Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida

The Worm Phyla

Radiata Parazoa no true tissues Eumetazoa

Bilateria

Multicellularity

http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/zoology/animalclassification/Polygenetic/phylogenetictree/phylogenetictree.htm

Acoelomates, Coelomates, & Pseudocoelomates

Describe the structure and functions of the coelom.

How is a pseudocoelom different from a true coelom?

What are the peritoneum and mesenteries?

https://wikispaces.psu.edu/download/attachments/38807300/Fig6.jpg

General Description
Match the representative organisms below with the statement describing the members of the phylum to which they belong.
A. Unsegmented worms with pseudocoeloms B. With ring-like (L. annelus, little ring) body segments separated by septa C. Simplest animals to have three embryonic germ layers, bilateral symmetry, and cephalization

Lumbricus
www.biologyjunction.com

Pseudobiceros
www.rzuser.uni-eidelberg.de/

Ascaris
pediatriaoriente.med.uchile.cl

Embryonic Germ Layers (Early Animal Development)

zygote (undergoes cleavage) blastula (w/ blastocoel, blastopore) gastrula (w/ endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm)
(L. germen, sprout/bud)
endoderm 2, 3 Digestive and respiratory tracts and associated structures

mesoderm
2

ectoderm 2, 3

Skeleton, circulatory system, muscles, excretory system, and most of reproductive system Skin, sense organs, and nervous system
www.bio.miami.edu/dana/pix/gastrulation.jpg

formed in diploblasts; 3 formed in triploblasts

Bilateral Symmetry and Cephalization

content.dodea.edu www.telegraph.co.uk, www.quickmeme.com

[/] complexity [/] degree of cephalization

What is the advantage of cephalization?
cheezburger.com

Body Segmentation

evolution.berkeley.edu

latimesblogs.latimes.com

Feeding
Dugesia

Clockwise, from upper left: www.cabrillo.edu, www.projectnoah.edu, invertebrates.si.edu, Miller and Levine, www.path.cam.ac.uk Eudistylia polymorpha Nereis

Lumbricus terrestris

Match these organisms with their feeding strategy below: A. B. C. D. E. Carnivore External digestion Filter feeder Herbivore/ detritivore Parasite

Schistosoma

Respiration, Circulation, Excretion

Match these pictures with the terms below: closed circulatory system, diffusion through moist skin, flame cells, gills, nephridia, worm castings
Clockwise, from upper left: www.scubadiver.cc, www.cartage.org.lb, www.lawnsmith.co.uk, ridge.icu.ac.jp, www.naturenorth.com, sunburst.usd.edu

Response

Which belongs to whom? o brain, several ganglia and nerve cords, sensory tentacles, chemical receptors, statocysts, eyes o pair of ganglion, ladder-type nerve cords, eyespots, sensory cells (detect chemicals from prey/hosts, direction of water flow, etc.)
bio1152.nicerweb.com, en.wikipedia.org

Movement

Which belongs to whom? o parapodia o muscles for twisting and turning, ventral cilia and mucus for gliding o hydrostatic skeleton + longitudinal and circular muscles
www.pic2fly.com, www.diverosa.com, www.pbs.org

Reproduction
What reproductive strategies do these pictures show?

individual.utoronto.ca, www.interestingfacts.org, workforce.calu.edu. www.rcnl.org

Meet the Flatworms

scolex and proglottids of a tapeworm (class Cestoda)

Dugesia, a planarian (class Turbellaria)

Schistosoma japonicum, the human blood fluke (class Trematoda)

Clockwise, from upper left: www.curezone.us, instruction.cvhs.okstate.edu, www.ohiohealth.com, www2.ttcn.ne.jp, www.harpercollege.edu

Meet the Roundworms

Trichinella in muscle tissue Hookworm

Caenorhabditis elegans

Filarial worms that cause elephantiasis

Ascaris Clockwise, from upper left: www.trichinella.org, scienceblogs.com, www.sflorg.com, www.news-medical.net, workforce.calu.edu, bti.cornell.edu

Meet the Annelids

earthworm (class Oligochaeta)

Top: parapodia with setae Middle and bottom: fireworm and Christmas-tree worm (class Polyhaeta)

leeches (class Hirudinea)

Clockwise, from upper left: www.ahc.gov.au, biology.fullerton.edu, scilib.uesd.edu, www.theoceanadventure.com, research.amnh.org