Typhoid Fever Pathophysiology

Precipitating Factors: Predisposing Factors: Age Immunocompromised Medical History Geographical area Poor hand hygiene Eating food from the outside source (street foods, carinderia) Unboiled/ unpurified drinking water Unsanitary Preparation of food

Etiology: Ingestion of foods or fluids contaminated with Salmonella typhi bacteria

Bacteria enter the stomach & survive a pH as low as 1.5

Bacteria invade the Peyers patches of the intestinal wall in the small intestine where it attach (incubation period is first 7-14 days after ingestion)

Enter bloodstream via lymphatics (Peyers patches) S/Sx: Inject toxin known as the effector proteins into the intestinal cells & interrupts with the cellular proteins & lipids & manipulate their function resulting in phagocytization of the epithelial cell membrane Abdominal cramps

Bacteria induced macrophage apoptosis, breaking out into the bloodstream and cause systemic infection.

S/Sx: High fever & chills Rashes made up of flat, rosecolored spots Fatigue / weakness Body malaise Headache

TYPHOID FEVER

Intestinal hemorrhage Typhoid psychosis Sepsis