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The Rainbow Effect on CDs

Rainbow patterns occur in soap bubbles, oil on water, and CDs. In all three cases, rainbow patterns are created by the destructive and constructive interferences of the light that bounces of the surface. In the case of CDs, white light hits the surface of the CD and pass through. The rest of the light is reflected off the top and bottom layers of the CD. The light that are reflected off the top layer travels a shorter distance than the light that are reflected off the bottom layer. Because the thickness is perfect, it causes interference. Due to the precise measured thickness, red wavelength (sine wave) will reflect off the bottom and top layers in perfect orientation. If there are numerous red light waves, they then combine together into a larger wave resulting in the increase of red light observed. The opposite can occur as well. If the waves are out of phase, a destructive interference occurs (no light). Comparing to soap bubbles and oil on water, the surface of a CD is mirrored; therefore the intensity of the rainbow colors is greater.

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