Biyani's Think Tank

Concept based notes

Education and School Management

(B.Ed. - Paper-II)

Malti Sexana
Lecturer
Deptt. of B. Ed.
Biyani Girls College, Jaipur

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Published by :

Think Tanks
Biyani Group of Colleges

Concept & Copyright :

Biyani Shikshan Samiti

Sector-3, Vidhyadhar Nagar,
Jaipur-302 023 (Rajasthan)
Ph : 0141-2338371, 2338591-95 Fax : 0141-2338007
E-mail : acad@biyanicolleges.org
Website :www.gurukpo.com; www.biyanicolleges.org

First Edition : 2009

While every effort is taken to avoid errors or omissions in this Publication, any
mistake or omission that may have crept in is not intentional. It may be taken note of
that neither the publisher nor the author will be responsible for any damage or loss of
any kind arising to anyone in any manner on account of such errors and omissions.

Leaser Type Setted by :

Biyani College Printing Department

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Preface

am glad to present this book, especially designed to serve the needs

of the students. The book has been written keeping in mind the general
weakness in understanding the fundamental concepts of the topics. The
book is self-explanatory and adopts the Teach Yourself style. It is based on
question-answer pattern. The language of book is quite easy and understandable
based on scientific approach.
Any further improvement in the contents of the book by making corrections,
omission and inclusion is keen to be achieved based on suggestions from the
readers for which the author shall be obliged.
I acknowledge special thanks to Mr. Rajeev Biyani, Chairman & Dr. Sanjay
Biyani, Director (Acad.) Biyani Group of Colleges, who are the backbones and
main concept provider and also have been constant source of motivation
throughout this Endeavour. They played an active role in coordinating the various
stages of this Endeavour and spearheaded the publishing work.
I look forward to receiving valuable suggestions from professors of various
educational institutions, other faculty members and students for improvement of
the quality of the book. The reader may feel free to send in their comments and
suggestions to the under mentioned address.
Author

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v/;k;&1

'kSf{kd izkklu
Educational Administration
iz'u-1- 'kSf{kd iz'kklu dh D;k vo/kkj.kk gS\
What is the concept of Educational Administration?

mkj- 'kSf{kd iz'kklu (Educational Administration) : 'kSf{kd iz'kklu dh mRifk nks 'kCnksa
ls feydj gqbZ gSA izFke *'kSf{kd* vkSj f}rh; *iz'kklu* 'kSf{kd dk lh/kk lEcU/k *f'k{kk
txr ls gS vFkkZr f'k{kk dh ifjHkk"kk] fo'ks"krk,] {ks=] izdkj] izfr] vko';drk]
;kstuk, vkSj ifj;kstuk;sa bR;kfn ds lEcU/k esa 'kSf{kd txr dks tkuk tk ldrk gSA
f}rh; 'kCn *iz'kklu* ls vk'k; ,d ,slh izf;k ls gS] tks mu ms';ksa ds fu/kkZj.k ds
fy, mkjnk;h gksrh gS] ftuds fy, ,d laxBu vkSj blds izcU/k dk iz;kl fd;k tkrk
gS] tks mu foLr`r uhfr;ksa dks fu/kkZj.k djrh gSA ftlds vUrxZr mUgs dk;Z djuk gksrk
gSA tks fu/kkZfjr ms';ksa dh izkfIr esa lEiw.kZ dk;Z lapkyu dh izHkko'khyrk ij ,d
lkekU; utj j[kus dk iz;kl djrh gSA
1- ,y- Mh- OgkbV ds vuqlkj] **fdlh iz;kstu ;k ms'; dh izkfIr ds fy, cgqr ls
euq";ksa dk funsZ'ku] leUo; ,oa fu;U=.k dh dyk gh iz'kklu gSaA**
2- xzkge ckyQksj ds vuqlkj] **'kSf{kd iz'kklu ;ksX; Nk=ksa dks ;ksX; v/;kidksa ds }kjk
jkT; }kjk iznr lalk/kuksa ds vUrxZr ,slh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa f'k{kk dh O;oLFkk djrk
gS] ftuesa os Nk= Lo;a dks feyus okys izf'k{k.k dk ykHk izkIr dj ldsaA**
Educational administration is to enable the pupils to receive the right education,
form the right teacher at a cost within the means of the state under conditions which
will enable the pupils best to profit by their training. - Graham Balfour

3- bulkbZDYkksfifM;k vkWQ ,stwds'kuy fjlpZ ds vuqlkj] **'kSf{kd iz'kklu lEcfU/kr

O;fDr;ksa ds iz;klksa dks ,dhr djus rFkk leqfpr lkexzh dks bl <ax ls iz;ksx
djus dh izf;k gS. ftlls ekuoh; xq.kksa dk fodkl izHkko'kkyh <ax ls fd;k tk
ldsA**
Educational administration is a process of integrating the efforts of personel and of
utilizing appropriate material in such a way as to promote effectively the
development of human qualities. - Encyclopedia of Educational Research

mijksDr ifjHkk"kkvksa ds vk/kkj ij dgk tk ldrk gS fd f'k{kk vkSj iz'kklu esa nks i{kksa
ij fo'ks"k cy fn;k tkrk gS &
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1- HkkSfrd lalk/kuksa dk leqfpr laxBuA

2- ekuoh; lalk/kuksa dk izHkkoh laxBuA
iz'u-2- 'kSf{kd iz'kklu ds fl)kUrksa dk o.kZu dhft,\
Explain the Principle of Educational Administration?

mkj- fdlh dk;Z dks fuf'pr fu;eksa esa ck/kuk fl)kUr dgykrk gSA fl)kUr dk;Z dks
O;kogkfjd :i iznku djrs gSA 'kSf{kd iz'kklu ij gh fo|ky; dh f'k{kk dh lQyrk
fuHkZj jgrh gSA fo|ky; ds leLr dk;kZs dk Bhd izdkj ls lapkyu djus ds fy,
bldh vko';drk iM+rh gS] rFkk ;g dqN fl)kUrksa dk fuekZ.k djrh gSA ftllsa 'kSf{kd
iz'kklu lqO;ofLFkr ,oa fuf'pr y{; dh izkfIr dh vksj lQyrk iwoZd vxzflr gksus esa
l{ke gks ldsaA
'kSf{kd iz'kklu ds eq[; fl)kUr

(Main Principal of Educational Administration) :

1 laLFkk ds y{; ,oa ms'; dks iwoZ fu/kkZfjr dj ysuk pkfg,A

2 laLFkk ds fu/kkZfjr y{; ,oa ms';ksa ds vk/kkj ij laLFkkxr ;kstuk cukuh pkfg;sA
3 'kSf{kd iz'kklu ds laxBu dks izHkkoh <ax ls lapkyu gsrw laxBu ds lHkh ink:<+
ekuoh; lalk/ku ds dkZO; ,oa ftEesnkjh rFkk lkk ,oa 'kfDr dk fu/kkZj.k dj nsuk
pkfg,A
4 'kSf{kd iz'kklu dks fok lEcU/kh vk; ds lzksr ,oa O;; ds ekun.Mksa dks fu/kkZfjr
djus pkfg,A
5 'kSf{kd iz'kklu dks HkkSfrd lalk/kuksa dh miyC/krk ds lzksr iznku djus pkfg,A
6 'kSf{kd iz'kklu dks fu"i{k ,oa dkZO;fu"B usr`Ro iznku djus pkfg,A
7 'kSf{kd iz'kklu ds }kjk laLFkk esa xq.kkRed ,oa la[;kRed ekudksa dk fu/kkZj.k djuk
pkfg,A
8 'kSf{kd iz'kklu esa izksRlkgu ,oa lg;ksx dks /;ku nsuk pkfg,A
9 'kSf{kd iz'kklu esa yphykiu] vuqdwyrk vkSj fLFkjrk gksuh pkfg,A
10 'kSf{kd iz'kklu dks fu/kkZfjr ms';ksa] ekudksa ,oa uhfr;ksa ds vk/kkj ij =Sekfld]
v)Zokf"kZd] okf"kZd ewY;kadu djuk pkfg,A
iz'u-3- 'kSf{kd iz'kklu ds {ks= ,oa dk;kZs dh foospuk dhft,A
Discuss the scope & functions of Educational Administration.

mkj- 'kSf{kd iz'kklu

(Adminstration)

(Educational Administration) : iz'kklu 'kCn vaxzsth 'kCn

dk fgUnh :ikUrj.k gSA ,MfefuLVs'ku 'kCn dh O;qRifk ySfVu 'kCn

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ls gqbZ gSA ftldk vFkZ gksrk gS (to manage) ftldk vk'k; nwljksa dh lsok
esa jr jgus okys O;fDr ls gksrk gS tks vius v/khuLFkksa dh lsok djrk gS] ogh iz'kklu
dgykrk gSA
1- QkWDl oht vkSj jQuj ds vuqlkj] **'kSf{kd iz'kklu lsok dk ,d ,slk ek/;e gS]
ftlds }kjk 'kSf{kd izf;k dks izHkkoh rfjds ls vuqHko djk ldrs gSA**
(Minister)

Educational administration is a service activity throught which the objective of the

educational procers may be effectively realized. Fox wish & Ruffner

2- tSl ch- lh;jl~ ds vuqlkj] **'kSf{kd iz'kklu eas og vkrk gS] ftllsa gekjk rkRi;Z
ljdkj ls gksrk gS vkSj bldk ?kfu"B lEcU/k dqN 'kCnksa esa v/kh{k.k] i;Zos{k.k]
;kstuk] n`f"V] funZs'ku] laxBu] fu;U=.k ,oa dkuwu ls gksrk gSA**
'kSf{kd iz'kklu dk {ks= (Scope of Educationa Administration)
ekud lajpuk
fo|kFkhZ
O;fDr
fok
ikB~;e
(Legal Structure)
(Pupils)
(Person)
(Finance)
(Syllabus)
1- ekud lajpuk (Legal Structure) : f'k{kk iz'kklu ds }kjk 'kSf{kd laLFkkuksa dh
'kfDr;k] fu;e] dk;ns] dkuwu vkfn cukus gksrs gSA laxBukRed ,oa iz'kklfud
lajpuk ds fuekZ.k gsrq dkuwuh lajpuk vko';d gksrh gSaA
2- fo|kFkhZ (Pupils) : 'kSf{kd iz'kklu esa fo|kFkhZ dsUnqfcUnq gksrk gSA 'kSf{kd izf;k ,oa
rF; muds fy, gksrs gSA vr% lekt dh ekax ds vuqlkj :fp] vko';drk ,oa
{kerk ds vuqlkj O;fDrxr ,oa lkekftd ms';ksa dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k tkrk gSA mUgha
ds vuqlkj fo|kFkhZ ds fy, ;kstuk, cukbZ tkrh gSA
3- O;fDr deZpkjh (Person) : 'kSf{kd iz'kklu ds vUrxZr f'k{kk ds fodkl gsrq ekuo

'kfDr gh vk/kkj ekuh xbZ gSA f'k{kdksa dk p;u djuk] mudksa izf'k{k.k nsuk] lsok
iznku djuk] osrueku dh lqfo/kk nsuk rFkk le;&le; ij mudk funZs'ku o
Ik;Zos{k.k tSls dk;kZs dks 'kSf{kd iz'kklu }kjk gh fd;k tkrk gSA
4- fok (Finance) : vk; o O;; dk js[kadu ,oa ys[kk izf'k{k.k ls lEcfU/kr lHkh dk;Z

fd, tkrs gSA tSls Qhl dk fu/kkZj.k] dj yxkuk] iqLrdky; 'kqYd vkfn fofHkUu
'kqYdksa dk fu/kkZj.k dk;Z fd;k tkrk gSA
5- ikB~;e (Syllabus) : fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh :fp ,oa ms';ksa ds vuqlkj 'kSf{kd iz'kklu

fnu&izfrfnu ikB~;e dh leL;k dk lek/kku djrk gSA lkekftd rFkk oSKkfud

rduhdh ifjorZu dks ns[krs gq, ikB~;e dk pquko fd;k tkrk gSA lkFk gh mlds
vuqlkj ikB~;iqLrdksa dk Hkh pquko fd;k tkrk gSA
'kSf{kd iz'kklu ds dk;Z

(Functions of Educational Administration) :

1- fu.kZ; ysuk (Decision Making) : leL;k dh izfr ,oa ifjfLFkfr ds vk/kkj ij

fu.kZ;ksa ds fuEufyf[kr izdkj gks ldrs gS &
1 nSfud lkekU; fu.kZ;

(Daily Routine Decisions)

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2 uhfrxr fu.kZ;

(Policy Decisions)

3 oS;fDrd fu.kZ;

(Personal or Individual Decisions)

4 lkewfgd fu.kZ;

(Group or Collective Decisions)

2- vk;kstu djuk (Planning) : ms'; dks f;k esa ifjofrZr djus ds fy, fu;kstu
vko';d gSA fu;kstu fofHkUu fodYiksa esa ls lgh dk;Z dk pquko gSA ;g le;]
iz;kl ,oa /ku dh cpr djrh gS rFkk izHkkforrk ,oa dq'kyrk c<+krh gSA vr%
fu;kstu iz'kklfud izf;k dk ewyHkwr vk/kkj gS rFkk laxBu esa ;g thoUr dne
gSA vesfjdu fo|ky; iz'kklu laxBu rFkk bfy;V ,oa estj us ;kstuk izf;k ds
vUrxZr fuEu ckrksa dk mYys[k fd;k gS &
1 'kSf{kd vko';drkvksa ds vk/kkj ij lkdf;d ms'; fooj.kA
2 ,d fuf'pr leqnk; esa f'k{kk dh orZeku fLFkfr dk fu/kkZj.kA
3 fo|ky;ksa ds fy, ms';ksa ds vuq:i dk;Ze r; djukA
4 ;kstuk dks f;kfUor djukA
5 dk;Ze dh izHkko'khyrk dk fu;fer :i ls ewY;kadu djukA
6 ewY;kadu ds vk/kkj ij vko';d {ks= esa iqu% ;kstuk rS;kj djukA
3- laxBu djuk (Organising) : tkWu okYVj ds vuqlkj] **laxBu esa dk;Z djus okys
lHkh O;fDr vke ms'; dh izkfIr ds fy, dk;Z djrs gSA**
xzsax ds vuqlkj] ** laxBu dk vfHkizsr gS leku y{; dh iwfrZ gsrw laxfBr O;fDr;ksa
ds lewg dh lefUor f;k,A**
laxBu nks izdkj dk gksrk gS &
1- vkSipkfjd laxBu : vkSipkfjd laxBu ds fy, ms'; vko';d gS rFkk fofo/k
Lrjksa dk fuekZ.k Hkh vko';d gSA tSls&tSls laxBu cM+k gksrk gS] blds leUo;
,oa lapkyu dh leL;k,sa tfVy gksrh tkrh gSA
2- vukSipkfjd laxBu : vukSipkfjd laxBu ijLij lEcU/kksa ij vk/kkfjr gksrk gS]
rFkk le;&le; ij feyrs jgus ls ;s vf/kd lqn`<+ gksrk gSA ;g lg;ksx]
lkewfgd vknku&iznku] lkekftd ladsr] ijEijk,sa vkSj O;ogkj ij vk/kkfjr gSSA
4- dk;Z djuk (Operating) : bldk rkRi;Z gS ;kstukvks dks O;kogkfjd ,oa ewrZ :i esa
f;kfUor djukA bl in dks ykxw djrs gq, iz'kklu rhu egoiw.kZ dk;Z djrk gSA
1 funsZ'ku djuk
2 vkns'k nsuk
3 ekxZ n'kZu

(Direction)

(To Order)
(Guidence & Training)

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4 fujh{k.k djuk

(To Supervise)

5 vfHkizsfjr djuk
6 leUo;u

(To Motivate)

(Coordination)

5- ewY;kadu djuk (Evalnating) : fdlh Hkh laxBu ds fy, fu;fer ewY;kadu vko';d
gSA leqfpr] oS/k ,oa fo'oluh; ewY;kadu fof/k fdlh Hkh laxBu dk lqn`<+ vk/kkj gS
ftl ij laxBu dk Hkkoh fodkl fuHkZj djrk gSA
ewY;kadu dh izf;k esa feyj ,oa LikfYaMx us fuEufyf[kr dne izLrkfor fd;s gSa&
1 ewY;kadu dh tkus okyh lexz fLFkfr dk p;u ,oa ifjHkk"khdj.kA
2 ewY;kadu ds fy, ekin.M dk fodkl] rnuqlkj ewY;kadu ds midj.kksa dk
fodklA
3 ekun.Mksa ds vk/kkj ij nkks dk laxzgA
4 nkksa dk fo'ys"k.k ,oa fu"d"kZA
ewY;kadu ds fl)kUr

(Principles of Evaluation) :

1 ewY;kadu Li"V 'kSf{kd ms';ksa ds vk/kkj ij gksuk pkfg,A

2 ewY;kadu fujUrj gksuk pkfg,A
3 ewY;kadu lg;ksxh gksuk pkfg,A
4 ewY;kadu oS/k gksuk pkfg,] ftlesa Li"V ms';] fo'oluh; nkksa dk laxzg gksuk
pkfg,A
5 ;g fdlh ekud ds vk/kkj ij gksuk pkfg,A

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v/;k;&2

'kSf{kd izcU/k
Educational Management
iz'u-1- 'kSf{kd izcU/k D;ksa vko';d gS\ Li"V djsaA
Why Educational Management is essential? Define it.

mkj- 'kSf{kd izcU/k ,d egRoiw.kZ izR;; gSA bldh vko';drk ,oa egRo dks bl izdkj le>
ldrs gSa &
1. fu;ksftr fodkl }kj fu/kkZfjr ms';ksa dh izkfIr gsrq (To achieve predetermined
aims through planned development) : 'kSf{kd izcU/ku dk y{; 'kSf{kd ms';ksa
dh izkfIr gksrk gSA blds fy, og fu;kstu lapkyu] leUo;] fu;U=.k bR;kfn dk;Z
djrs gq, iz;kl djrk gSA vr% O;kogkfjd ,oa mi;ksxh ;kstukvksa }kjk 'kSf{kd
izcU/ku fu;ksftr fodkl }kjk ms';ksa dh izkfIr djrk gSA
2.

'kSf{kd mRiknu dh xq.kokk esa o`f) djus gsrq (To enhance the quality of
educational product) : fu;ksftr fodkl ds }kjk gh 'kSf{kd mRiknu dh xq.kokk
esa o`f) dh tk ldrh gS rFkk ;g nkf;Ro 'kSf{kd izcU/ku ij vkrk gS fd og
miyC/k ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa] lqfu;ksftr rjhds viukdj 'kSf{kd mRiknu dh xq.kokk
c<+kus dk iz;kl djsaA

3.

vk/kqfud] oSKkfud ,oa rduhdh vkfo"dkjksa dk ykHk mBkusa gsrq (To take
advantage of modern, scientific and technical inventions) : f'k{kk ds ms';ksa
dks izHkko'kkyh <ax ls izkIr djus gsrq rduhdh dk iz;ksx 'kSf{kd ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa
fd;k tkuk vko';d gSA f'k{k.k rduhdh] lwpuk rduhdh o iz.kkyh fo'ys"k.k vkfn
ds mi;ksx ls f'k{k.k izf;k dks jkspd ,oa vkd"kZd cuk;k tk ldrk gSA 'kSf{kd
izcU/ku dk ;g nkf;Ro gS fd og rduhdh iz;ksx ,oa n{krk mRiUu djus dk iz;kl
djsaA

4.

U;wure iz;Rukasa o lalk/kuks }kjk vf/kdre ifj.kkeksa dh izkfIr gsrq (To achieve
maximum result with minimum effects and resources) : izcU/ku ,d ,slh
'kfDr o lk/ku gS ftlds }kjk le;] /ku o Je dk mi;ksx djds vf/kdre
miyfC/k;k vftZr dh tk ldrh gSaA lk/kuksa ds izHkkoiw.kZ o ferO;;rkiw.kZ iz;ksx
}kjk okafNr y{;ksa dks izkIr dj ikus esa lQyrk izkIr djuk ,d pqukSrhiw.kZ nkf;Ro
gSA

5.

fofHkUu dkjdksa esa leUo; ds fy, (For coordination among different factors) :
fdlh Hkh fu/kkZfjr y{; dh izkfIr esa ;fn ,d ls vf/kd dkjd lfEefyr gksrs gS] rks
mu lHkh dkjdksa esa ijLij rkyesy t:jh gks tkrk gSA f'k{kk rks ,d ,slk lkeqfgd
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iz;kl gS] tks vusdkusd dkjdksa ls izHkkfor gksrk gSA ekuoh; dkjdksa esa leUo; u
gks rks f'k{kk ds ms'; izkIr gksuk gh vlEHko gSA izcU/ku }kjk bu lHkh ij leqfpr
/;ku fn;k tkrk gSA
6.

ekuoh; lalk/kuksa dk fodkl djus ds fy, (To develop the human resources) :
izcU/ku dh lHkh f;k, ekuoh; O;ogkj ls gh fdlh u fdlh :i ls lEcfU/kr
gksrh gSA dq'ky izcU/kd fu/kkZfjr y{;ksa dh izkfIr ds fy, ;ksX; O;fDr;ksa dk p;u
djrs gS] mUgsa mfpr izf'k{k.k iznku djrs gSA mudh O;fDrxr {kerk dks igpku dj
mUgsa dk;Z vkoaVu djrs gSA mudh leL;kvksa dk fujkdj.k djrs gS rFkk muds
fodkl ds volj o izsj.kk iznku djrs gSA

iz'u-2- 'kSf{kd iz'kklu ,oa 'kSf{kd izcU/ku esa D;k vUrj gS\
What is the difference between Educational Administration and Educational
Management?

mkj'kSf{kd iz'kklu

'kSf{kd izcU/ku

(Education Administration)

(Education Management)

1 bldk vFkZ ekuoh; rFkk HkkSfrd lalk/kuksa

}kjk 'kSf{kd dk;kZsa dks dk;Z :i nsus ls
gSA
2 ;g ,d 'kSf{kd izf;k gS tks 'kSf{kd
izcU/k dh f;kvksa dks funZsf'kr rFkk
fu;fU=r djrh gSA
3 bldk Lo:i jpukRed gksrk gSA
4 ;g LFkwy gksrk gSA
5 blds rRo fu;kstu] laxBu] leUo;]
funsZ'ku o ewY;kadu gSA
6 ;g O;kogkfjd foKku gSA
7 ;g 'kSf{kd ms';ksa dh f;kfUofr dk
lk/ku gSA
8 ;g izxfr'khy izf;k gSA

bldk vFkZ mlds ekuoh; rFkk

HkkSfrd lalk/kuks ds O;ofLFkr <kps dks
rS;kj djus ls gSaA
;g fdlh ms'; dh izkfIr ds fy,
euq"; dk lewg gksrk gSA
bldk Lo:i lS)kfUrd gksrk gSA
;g lw{e gksrk gSaA
;g 'kSf{kd iz'kklu dh ,d iz.kkyh
i)fr gSA
;g lS)kfUrd foKku gSA
;g ms'; dh iwfrZ dk izeq[k lk/ku
gSA
;g ifjorZu'khy izf;k gSA

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v/;k;&3

izR;k;kstu
Delegation
iz'u-1- izR;k;kstu ds rhu rRo Li"V dhft,A iz'kklu esa blds ykHk crkb;sA
Explain the three elements of Delegation. Discuss its advantages in
Administration.

mkj- izR;k;kstu ds rRo

(Elements of Delegation) :

1- dk;ZHkkj lkSaiuk : blesa izR;k;kstudrkZ ;g fuf'pr djrk gSa fd og dkSulsa dk;Z

Lo;a djsxk vkSj dkSulsa dk;Z og vU; O;fDr;ksa dks lkSaixkA dk;ZHkkj lkSairs le;
og mlds mkjnkf;Ro ,oa v/khuLFkksa dh ;ksX;rkvksa vkfn dks /;ku esa j[krk gSaA
2- vf/kdkj iznku djuk : v/khuLFkksa dks dk;ZHkkj lkSaius ds i'pkr~ mu dk;ksZ dks djus
ds fy, mUgsa vko';d vf/kdkj Hkh iznku fd;s tkrs gSA mPp vf/kdkjh }kjk ;gk
v/khuLFkksa dks os lHkh vf/kdkj lkSai fn, tkus pkfg, ftudh vko';drk v/khuLFkksa
dks gksrh gSA
3- mkjnkf;Ro dk fu/kkZj.k : laxBu esa v/khuLFkksa dks dk;ksZ ,oa vf/kdkjksa ds
izR;k;kstu djus ls gh Js"B fu"iknu dh vk'kk ugha dh tk ldrh gSA vf/kdkj
iznku djus ds lkFk&lkFk O;fDrxr mkjnkf;Roksa dk Hkh fu/kkZj.k fd;k tkuk
vko';d gksrk gSA dk;kZs ds lEcU/k esa vf/kd mkjnkf;Ro rks mPp vf/kdkjh dk gh
gksrk gSA
izR;k;kstu ds ykHk (Advantage of Delegation) :
1- mPp vf/kdkjh ds dk;ZHkkj esa dehA
2- izcU/k dh dk;Z dq'kyrk esa o`f)A
3- v/khuLFkksa dks mRizsj.kkA
4- v/khuLFkksa dh ;ksX;rk esa o`f)A
5- eukscy esa o`f)A
6- 'kh?kzrkiwoZd dk;Z lEiUu gksukA
7- izHkkoh fu;U=.kA
8- ekuoh; lhekvksa dk iwjdA

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v/;k;&4

'kSf{kd funsZku
Educational Direction

iz'u-1- 'kSf{kd funsZ'ku dk vFkZ le>kb;sA

Explain the meaning of Educational Direction.

mkj- funsZ'ku dk vFkZ (Meaning of Direction) : funsZ'ku izcU/k dk ,d egRoiw.kZ dk;Z gS

ftldk izeq[k ms'; nwljs O;fDr;ksa ls mie ds ms';ksa dh izkfIr ds fy, dk;Z djkuk
gSA vr% funsZ'ku esa v/khuLFkksa dks vkns'k nsus] mUgsa esgur ls dk;Z djus dks mRizsfjr
djus] dq'ky usr`Ro iznku djus rFkk lEizs"k.k ds dk;Z lfEefyr fd;s tk ldrs gSA ;g
laLFkk dks xfr iznku djrk gS vkSj ;kstukvksa dks okLrfodrk esa ifjofrZr djrk gSA
'kSf{kd funsZ'ku dh ifjHkk"kk,

(Definitions of Educational Direction) :

1- dkVZj oh- xqM ds vuqlkj] **'kSf{kd funZs'ku fl)kUr :i ls fo|ky;] dkslZ]

ikB~;e ,oa fo|ky;h thou ls lEcfU/kr fo"k;ksa ls tqM+k gS] u fd O;olk; ;k
O;fDrxr fo"k;ksa lsA **
Educational direction is concerned principally with maters relating to school,
courses, curriculums and school life rather than vocational, social or personal
matters. - Karter V. Gud

2- czsoj ds vuqlkj] **'kSf{kd funsZ'ku O;fDr dh cqf) dh o`f) ds fy, iznku dh tkus
okyh lgk;rk gsrq psruko'k fd;k x;k iz;kl gSA **
Educational direction may be defined as a conscious effort to assist in the
intellectual growth of an individual. - Braver

'kSf{kd funsZ'ku dh fo'ks"krk,

(Characteristics of Educational Direction) :

1- 'kSf{kd funsZ'ku thou i;ZUr pyus okyh izf;k gSA ftlds ek/;e ls og vf/kd
ltx] lf;] lUrqfyr ,oa lkekU; rFkk fof'k"V lsok dk volj iznku djrk gSA
2- 'kSf{kd funZs'ku ckyd dks LofunsZ'k nsrk gSa rkfd og viuh vkUrfjd 'kfDr;ksa ,oa
y{;ksa dks tku lds rFkk Lo;a fu.kZ; ys ldsAa
3- 'kSf{kd funZs'ku ckyd dks vius i;kZoj.k ds lkFk&lkFk lek;kstu djus dh
lgk;rk Hkh iznku djrk gSA
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4- 'kSf{kd funsZ'ku fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds dY;k.k ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA

v/;k;&5

lEizs"k.k
Communication
iz'u-1- lEizs"k.k D;k gS\ blds rRo dkSuls gS\
What is Communication? What are its Elements?

mkj- lEizs"k.k dks lapkj Hkh dgk tkrk gSA lEisz"k.k ds ewy esas ;g vFkZ fufgr gS fd O;fDr
leL;kvksa ij ijLij feytqy dj fopkj djsa vkSj ,d nwljs ds fopkjksa dks le>dj
lkeUtL;iw.kZ <ax ls vius dkZO;ksa dk fuokZg djsaA
iz'kklfud {ks= esa lEizs"k.k og f;k gS ftlds }kjk ,d O;fDr nwljs O;fDr rd vius
fopkjksa dk gLrkUrj.k djus dk iz;kl djrk gSA
lEizs"k.k dk vFkZ ,oa ifjHkk"kk, (Meaning and Definitions of Communication ) :
lEizs"k.k nks 'kCnksa ds ;ksx ls fufeZr gS& *le~ $ izs"k.k*A le~ milxZ ,oa isz"k~ /kkrq ls
*lEizs"k.k* 'kCn fu"iUu gSA le~ milxZ dk vFkZ gS] iw.kZrk ;k vPNkbZA izs"k~ dk vFkZ gS
*Hkstuk* ,oa izs"k.k dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gS& **og oLrq tks dgha ls fdlh ds ikl Hksth tk,A
blh izdkj lEizs"k.k dk vFkZ gS lwpuk nsus dk vf/kdkjA
lk/kkj.k 'kCnksa esa lUns'kokgu lEizs"k.k dk vk'k; lwpuk ;k lEefr ds fyf[kr ;k
ekSf[kd vknku&iznku ls gSA nks ;k nks ls vf/kd O;fDr;ksa esa rF;ksas] fopkjksa] vuqekuksa ;k
laosxksa ds ijLij vknku&iznku dks lEizs"k.k dgrs gSA
ifjHkk"kk, (Definitions) :
1- dhFk Msfol ds vuqlkj] **lEizs"k.k og izf;k gS ftlesa lUnsk ,oa le> dks ,d
O;fDr ls nwljs O;fDr rd igqpk;k tkrk gSaA**
Communication is a process of paring information and understanding form one
person to another. Keith Davis

2- U;wesu rFkk lej ds vuqlkj] **lEizs"k.k nks ;k nks ls vf/kd O;fDr;ksa ds e/; rF;ksa]
fopkjksa] lEefr;ksa vFkok Hkkoukvksa dk fofues; gSaA**
Communication is exchange of facts, ideas, opinions, or emotions by two or more
person. Newman and Cummar

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3- ,Q- th- es;j ds vuqlkj] **ekuoh; fopkjksa rFkk lEefr;ksa dk 'kCnksa] i=ksa ,oa
lUnskksa ds ek/;e ls vknku iznku gh lEizs"k.k gSaA**
Communication is the intercourse by words, letters, symbols or message and as a
way one member shares meaning and understanding with other.
F. G. Mayer

lEizs"k.k ds rRo %
1- lwpuk lzksr (Source of Information)
2- lEizs"k.k lkexzh (Contents of Communication)
3- lEizs"k.k ek/;e (Media of Communication)
4- lEizs"k.k izk:i (Structure of Communication)
5- xzg.k drkZ (Receiver)
6- vuqf;k (Responce)
xzg.kdrkZ

lEizs"k.k lkexzh

lEizs"k.k ek/;ee

lEizs"k.k izk:i

lwpuk lzksr

Send your requisition at

info@biyanicolleges.org

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