
shapes and sizes.

Some types of rock have

interlocking grains that fit
tightly together. Granite is a
rock with interlocking grains.
Other types of rock have
rounded grains. Sandstone is
a rock with rounded grains.
Granite has interlocking grains
 ?What are
)…continued(
rocks

Rocks with rounded grains are

more likely to absorb water
than rocks with interlocking Rocks with interlocking
grains. This is because the grains are more likely to
water can get into the gaps be hard and non-porous

between the grains. Rocks

that absorb water are called
porous. Rocks with rounded
grains are usually softer and
more crumbly than rocks with
interlocking grains.

Rocks with rounded

grains are more likely to
be crumbly and
porous
 The rock cycle
There are three main
types of rock:

- Sedimentary, for
example chalk,
limestone, sandstone
and shale;

- Igneous, for example

basalt and granite;

- Metamorphic, for
example slate and
marble
The Earth's rocks do not stay the same forever. They are
continually changing because of processes such as
weathering and large earth movements. The rocks are
gradually recycled over millions of years. This is called the
.rock cycle
Sedimentary rocks
• Formation

• For millions of years, little

pieces of our earth have
been eroded by wind and
water.
• These little bits of our
earth are washed
downstream where they
settle to the bottom of the
rivers, lakes, and oceans.
• Layer after layer of eroded
earth is deposited on top
of each. These layers are
pressed down more and
more through
time(compaction and
cementation), until the
bottom layers slowly turn
into rock.
 Formation
Igneous rocks
The inside of the Earth is very hot
- hot enough to melt rocks.
Molten )liquid( rock forms when
rocks melt. The molten rock is
called magma.
When the magma cools and
solidifies, a type of rock called
igneous rock forms.
Metamorphic rocks
Formation

Earth movements may

cause rocks to be deeply
buried or squeezed.
As a result, the rocks are
heated and put under
great pressure. They do
not melt, but the
minerals they contain are
changed chemically,
forming metamorphic
rocks. Sometimes,
metamorphic rocks are
formed when rocks are
close to some molten
magma, and so get
heated up.