Iron Deficiency Anemia

Iron Deficiency Anemia- is a condition in which the total body iron content is decreased below a normal level, affecting hemoglobin synthesis

Diagnostics >CBCs and iron profile- decreased

hemoglobin, hematocrit and serum iron, and ferritin;elevated red cell distribution width and normal or elevated total iron binding capacity > Bone marrow biopsy demonstrates depleted or absent iron stores and reduced production of precursors to RBCs
>Total iron binding capacity may be elevated; serum iron levels are decreased

Pathophysiology

Signs and Symptoms >Brittle nails > swelling or soreness of the tongue >cracks in the side of the mouth > an enlarged spleen > frequent infections >extreme fatigue >pale skin >weakness >shortness of breath >dizziness

Iron levels in the body decreases, transferrin which binds with and transport iron is also depleted Red blood cells (RBCs) the oxygen carrying component of the blood is likewise depleted Decreased levels of hemoglobin in the body.

Nursing Management:
1. 2. Assess for fatigue, activity intolerance, and other sings of impaired tissue oxygenation Promote an adequate intake of iron-rich foods (iron fortified formula and cereals, liver, egg yolk, and organ meats Emphasize to family members or care givers proper administration of oral iron supplements. Give supplements in two or three divided doses in small amount of Vitamin C-containing liquid. (This enhances absorption) Explain the potential adverse effects of iron which includes nausea and vomiting, diarrhea or constipation or black stools and tooth discoloration. Instruct care givers to keep iron supplements out of reach of children since it is toxic when overdosed

3.

Medications:
Fergon Ferrous Sulfate Tandem Niferex

Health Teachings:
1. Educate patient on proper nutrition and good sources of iron: select well balanced diet including animal protein, iron-fortified cereals and bread, green -leafy vegetables, dried fruits. Teach patient about iron supplementation. Encourage follow-up laboratory studies and visits to health care provider. 4.

2. 3.

5.