n'ke% ikB%

nhucU/q% Jhuk;kj%
izLrqr ikB mfM+;k Hkk"kk osQ iz[;kr lkfgR;dkj Jh pUnz'ks[kjnkloekZ }kjk fojfpr ^ik"kk.khdU;k*
dFkklaxzg osQ laLr vuqokn ls ladfyr gSA
blosQ vuqoknd MkW ukjk;.k nk'k gSaA bl dFkk osQ uk;d Jhuk;kj dk ikyu&iks"k.k ,d
vukFkkJe esa gqvk gSA Jhuk;kj us viuh deZn{krk] nkf{k.; vkSj lsokeukso`fk ls lekt esa
vkn'kZ LFkkfir fd;k gSA og izfrekl vius osru dk vk/k ls vf/d Hkkx osQjy esa LFkkfir
vukFkkJe dks Hkstrs gSaA izLrqr dFkk esa Jhuk;kj dk yksddY;k.kdkjh vkn'kZ pfj=k of.kZr gSA

Jhuk;kj% osQUnzloZdkjr% LFkkukUrj.ksu vkxR; vksfM'kkloZdkjL; v/hus izk;%

o"kZ=k;sH;% dk; djksfrA rFkkI;fLeu~ o"kZ=k;kReosQ dky[k.Ms ,dokjefi LojkT;a
osQjya izfr xeuk; bPNka u izdfVroku~ A l LoYiHkk"kh] vrLrL; eu%dFkk
euksO;Fkk ok ckskxE;k ukfLrA lUrqfyrks okkkZyki%] lk{kkRle;s vkxeue~] rr%
lfpdklq euksfuos'k%] dk; lekI; Lox`ga izR;kxeup rL; oSf'k"V~;eklhr~A
rL; deZuiS .q ;a n`"V~ok ,o vksfM'kkloZdkjLra LFkkukUrj.ksu LohR; [kk|kiwfrZfoHkkxs
lfpoins fu;qDroku~ A xrL; o"kZ=k;L; vkdyukr~ Kk;rs ;n~ foHkkxL; dk;ZuiS .q ;a
n'kxq.kS% of/Zre~A [kk|s vifeJ.ka U;wuhHkwre~A vr miHkksDr.kkefi vfHk;ksxks
ukfLr foHkkxL; foi{ksA efU=k.kka e;sfi rL; lq[;kfr% orZrAs
Jhuk;kjL; nkf;Roxzg.kL; ,deklkH;Urjs cgqfnusH;% LFkfxrkuka fofo/
leL;kukefi lekkkua tkre~A Lodk; R;DRok vijL; lgdkjLrL; ije/eZ%A
l% izfrekla izFkefnols LoosruL; v/kZf/oaQ Hkkxa osQjya iz"s k;fr Le df'pr~
lEioZQ%A rsukuqeh;rs rL; jkT;su lg vfLr df'pr~ lEioZQ%A dkfupu
ey;kyeHkk"kk;k% laokni=kkf.k vfrfjP; dnkfi rL; ukEuk fdefi i=kEkkxrfefr
dksfi dnkfi u tkukfrA

nhucU/q% Jhuk;kj%

87

,dfLeu~ fnus Jhuk;kj% i=kesoQa /`Rok eLrdeoue; iBu~ vklhr~A us=krhjkn~

foxfyrk vJq/kjk vknzhd
Z jksfr Le i=kL; v/kZf/oaQ Hkkxe~ A rnkuheso rL;
dk;kZy;fyfid% Jhnkl%izfo'kfrA Jhuk;kj% reqDroku~&v/quk ee xeule;%
leqikxr ,oA ee nkf;RogLrkUrj.ki=kda lTthoqQjQA vge/quk f}=kk.kka fnolkuka
ldkj.kkodk'ka Lohdfj";kfeA iqu% rnuq Lohdfj";kfe nh?kkZodk'ke~ A ;fn
dLeSfpn~ vKkrsu e;k :{kks O;ogkj% iznf'kZr% L;kr~] rnFk rs eeqnkjfpksu
{keka iznkL;fUr bfr losHZ ;ks fuosn;rqA vuUrja losZ vJqyn;S% lkSiLz Fkkfudha
KkfiroUr%A
rL; xeuL; fnol=k;kRija dk;kZy;s i=kesdekxre~A dkSrgw yo'kkr~ Jhnkl%
rRi=keqn?~ kkfVroku~ A ysf[kdk vklhr~ lqJh esjh ;L;k% ik'osZ l% izfreklekkZfkda
kua /ukns'ksu is"z k;fr LeA i=ks ,oa fyf[kreklhr~-----

88

'kk'orh

Jhuk;kj!
Hkxoku~ ;h'kqLro eay
a foruksrq A ee iworZ ua i=ka Ro;k izkIra L;kr~A ro
lehis bna ee 'ks"ki=ke~A ;rks fg ee thouiznhiks fuokZfirks HkforqfePNfrA
izk;Lrokxeule;s vga u LFkkL;kfeA iwoiZ =ks&vgekJeL; loZfo/ek;O;;kdyua
iszf"krorhA dsoya ;h'kks% lehis xeukRiwo ro n'kZufePNkfeA izFkea Ro;k
fufeZrksukFkkJeks/quk egknzeq .s k ifj.kr%A v/quk=k 'krkf/dk vukFkf'k'koks ykfyrk%
ikfyrk'p HkofUr A ro gLr;ksLro vukFkkJea leI;Z vga lkSiLz FkkfudhfePNkfeA
v| lektLRokks cgq fdefi bPNfrA ;kS dkS oka ro firjkS Hkorka uke] rkS
kU;oknkgkSZA dnkfpkkH;ka Roa foLe`r% L;kr~ Roeo';esrku~ f'k'kwu~ laiks";
mkeeuq";ku~ dkjf;";lhfr ee dkeuk orZrAs izHkq% Rok bekesok'kka iks"k;frA
;ks tUe nkoku~] l thforqef/dkjefi nkoku~A Hkxoku~ Roka nh?kZthoua
dkj;rq A bfrAA
ro 'kqHkkdkaf{k.kh
lqJh% esjh

'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
rFkkI;fLeu~
cks/xE;k
euksfuos'k%
izR;kxeue~
deZuSiq.;e~
LohR;
vifeJ.ke~
vuqeh;rs

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

rFkkfi $ vfLeu~] rc Hkh blesaA

cks/us xE;k] cks/ (Kku) osQ }kjk xE;] tkuus ;ksX;A
eul% fuos'k%] "k- rRiq#"k lekl] nkfpk gksukA
izfr $ vk~ $ xe~ $ Y;qV~] okfil ykSVukA
deZlq uSiq.;e~] lIreh rRiq#"k] deks esa fuiq.krk
Loh $ $ Y;i~] Lohdkj djosQ]
feykoV
vuq $ ek $ yV~ izFke iq#"k ,dopu] vuqeku
fd;k tkrk gSA

89

nhucU/q% Jhuk;kj%

U;wuhHkwre~
vfrfjP;
foxfyrk
voue;
nkf;RogLrkUrj.ke~
lTthoqQ#

&
&
&
&
&
&

/ukns'ksu
fuokZfir%
vk;O;;kdyue~
lkSizLFkkfudh
firjkS

&
&
&
&
&

U;wuh $ Hkw $ Dr] de gks x;kA

vfrfjDr
fo $ xy~ $ Dr $ Vki~] fudyh gqbAZ
vo $ ue~ $ Y;i~] >qdkdj
nwljs dks izHkkj gLrxr djkuk
lTt~ $ fPo $ $ yksV~ e;e iq#"k ,dopu]
rS;kj djksA
/uk; vkns'k%] rsu prqFkhZ rRiq#"k] euhvkMZj lsA
fuj~ $ okfi (f.kp~) $ Dr%] 'kkUr
vk; O;; dk fooj.k
fonkbZ
ekrk p firk p (}a} lekl) ekrk vkSj firkA

vH;kl%
1-

laLrHkk"k;k mkjkf.k fy[kr&

(d) Jhuk;kj% oqQ=k xeuk; bPNka u izdfVroku~\
([k) foHkkxL; foi{ks osQ"kke~ vfHk;ksxks ukfLr\
(x) Jhuk;kj% LoosruL; v/kZf/da Hkkxa oqQ=k izs"k;fr Le\
(?k) Jhuk;kjL; us=krhjkn~ foxfyrk vJq/kjk fde~ vdjksr~\
() cgqfnusH;% LFkfxrkuka leL;kuka lek/kua dnk tkre~\
(p) Jhuk;kjL; ik'osZ i=ka d;k izsf"kre~\
(N) vkJes osQ ykfyrk% ikfyrk'p HkofUr\
(t) i=kysf[kdk dL; gLr;ks% vukFkkJea leI;Z lkSizLFkkfudhfePNfr\

90

'kk'orh

2-

lizla fgUnhHkk"k;k O;k[;ka oqQ#r&

(d) miHkksDr.kkefi vfHk;ksxks ukfLr foHkkxL; foi{ks
([k) losZ vJqyn;S% lkSizLFkkfudha KkfiroUr%
(x) Ro;k fufeZrks;a {kqnzksukFkkJeks/quk egknzqes.k ifj.kr%A

3-

v/% leLrinkuka foxzgk% nkk%] rkukfJR; leLrinkfu jp;r leklukekfi fy[kr&

(d) dkyL; [k.M% rfLeu~
--------------------------------([k) deZlq uSiq.;e~
--------------------------------(x) f} p f=k p vu;ks% lekgkj%] rs"kke~
--------------------------------(?k) nh?kZ% vodk'k%] re~
--------------------------------() /uk; vkns'k%] rsu
--------------------------------(p) thouL; iznhi%
---------------------------------

4-

js[kkfrinkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) Jhuk;kj% LoYiHkk"kh vklhr~A
([k) o"kZZ=k;L; vkdyukr~ Kk;rs ;r~ foHkkxL; dk;ZuSiq.;a n'kxq.kS% of/Zre~A
(x) rL; jkT;su lg df'pr~ lEioZQ% ukfLrA
(?k) i=kL; vkkZf/oaQ Hkkxa vJq/kjk vknzhZdjksfr LeA
() Jhnkl% rRi=keqn~?kkfVroku~A
(p) Hkxoku~ Roka nh?kZthoua dkj;rqA

5-

foijhrkFkZdinkfu esy;r&
(d) vkxR;
([k) bPNke~
(x) LoYiHkk"kh
(?k) izkjH;
() vf/dhHkwre~
(p) foi{ks
(N) Le`r%
(t) nh?kZthoue~

(d)
([k)
(x)
(?k)
()
(p)
(N)
(t)

foLe`r%
xRok
U;wuhHkwre~
i{ks
cgqHkk"kh
lekI;
y?kqthoue~
vfuPNke~

91

nhucU/q% Jhuk;kj%

6-

v/ksfyf[krkuka fo'ks";inkuka fo'ks"k.kinkfu ikBkr~ fpRok fy[kr&

okrkZyki%] o"kZ=k;L;] vJq/kjk] leL;kuke~] O;ogkj%] i=ke~] f'k'ko%A

7-

v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq izfrizR;;foHkkxa oqQ#r&

lekI;] tkre~] R;DRok] /`Rok] iBu~] laiks";A

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
1-

23-

4-

izLrqrdFkk;k% ewyys[kd% JhpUnz'ks[kjnkloekZ vksfM;klkfgR;{ks=ks yCkizfr"B% dFkkdkjks orZrAs

vL; tUe 1945 res bZ'koh;laoRljs vHkor~A vL; }kn'kdFkkxzUFkk%] ,d% ukV~;l~xzg%
=k;% leh{kk&xzUFkk'p izdkf'krk% lfUrA ik"kk.khdU;k oksek p JhoeZ.k% izflkS dFkklaxzgkS
Lr%A ^nhucU/q% Jhuk;kj%* bfr dFkk ik"kk.khdU;k bfr dFkklaxzgkr~ ladfyrkA
HkkjrL; izns'kk%& Hkkjro"ksZ v"Vko'kfr&izns'kk% orZUrsA "kV~ osQUnz'kkflrizns'kk% lfUrA
v=kR;k% tuk% fofo/Hkk"kkHkkf"k.k% lfUr%A fgUnhe~ vk~XyHkk"kka p vfrfjP; ey;kye&
rfey&mfM;k&cy
a .kh&dUuM&vlfe;k&itkch Hkk"kk% v=kR;k% tuk%
k&xqtjkrh&ejkBh&dksd
onfUrA
i=kys[kua lkfgR;s izflk fo/k orZrsA
izLrqrikBs lekxra i=ke~ voyksD; Lodh;ku~ fopkjku~ laLrsu fy[krA