NGN Next Generation Networks Overview

NEXT GENERATION NETWORKS (NGN)
Content Development Team:

The contents of this course are developed by the following Instructors:
Mr. Syed Irfan Sohail Dr. Mustafa Shakir Mr. Muhammad Siddique Mr. Sajjid-ur-Rehman Mr. Qasim Mansoor Jilali Mr. Farrukh S. Babar Mr. Irfan Khalid Mr. Muhammad Hussain Mr. Shahab Ahmad Niazi Mr. M. Asharf Javed Mr. Kashif Jamil Mr. Salahuddin
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Course Objectives:
At the end of this course the participants are expected to:
Identify differences in legacy networks & Next Generation Networks Describe NGN Architecture and NGN Services Describe NGN Signaling protocols and their workings Identify media gateways and their connectivity Describe current and future NGN trends regarding Multimedia Services
Traditional Networks and their Services
Traditional networks Services

Voice Services:
Basic telephony ISDN (Digital services) Mobile Telephony
Video Services:
Video telephony Cable TV Video On Demand
Data Services:
Site-to Site Connectivity Internet Access
Legacy/Traditional Networks
Traditional circuit switches: -Meant for voice services
-Connectivity & switching -Short Holding time
Circuit switches for Data Calls: -Internet calls -Longer Holding time -Less bandwidth and less revenue
Focus shifted from basic telephony and supplementary to Multimedia Services for users from any place and at any time
Traditional networks Services
Services Transport & Access
Advantage: Beneficial as a standalone systems and solutions Disadvantage: High operational cost Slow to deploy Different devices are required for different services
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Traditional PSTN Voice networks
Access n/w
Switches
Access n/w
PSTN designed for POTS, basic copper wire line voice service
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Traditional Data networks
Head Office Frame Relay ATM IP
Branch Office
Virtual Connections
Branch Office
Branch Office
Public Data Networks: Providing data/LAN Connectivity

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Traditional Mobile networks
OMC
HLR
MSC
Fixed Network
VL R
BSC
GMSC
BTSs
Public Land Mobile Network: Providing voice services to mobile and Fixed networks
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Traditional Internet network

Servers
Internet: Data services exclusively, packet switched network with some other services
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Complicated Legacy Traditional Network
MSC2 MSC3
Slower deployment of new service
High CAPEX
MSC1 MSC5 MSC4 MSC6 MSC.. MSC7 MSC8
More complicated networking and construction
High OPEX
Need more investment on sites and accessories Need more staff for O&M
Too many sites!
Need more transmissions for inter-connecting Need more time for service deployment and O&M
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Telecom Service Requirements and Future Trends

2002-2007
Voice
SMS 5%
SMS MMS
Voice 95%
Info Services + surf
Location Services
Transactions
Business Data
Voice 58%
Machine to Machine
Multi Media
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Future Trends
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Future Trends
1990
Simple
1995
2000
Multi-service Multi-protocol
2005
2010
Integration
All in IP evolution Circuit switching-packet switching-All in IP 3GPP R5-R6, 3GPP2 Phase0-Phase3
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NGN Evolution & its Overview
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New services evolution
Desire for a new platform:

User requirements increasedmore bandwidth Technology growthintelligent nodes, switches Fast & reliable exchange of informationhigh transmission speed
Arrival of new Telecom services, fast packet switching and enhanced VVD laid the foundation of a New Generation of Networks or NGN for new generation of services
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What is NGN?
NGN is Voice Over IP, bypassing the regular switches to save the investment on Switches and Trunks. NGN is network convergent technology, combining wireline (PSTN), wireless (GSM, CDMA and 3G) and packet data network together, for integrated voice, data and multimedia services. NGN is a flat telephone network over Packet Data Network, instead of traditional Hierarchy structured telephone network with reduced investment.
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Why NGN
Increased demand for bandwidth is not possible through existing PSTN. Requirement for new services. Telecom operators wants to reduce the OPEX and CAPEX (Need one common network for all services). Future proof network to handle Voice, Data and Multimedia. Optimising and simplifying transmission links.
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NGN - Drivers
Demands for new services competition
Operation Cost
Cope with IP & mobile environment
Next Generation Networks
QoS configurability & verification
Diversity in Technologies
Meet capacity On-demand request
Rapid introduction of new technology Voice/Data and wire/wireless integrated management Interoperability: Multi-vendor equipment
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Legacy Networks & NGN

VOICE
VOICE
DATA
VIDEO
SERVICE
Legacy Networks were dedicated and isolated networks with service specific signaling and routing for service connection Limited Broadband and Multimedia services High OPEX High Service cost Long Service provision time Inefficient O&M Too many sites, too many types of nodes Outdated and aged Exchanges
ACCESS ACCESS ACCESS
PSTN
GSM/CDMA
Public Data network CATV
VOICE
NGN Core Network
SERVICE SERVICE
data
IP/MPLS Multi-Service Bearer

data
VIDEO
Copper
Optical
Wireless
NGN has a common IP core and provide nomadically accessible IP applications regardless of a specific access link or user device Provide integrated services instead of limited service Centralized management and simple network structure, reduce OPEX OPEX Saving from reduction of transmission, room space, O&M center, etc. Realize the fast and cost effective new service deployment. Pave the way to all-IP network
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Voice and Data Networks
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Centralized vs Distributed Architecture

Centralized Model
Charging
O&M
Distributed Model
O&M
Application Servers
Charging
Basic & Supplementary Telephony services
SoftSwitch
H.248/MGCP T D M T D M IP H.323/SIP T D M MG IP Phone
Call Control
POTS Phone
Time Slot Switching

Line Card Trunk Card
IP
Packet Network
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Harmonization thru Standardization
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Characteristics of NGN
Packet-based transfer
Separation of control functions among bearer capabilities, call/session, and application/ service Decoupling of service provision from network, and provision of open interfaces Support for a wide range of services and applications Broadband capabilities with end-to-end QoS
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Characteristics of NGN

Interworking with legacy networks via open interfaces Generalized mobility Unrestricted access by users to different service providers Converged services between Fixed/Mobile Compliant with all Regulatory requirements, for example concerning emergency communications and security/privacy, etc
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NGN Solution Benefits

Structured network architecture, smooth evolution, variety of services available Rapid Service provisioning Cost-effective multi-service access One IP based multi-service bearer network Retain/expand customer base and ARPU (Average Revenue Per User) increase
FMC-Fixed Mobile Convergence Synergy

IMS Ready
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NGN Solution Benefits

OPEX Savings
Reduction in number transmission links of Switching nodes and Replacement of obsolescent equipment with new generation IP Solutions Lower OPEX for new NGN nodes: easier network reengineering, less power consumption, less space needed
CAPEX Savings
Pay as you grow for Network expansion
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Contrast between PSTN and NGN

Intelligent Service Server
SoftSwitch
CPU
Service Server
Switching Array
IP Core
Signaling Module SS7 Signaling Gateway
Trunk Module
User Access Module
Trunk Gateway
Trunk Gateway Trunk Gateway
User Access Gateway 29
Evolution from PSTN to NGN

Soft switch Tandem /toll exchange Packet core network Call control Core switch Trunk gateway LE LE
IN
NMS
App Server
Policy Service
Soft switch
ISUP SG
STP
Soft switch
Packet core network

TMG WMG (Wireless Media Gateway) AMG IAD PC Phone
switch
PSTN
SIP H.323 Phone Phone
PLMN
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PSTN Transit Office Optimization & Reconstruction Solution PSTN

Gateway
Toll Operation Office System SCP
NGN
APP server NMS
Billing & Customer Care
Softswitch
iHLR
FE/GE
E1/SDH/SONET
MS Transit Office 1 MS Transit Office 2
IP Network
FE/GE FE/GE
Media gateay
Twistedpair Cable
Transit Office to beReconstructed

Media Gateway
LS
Tandem Office to be-Reconstructed L S

OLT
V5.2
LS
E1
LS
E1
LS
AN or Remote Unit
ONU Optical ONU Transmission ONU
MSAN
AN
OLT
ONU OpticalONU Transmission ONU
Remote Module
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PSTN End-Office Optimization and Reconstruction Solution PSTN

Gateway Toll Office
NGN
SS
APP
NMS
iHLR
OS
SCP
Billing & Customer Care
MSG7200 TG MSG 9000
FE/GE
Tandem Office
E1/SDH/SONET
SG7200 SG
FE/GE
Data Network
FE/GE Media Gateway
LE
LE
E1/SDH/SONET Reconstructe d End Office V5.2

OLT ONU AN ONU ONU Twisted-pair Cable OLT ONU MSANONU ONU
E1/MSTP/Build-in V5.2 PDH/Build-in SDH
AN or Remote Unit
Remote Module
Twisted-pair Cable
Twisted-pair Cable Twisted-pair Cable DSLSubscriber
End Office to beReconstructed
Subscriber
ISDN Subscriber
ISDN Subscriber
DSL Subscriber
DSL Subscriber
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NGN Architecture/Layer description and NGN Trends
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NGN Architecture
Characteristics of Next Generation Network:
NGN is designed with an open network framework. NGN adopts the hierarchical architecture, which is divided into media access layer, transport layer, control layer and service/application layer. NGN is based on standard protocols and packet switching network.
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NGN Hierarchical Architecture

Service/Application Layer Service Management
Control Layer
Network Control Transport Layer Core Switch
Edge Access
Media Access Layer
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Access Layer
Interworks between Core Packet Transport layer and various existing communication networks. Provides access of various communication terminals such as analog phone, SIP Phone, PC Phone visual terminal and intelligent terminals to the Core Packet Transport layer via various access gateways
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Core Transport Layer
The packet switching network composed of backbone transmission equipments such as IP router or broadband ATM switch as the bearer basis of the softswitch system.
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NGN Control Layer

The control Layer combines the equipment
that manages signaling and call control progress. The control handles the call setup and controls the media gateways.
Major components at this layer are the softswitches.

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Application Layer
Layer with various applications and services such as client oriented integrated intelligent services and service customization.
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NGN Network Architecture

Service Management
iOSS Policy Application Location Server Server Server RADIUS Server MRS SCP
Network Control
Soft Switch
Soft Switch
Core Switching
Packet Core Network
Edge Access
IAD AMG BroadBand Access
SG
TMG
PSTN
UMG
UMG PLMN/3G
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Huawei U-SYS Network Architecture

Service Layer
iManager OSS Location N2000 Server Policy ENIP Server
IN
MRS6100
Control Layer
SoftX3000 SoftX3000
Core Switch Layer

IAD AMG5000 Broadband Access
IP Core
SG7000 UMG8900
Video GW
UMG8900
3G Access
Access Layer
PSTN
UMG8900
PLMN
STP
switch
PSTN
SIP/H.323 U-Path Open Eye Phone
2G 3G Terminal Terminal
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ZTE NGN Architecture

ZXUP10 APP Service
SCP
Router Server
ZXSS10 SS1
AAA Server
Application Server
ZXSS10 SS1
Policy Server
Control
Softswitch
Softswitch
IP Router/ATM switch Core Transport

ZXSS10 S100 ZXSS10 M100
Core Packet Network

ZXSS10 A200 ZXSS10 IAD Series
Access
SG
TG
NAS
H323 GW
AG
IP PBX
MSAG
IAD
WAG
SS7 Network
PSTN/ISDN
Broadband Access
Wireless
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PSTN Access
Softswitch APP NMS
IP Core
SG
TG
PSTN
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PSTN-IP Toll Traffic Splitting Solution

Softswitch Control Device
SIP-T FE/GE
IP Bearer Network
Control Stream Media Stream
IP Connection TDM Connection
Signalling Gateway
FE/GE
TDM Bearer Network
FE/GE
SG
Signaling gateway
SG TS TG
HSTP
TS
TG
CityA PSTN
MS
LSTP LSTP
MS
CityB PSTN
LS
LS
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Next Generation Network -Future

Convergence Broadband
ENIP
NMS
APP Server 3rd Party
Intelligence
Softswitch
Signaling GW SS7/TDM Resource Manager Multi Service Edge Route
User Profile Center

Resource Manager Multi Service Edge Route
PSTN
SS7/V5.2/TDM Media GW
IP Core Network
Metro Optical Backhaul
MSAN
XDSL/LAN/POTS
AP
LAN IAD AP
IPTV SipPhone Internet
POTS Softphone
POTS
Softphone
SIP Phone FMC
Residential
Enterprise
Mobile Scenario
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Convergence-oriented
ENIP NMS
Centralized user profile center and application layer for service convergence and fast service deployment
Softswitch
User Profile Center
Convergence
IP Core Network Metro Optical Backhaul

XDSL/LAN/POTS
LAN AP IAD AP
Shared converged IP network for voice, data and mobile
MSAN
POTS Softphone
POTS
Softphone
SIP Phone FMC
Unified multi-service access node for diversified services, decreasing the number of access node,
Enterprise
Residential
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Broadband-oriented
ENIP NMS
Softswitch
User Profile Center
IP Core Network
Broadband
Constructing high QoS network with large bandwidth
Metro Optical Backhaul

XDSL/LAN/POTS
LAN AP
Broadband
MSAN
AP IAD
Introduce various broadband access methods to support broadband service deployment

FMC
Softphone SIP Phone
POTS Softphone
POTS
Residential
Enterprise
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Intelligence-oriented
ENIP NMS APP Server 3rd Party
Intelligence
Centralized user profile center, session control and application layer Bring intelligence to whole network
Softswitch
User Profile Center
IP Core Network
Support fast unified service deployment
Metro Optical Backhaul XDSL/LAN/POTS

LAN AP
Broadband
MSAN
AP IAD
Softphone
POTS Softphone
POTS
SIP Phone
Residential
Enterprise
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Next Generation Networks Signaling Protocols
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SIGNALING PROTOCOLS IN NEXT GENERATION NETWORKS
H.323, SIP, MGCP, SIG-TRAN ETC
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NGN What it actually is..

A services oriented network
Focus is on services
Separation of services from Call Control

Switching & connectivity headaches are no more in switches
Services are independent of the Network

All services are independent of network control
Open and Integrated

Multivendor environment designed by IUT & IETF
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Distributed Intelligence of NGN

Telephony world Internet world
Centralized Intelligence
Intelligence Driven by CPE
Distributed & Effective Intelligence NGN Services
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NGN Values
Distributed and Open architecture
Hierarchical architecture: four Layers

It has an independent Network control Layer
Easy Interfacing: for multiple vendor Gateways

Based on Packet Switching and Standard Protocols
It is a brand-new network integrating Voice, data and video services
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Quantifying the NGN

Network operators should:
Build on Core Competencies related to traditional transport services
Eliminate inefficient current servicespecific, proprietary solutions

Enable carriers to deploy advanced services(all IP multimedia)
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Signaling in Telecommunications
Signaling:
used for establishing, controlling and monitoring the connections among networks and the end devices
Provides the means (paths, ways or directions) to exchange Connection-related information Was simple in case of only voice Became complex with Value Added & Supplementary services
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Signaling in NGN
NGN signaling protocols: H.323, H.248, SIP, MGCP, Sig Tran, etc
User to User
Media Gateway Controller to MGWC
User to MGWC and MGWC to user User to Soft switch and vice-versa Signaling Transport Protocol: (Sigtran) PSTN to NGN Internetworking
MGWC Protocol: H.248/MEGACO Control of Media Gateways & media (voice, video) coding
Session Description Protocol: SDP Characteristics of Audio/Video
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H.323 Signaling in NGN

Version 1June 1996
Multimedia conferencing on LAN, Defined network elements & Call model
Version 2February 1998

More efficient procedures Authentication, encryption and security H.235
Version 3 September 1999

Expanded supplementary services H.450
Version 5 June 2003

Improved robustness, recovery from signaling errors Use of DNS, URLs within H.323
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H.323 Functions and standard references

System and component Descriptions H.323 Call Model Description H.323 System Control
Packetization, message formats, H.225(Q.931) channel negotiations
H.245
Audio Coding, Compression

code standards,
G.711, G.722,
G.723, G.729
Video Coding, compression

ISDN(video phones)
H.261, H.263
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H.323 Components
H.323 defines four major components for packet based communications:
Terminal, Gateway, Gatekeeper, Multipoint Control Unit
Gateway MCU
Packet based N/W Gatekeeper
Terminal
Terminal
Terminal
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H.323 Components
Terminals: Client endpoints in network say IP phones, PCs. Must
support audio, G.711(64kbps) G.723.1, G.729, GSM & others
Gateways: Supports inter-operatability, translation between H.323

& PSTN, Transmission formats, Audio/Video transcoding, optional elements
Gatekeeper: Admission control, Bandwidth control, address

translation, communicates using RAS, manages all terminals, gateways, MCUs
MCUs: Supports multi-conferencing between 3 or more endpoints
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H.323 Terminals
Client end points on the network IP phones, PCs having own OS Terminals running an H.323 protocols and the multimedia applications. Must support audio G.711 (64 kb/s). Several compression coders G.723.1, g.729, GSM & others Should also have support for Video, data Support for RTP used for packet media flow
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H.323 Terminals
Audio appls video appls
Terminal Call Manager
G.771 G.729 G.723.1
H261 H263
RTCP
H225 RAS
H225 Call Sig
H245 Call Cont
T120 Data
RTP
Transport Protocols & Network Interface
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H.323 Gateways
Gateway provides connectivity between an H.323 network and a non-H.323 network By translating protocols for call setup and release Converting media formats between different networks Transferring information between the networks connected by the gateway. A gateway is not required, however, for comn. b/w two terminals on an H.323 network
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H.323 Gateways
On the H.323 side, a gateway runs H.245 control signaling for exchanging capabilities H.245 call signaling for call setup and release H.225 registration, admissions, and status (RAS) for registration with the gatekeeper On the SCN side, a gateway runs SCN-specific protocols (e.g., ISDN and SS7 protocols) Translation between audio, video, and data formats may also be performed by the gateway
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H.323 Gateways
Interworking Call Control
Gateway Call Manager
PSTN/ISDN Signaling Call control

H245 Control Sign
RTP
RTCP
H225 RAS
H225 Call Sign
PSTN/ISDN Signaling Link Control
Transport Protocol & Network Interface
Physical Interface
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H.323 Gatekeepers
Considered brain of H.323 network It is the focal point for all calls within the H.323 network Provide services such as addressing, authorization and authentication of terminals and gateways bandwidth management and call-control services for H.323 endpoints An optional feature--Call-signaling routing. Endpoints send call-signaling messages to Gatekeeper which are routed to destination endpoints
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H.323 Gatekeepers
Gatekeeper provides bandwidth control by using messages, bandwidth request (BRQ), confirm (BCF), and reject (BRJ) For instance: A threshold for simultaneous connections in H.323 network is specified Gatekeeper can refuse for any more connections once the threshold is reached. The result is to limit the total allocated bandwidth to some fraction of the total available, leaving the remaining bandwidth for data applications.
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H.323 Gatekeepers
Gatekeeper Manager
Billing Services
H225 RAS
H225 Call Sign
H245 Control Sign
Directory Services
Security Services
Policy/Call Mgt. Services
Transport Protocols & Network Interface
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H.323 Multi-point Control Units

MCUs provide support for conferences of three or more H.323 terminals All terminals participating in the conference establish a connection with the MCU MCU manages conference resources, negotiates between terminals in determining (CODEC) to use Handle the media stream Gatekeepers, Gateways, and MCUs are logically separate components of the H.323 standard but can be implemented as a single physical device
69
H.323 Multi-point Control Units

MCU has two Logical entities:
Multipoint Controller Multipoint Processor
Multipoint Controller: Controls conference call for a Multicast(many users) or Unicast(to single user) Multipoint Processor: provides advanced functions in H323 like video mixing, audio mixing or video switching
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H.323 Call Example.

H.323 Gatekeeper
PSTN phone H.323 Gateway
IP network
PSTN H.323 Gateway phone
H.225 describes how audio, video, data and control information be managed In IP network in equipment having H.323 H.245 are control signaling which includes receiving & transmitting capabilities Logical channel signaling etc
71
H.323 Call Example.

Call Setup step-1:
Discovery and Registration
Gatekeeper Request
H.323 Gatekeeper
H.323 Gateway
Gatekeeper Confirm/Reject
Who is my Gatekeeper
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H.323 Call Example.

Call Setup step-2:
Discovery and Registration
Registration Request
H.323 Gateway
H.323 Gatekeeper
Registration Confirm/Reject
Associate 212 NXX XXXX With IP Address 12.10.2.2

Okay!
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H.323 Call Example.

Call Setup step-3:
Location Request Location Confirmation
H.323 Gatekeeper
H.323 Gateway
Admission Request
Admission confirm/reject
Find where is 212 NXX XXXX Can I call that IP address 12.10.2.2
Yes, IP is identified This much XX bps is may be used
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H.323 Call Example.

Call Setup step-4:
H.323 Gate keeper
H.323 Gateway
H.323 Gateway
H.245 manages OLC like: Type of media, UDP Port # etc
Q.931 for basic call setup protocol
Logical channels for Media Streams

75
H.323 Few Messages..

Gatekeeper Discovery Gatekeeper Discovery Request (GRQ) Location Request Location Request (LRQ)
Gatekeeper Confirmation (GCF)

Gatekeeper Rejection (GRJ) Bandwidth Change Bandwidth Change Request (BRQ)
Location Confirmation (LCF)

Location Rejection (LRJ) Status Queries Info Request (IRQ)
Bandwidth Change Confirmation (BCF)

Bandwidth Change Rejection (BRJ) Terminal/Gateway Registration Registration Request (RRQ) Registration Confirmation (RCF) Registration Rejection (RRJ)
Info Request Response (IRR)

Info Request Nak ((INAK) Call Admission Admission Request (ARQ) Admission Confirmation (ACF) Admission Rejection (ARJ)
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H.323 (H.225 Call Signaling)

H.225:
RAS channel is used to carry messages used in the GateKeeper discovery Endpoint terminal registration
Associates end-terminal address with its call signaling transport address
H.225: -- Also describes how audio, video and control

information be managed in IP based n/w
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H.323 (H.245 Control Signaling)

H.245:
Receiving & transmitting capabilities Defines procedures for managing logical channels Specifies as Open Logical Channel structure like:
Type of media and format (audio, video codexs) Transport address Port numbers Direction of flow which port will receive info May identify combinations of channels audio, video
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H.323 Call Stages

Discovery & Registration: Identify/Who am I
RAS
Call Setup: RAS/H.225/Q.931 Call Negotiation: H.245 Media Channel Setup: H.245 Media Transport: RTP/RTCP Call Termination: H.245/H.225/Q.931/RAS Who I want to call Our capabilities Lets open an audio channel Send the audio
We are done
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Session Initiation Protocol SIP

Call Setup is faster: few messages Future protocol: SIP based phones Has more capacity to handle more calls Its a newer version may discard backward compatibility Uses SDP like H.323 uses H.245 for messages Establish sessions over purely IP networks for VVD End-to-End oriented signaling protocol and similar to HTTP
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Session Initiation Protocol SIP

An end-to-end oriented signaling protocol which means, that all the logic is stored in end devices (except routing of SIP messages) Establishes sessions for features: audio/videoconferencing, interactive gaming, and call forwarding Enables service providers to integrate basic IP telephony services with Web, e-mail, and chat services signaling functions are based on H.225 recommendation specifies the use and support of Q.931/Q932 signaling messages
81
SIP Messages, Call & Control

UAC make requests and the UAS return answers to client requests SIP defines the communication through two types of messages, The requests (methods) and the answers (state codes) SIP Methods contains URI User Request Identifier called Request-Line SIP Answers (State Codes) The answers or Responses of the above SIP Methods
82
SIP Components
To establish sessions SIP has following components to perform the session functions:
1. User Agent: UAC (sends/receives SIP requests) UAS (sends answers to SIP requests)
2. Servers:
(can all be in same machine)
Proxy (establishes calls between users) Redirect (generates redirection answers) Register (accepts register requests, gives location and address of user)
SIP relies on SDP(Session Description Protocol) to exchange session contents like H323 uses H245 for actual media exchange
83
SIP Call Setup Example

Location Server
INVITE xyz@wto.com xyz?
From: abc@itsc.com
xyz@wto.com INVITE xyz@wto.com From: abc@itsp.com OK ACK SIP Server Media Stream ACK xyz@wto.com
OK abc@itsp.com
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SIP Call Setup Example

Redirect Server
INVITE xyz@wto.com
xyz?
From: abc@itsc.com
135.79.24.68
Moved Contact 135.79.24.68 abc@itsp.com ACK xyz@135.79.24.68 SIP Server
INVITE xyz@135.79.24.68 From: abc@itsp.com OK ACK Media Stream

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SIP Entities and Address

SIP entities identify a user by its SIP URI (Uniform Resource Identifiers) Examples of SIP URI:
user@domain, where domain is a full domain name user@machine, where machine is the name of the machine user@ip_address, where address is the IP address of the machine telephone_number@gateway, where the gateway allow to access through the PSTN to the called number
* SIP identification solution, can be also based on the DNS

86
SIP Messages & Responses

SIP Messages:
INVITE --- Initiate Call ACK ---- Confirm final response BYE ---- Release Call CANCEL --- Cancel request REGISTER --- Register with LS
SIP Response:
Client Error 404 --- Not found Server error 500 --- Internal Server error Client error 484 --- Address incomplete
SDP describes: Type of media (V/V/D), format (CODECS G.729, G.731 etc), transport protocol (RTP/UDP/IP) and transport address (UDP port numbers)
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SIP Requests & Responses few

Requests (Methods) Respones (Answers)
INVITE ACK
BYE
Initiate Call Confirm final response

Release Call
1xx 2xx
3xx 4xx 5xx
Informational Success
Redirection Failure of Request Server Failure Global failure
CANCEL Cancel Pending request OPTION S REGIST ER Features Supported
Register with Location 6xx Server
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Media Gateway Control ProtocolsMGCP

Used between SoftSwitch and IAD/AG/TMG/UMG
The Softswitch (MGC) Controls Media Gateways by means of MGCP is a signaling and call control protocol used within Voice over IP (VoIP) systems that typically interoperates with the public switched telephone network (PSTN) In essence MGCP is a Master (softswitch) and Slave(Media Gateways) Protocol MGCP uses SDP for media transporting
89
MGCP Call Flow Scenario

LEGENDS:
IAM- Initial Address Message ACM- Address Completion Message CRCX- Create Connection MDCX Modify connection (add video) RESP Response to connection
SG
SG: To establish call b/w PSTN & SS
RESP
SS
LE
RTP/UDP/IP
LE
TMG/UMG 1
Media Stream
phone
TMG/UMG 2
phone
90
MGCP Messages.
Command Endpoint Configuration Create Connection Modify Connection Delete Connection Notification Request Notify Audit Endpoint Audit connection Restart In Progress Direction of Flow and Command itself MGC to MG MGC to MG MGC to MG MGC to MG MGC to MG MG to MGC MGC to MG MGC to MG MG to MGC EPCX CRCX MDCX DLCX RQNT NTFY AUEP AUCX RSIP
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MGCP Call Flow Scenario

LEX1 Phone MGCP OFF Hook IAM CRCX RESP RESP
IP NEWTORK
MGC
MG1
MG2
MGC
LEX2 Phone
MGCP CRCX
IAM
MDCX RESP ACM
ACM
Ringing
OFF hook
ANM
ANM
92
MEGACO/H.248, point of origin

MEGACO was designed after some limitations in MGCP like MGCP could handle low density ITU-T developed MDCP whereas IETF had developed MGCP A compromise between the two originated in the form of MEGACO-Protocol or MEGACOP ITU-T (SG-16) also developed H.248 in parallel to MEGACO Finally ITU-T & IETF agreed upon that both MEGACO & H.248 shall be identical
93
MEGACO/H.248, functions
MEGACO defines the rules/protocols for the Sofswitch to control MGWs Typically MEGACO/H.248 provides support for media streams It provides support for VoIP & multimedia support for PSTN or VoIP within the IP network MEGACO provides base architecture for controlling MGWs how MGWs can be controlled by SS (MGC) MEGACO/H.248 works for a distributed architecture
94
MEGACO/H.248, workings..
MEGACO provides:
Total control over Media Gateways MGs Call admission and billing Signaling interface to PSTN Translation for H.323 or SIP protocols
The Softswitch (MGController) instructs MGWs like:

To sense off-hook condition To apply dial-tone & collect dialed digits To ADD any call connection and its context (coders required) To add UDP port numbers etc
95
MGCP and MEGACO base model

Two terminologies are used: Termination and Context Termination:
A termination is a logical entity that transmit/receive media stream or control streams For example: Endpoint is a termination
Context:
-- It is the association between two Terminations
(Endpoints) For example: between two Endpoints (Local Call) between two RTP ports (Transit Call)
96

MEGACO Terminations and Context
Context
Simple Context Voice Call
Termination
X
Termination
Context
Multimedia Context (Conference Call)
Termination
X
Termination
Termination
Null Context No Connection
Termination
97

MGCP terms basic constructs as Endpoints & Connections
Endpoints: source/sink of data Connections: an association between two Endpoints
MGACO terms basic constructs as Terminations & Contexts

Termination: an entity within a MGW that source/sinks data Context: an association between two Terminations
Possible Contexts: Origin & Dest in same MGW (local call) Between two diff MGW (transit call)
98
MEGACO and SoftSwitch!

Sofswitch MGC creates new Context inside MG by ADD MGC adds, subtracts Terminations to a Context MGW NOTIFIES MGC of events (off-hook, onhook) inside MG MGC audits (checks) Context & Termination between MGWs MGC uses Service Change command (adding video/data) during a call to inform MGW
99
MEGACO Packages.
MEGACO/H.248 define aspects of signaling as Packages:
Commonly defined functions like:
Connectivity, Transfer and Hold etc Examples of Packages are: Transactions = Number Contexts = Number, $ Termination = Identity or $ Package Data = off-hook, on-hook, port # Events, Signals, statistics = ring back tones, tone itself, time to ring
100
MEGACO Messages
Messages Add Modify Subtract Move Audit Value Audit Capabilities Notify Service Change Description of Messages Addition of a Termination to a context. First Add message creates new context Modification of features of termination, dial tone Removal of a termination fro a context (disconnection) Removal of a termination from context and addition of this termination to another context (Conference Call) Requests Information about features, events, signals When SS learns features like PRI/BRI or any other Requests Information about all possible features, events, signals allowed for this termination Notification on Events (off-hook, on-hook) Notification of changes of termination like dead, bad
101
SIGTRAN Protocols.
SIGTRAN:
SIGnaling TRANsport to carry SS7 signals over the Internet PSNTs signals are being carried over IP network after converting from SS7 to IP signals Underlying transport vehicle is SCTP (Signaling Control transmission Protocol) to carry SS7 over IP PSTN signals SS7 are transmitted to SG (Signaling Gateway) which in turns converts SS7 into SIGTRAN signals SIGTRAN signals are sent to a SoftSwitch or to next Signaling Gateway SG
102
SIGTRAN Protocols
Basic function of SIGTRAN:
To transport PSTN (SS7) signals over IP keeping the functions & requirements of PSTN Idea is to transport ISDN(Q.931, ISUP, SCCP etc) messages between IP nodes (SG, MGC, MGW) or to an IP-based database To provide signaling capability for Call Management and to provide media paths for IP real-time traffic Real-time traffic can be Voice, Music, video which needs instant transportation
103
SIGTRAN Protocols Model

Upper Layer protocols
Redefines new Transport service

Adaptation Protocols
Carries SS7 signals over IP runway Common Signaling Transport SCTP
The Real IP Standard Transport means Standard IP protocols
Adaptation protocols-to make TCP/IP look like an upper layer protocols MTP3 (which are MTP1, MPT2, MTP3 all SS7 signals)
104
Integration of SS7 & IP protocols

SS7 ISUP SCCP users, RANAP, TCAP etc
SCCP MTP3 MTP2 Q931
M2UA
M2PA
M3UA
IUA
SUA
2904
3565
2905
9900
1401
SCTP
IP
105
SIGTRAN benefits..
Ease of deployment: No need to distrupt SS7, future enhancements are transparent Better Efficiency: Using IP over SDH and IP over fiber can achieve much higher throughput Flexible architecture: IP signaling is flexible than TDM-based legacy networks Enhanced Services: Implementation of a core IP network facilitates a variety of solutions and value added services (VAS)
106
All Signaling Protocol scenario.

SS SIP-T/BICC SS
SIGTRAN
H248 H.248
SIGTRAN
SG
SG
SS7 E1 TMG/UMG
H323 /SIP
SS7 E1 TMG/UMG
PSTN
AGW
PSTN
SIP Phone
Phone A phones * SIP-T: SIP for Telephone GSM MSC
107
Phone B MAP
Protocol abbreviation used.

ISUPISDN User Part SCTP Stream Control transmission Protocol RANAP Radio Network Access part TCAP Transaction Capability part MTP1, 2 3 Message Transfer Part 1, 2 ,3 M2UA, M3UA Message 2 User Adaptation, Adaptation 3 IUA ISDN User Adaptation SUA SCCP User Adaptation SCCP Signaling Connection Control Point
108
NGN Components/Elements and their Description
109
NGN Elements
Softswitch (SS or MGC) Media Gateway (MG) Signaling Gateway (SG) Core Network Management and Support Systems Application and Feature Server NGN Protocols
Softswitch Multi Service Core Network
Operation Support System Gateway (OSSGateway)
SG
Media Gateway
110
Access Identities
SG: Signaling Gateway
TMG: Trunk Media Gateway

AMG: Access Media Gateway UMG: Universal Media Gateway IAD: Integrated Access Device MSG: Multi Service Gateway
BGW: Broadband GateWay

111
Introduction To Gateways
112
Media Gateways
The function of a media gateway is to adapt user data to the backbone network based on a packet switching technology (IP ). Terminates voice calls from the TDM, compress and packetize the voice data, and delivers the compressed voice packets to the packet network. Receives the voice packets from the packet network, unpacketize and uncompress them, and deliver them to the TDM. Controlled by the Softswitch
113
Media Gateways as Access Gateways (AG)

IP/MPLS
V.24 V.35 E1

POTS ISDN VOIP
ADSL ADSL2 HDSL SHDSL
LAN
The AGW equipment is installed in the Access Network. The Access Gateway (AG) provides narrowband and broadband service access. The AG transfers subscriber line data such as voice, modem and fax across the core network of NGN through media stream conversion.
114
Media Gateways as Trunking Gateways (TG)

Speech circuits (TDM) IP packets
Local Exchange Local Exchange
IP/MPLS
MGW
MGW
Trunk Exchange
Trunk Exchange
Trunk Media Gateway (TMG) is resident between the circuit switched network and the IP packet switched network. It provides functions of format conversion between pulse code modulation (PCM) signal streams and IP media streams.
115
Residential Media Gateway (RG)

IP/MPLS
Customer Premises
RMG adopts the Voice over IP (VoIP) technology to encapsulate analog voice signals into data packets that can be transmitted over packet-switched network, in order to provide telephone service over global IP network at a very low cost.
116
IAD: Full Series Products

32-port
Terminal
1-port
2-port
4-port
8-port
16-port
IAD101A EPhone
IAD208 Series IAD132E(T)
video terminal
IAD101E
IAD102E
IAD104E
IAD108 Series IAD116E-A
Capacity ranges from 1 port to 32 Optional FE/ADSL/VDSL uplink Support Fax/Modem
117
Huawei Universal Media Gateway: UMG8900
Large Capacity:
7168 E1, 112*STM-1 (Trunk side)
POTS users: up to 1,000,000

V5 users: up to 1,000,000 PRA users: 7,168 (30B+D or 23B+D) BRI users: up to 500,000
Carrier-class reliability design

Interfaces: E1/T1/STM-1.FE/GE,ATM STM1/E3 and POS STM-1/STM-4 Protocol supported:H.248, PRA,R2, SIGTRAN(M2UA,IUA,V5UA) and V5 Local TDM switching function (128K*128K)
118
Connectivity Of Access Gateway in Network
119
Connectivity Of Universal Media Gateway
120
Connectivity Of Trunk + Signaling Gateway
121
Connectivity Of Trunk + Access Gateway
122
Connectivity Of Residential Media Gateway
123
Communication B/W Softswitch & UMG
124
Signalling Gateways
125
Signaling Gateway: SG7000
The Signaling Gateway (SG) converts PSTN signaling between TDM bearer mode and IP packets mode.
Process capacity: 5120 64kbps links or 640 *2Mbps links Interfaces: E1/T1 and FE Protocols supported: SIGTRAN (M3UA/M2PA/SCTP) and SS7 Built-in STP Embedded signaling trace analyzer
126
Signaling Gateways Function (SG-F)
It encapsulates and transports PSTN signaling protocols

(eg. SS7) using SIGTRAN to the MGC-F or another SG-F. For mobile networks, encapsulates and transports PSTN/PLMN signaling protocols (eg. SS7) using SIGTRAN to the MGC-F or another SG-F The interface from the SG-F to the other entities is a protocol interface when the SG-F and MGC-F or other SG-F are not co-located (eg. SIGTRAN). One SG-F can serve multiple MGC-Fs Application protocols include SIGTRAN, TUA, SUA and M3UA over SCTP
127
Introduction To Softswitch
The control Layer combines the equipment that
manages signaling and call control progress.

The control handles the call setup and controls the media gateways.
Major components at this layer are the softswitches.
128
Softswitch
As a SoftSwitch product, SoftX3000 is located at the core control layer of NGN scheme. SoftX3000 acts as a generic Call Controller in the packet-switched network, supports the interworking between PSTN, H.323, SIP, and MGCP domains. SoftX3000 provides H.248 and MGCP based bearer control. In the NGN solution of Huawei, SoftX3000 acts as the core of NGN, interworking with other NGN components through the open network adopting distributed standard protocols.
129
Location of SoftX3000
SoftX3000 is applicable to the network control layer of NGN and implements call control and connection management of voice, data and multimedia services based on the IP network.
130
Control Function Of S.Switch

SoftSwitch
Call control path
SoftSwitch
IP Core Network
Talking Path
IAD AMG SG UMG
Broadband Access
3G Access
PSTN
TMG
UMG
PLMN
131
Next Generation Voice Switching the Softswitch concept
Soft switches are software-based multi-function network gateways (running under Unix or Windows) that act as interfaces between circuit switched and packet-switched networks
132
Role of a Softswitch
Provides the call control and the Media Gateway control for the NGN The name softswitch is used because many switching functions handled by large monolithic systems in the circuit switched world are instead emulated by software systems. The term Softswitch refers to a Call agent or a Media Gateway Control (MGC)
133
Role of a Softswitch
Softswitch
Media Gateway Control Signaling
IP Core
MGW
MGW
134
Softswitch System Architecture

Key components of softswitch architecture are: Call agent / Call controller: it performs call control
functions
Application Server (AS) provides enhanced

features which is not available in Softswitch host.
Operating Support System (OSS) as network

management, billing support, etc.
Signaling Gateway (SG) as interface to CCS-7

(STP)
Trunk Gateway (TG) as interface to TE or LE of

PSTN
Access Gateway (AG) as interface to CPE

135
Softswitch Functions
The main functions are:
Call control Media gateway access control
Protocol processing
Routing Authentication
Charging
Application Programming Interfaces (API) for 3rd party Servers
136
Softswitch Services
Softswitch can be used as an end office (C5 office), tandem office (C4 office), toll office, International gateway office and IN SSP
Voice services
Basic voice services

Supplementary Services IP fax services IP CENTREX services Multimedia services IN services
137
Softswitch Service Provisioning

Basic and Supplementary Services
Abbreviated Dialing, Automatic call back, Alarm ring service, Call waiting, Three-way call and Centrex, etc.
Traditional IN services
300, 800, Account card service, etc.
New Revenue generating services

Web 800, Click to dial, Web Service Customization, Synchronization browsing, One Number, Voice Mail, Unified Message (UMS), Short Message.
Video and Multi-media services

Video phone, multi-media TV conference.
138
Huawei Softx3000 Softswitch

Legacy Switch
SoftX3000
Big Saving of 40% OPEX ! Nodes, Space, Power, Staffs
High Capacity & Integration 2,000,000 POTS 2,000,000 V5 Subscribers 2,000,000 SIP Terminals 1,000,000 H.323 Terminals High Performance 16M BHCA Perfect Scalability 150,000 subs / frame and smoothly expansion Fewer power Consumption Power consumption < 4.5KW
139
Softswitch Networking Solutions

Long Distance VoIP Solution with Softswitch + Trunk Gateway configuration for long distance VoIP service. Local VoIP Solutions with Softswitch + Media Gateway, Softswitch+IADSoftswitch+AccessGateway, Softswitch+Intelligent Terminals for local VoIP and Data services. Flexible access solution for group subscribers such as school, enterprise, government institute depending on network condition and accessing scale.
140
SoftSwitch as a Class 5 Solution
141
Soft Switch as a Class 4

IN AppServer Route/Policy Service NMS
INAP
PARLAY /SIP
LDAP/ TRIP SIP-T/BICC
SNMP
SoftX3000 H.248/ SIGTRAN
SoftX3000 H.248/ SIGTRAN
SS7/PRI/R2 Switch PSTN UMG8900
Packet/TDM bearer netwrk UMG8900
SS7/PRI/R2 Switch PSTN

142
Interface and Protocol

An interface is the connection point between two
adjacent network entities, and a protocol specifies the

principles to be followed for information interchanging over such connection points (interfaces) Different protocols are usually used on different interfaces and maybe on the same interface as well.
143
Soft Switch Interfaces and Protocols

MRS APP Server
MML/SNMP MGCP
SCP
FTP/FTAM
SIP
NMS
BC
SIP
H.323
H.323
SIP
SS7
Soft Switch
SoftSwitch
PSTN
SIGTRAN
MGCP/SIP/H.323
SG
H.248
EPhone
TMG AMG IAD
144
SoftX3000 Signaling Classification
Signaling transport protocol Signaling transport layer

protocol provides SoftX3000 with signaling transport services. These are MTP (PSTN), INAP (IN), M2UA,M3UA (User adaption layer protocols for MTP2 & MTP3),SCTP etc.
Bearer control protocol - is a kind of master/slave protocol

used for Media Gateway Controller (MGC) to control Media Gateways (MGs) from external call elements like a Call Agent (SoftX3000). Example is MGCP and H248(MEGACO).
Call control protocol A protocol used to control call setup,

connection and termination. The call control protocols used in SoftX3000 are ISUP of SS7 & for switched circuit network, SIP and H.323 for call control in packet switched networks.
145
NGN Gateways & Application Servers
146
NGN Gateway Systems
Access/Residential Gateway Network Access Gateway (including Firewall, NAPT, DHCP etc.)
Residential Border Gateway
Media Gateway
Access/Trunk Media Gateway
Radio Gateway BRAS (Broadband Remote Access Server) Softswitch Call Server, Session Controller Signalling Gateway including Media Gateway Controller PSTN Gateway PSTN Emulation and Simulation Trunk and Border Gateway Interconnection Border Gateway Application Server Gateway Parlay/OSA Gateway OperAPI Gateway
147
NGN Control and Management System -1
Transport Resource/Policy Control System

Transport Policy Management System including PDF/PEF Multimedia Resource Controller or Resource Manager Bandwidth Broker and Bandwidth Manager
Mobility Support System

HLR/VLR, HA/FA etc. Location Service Control System
Location Control Server
Packet Gateway Control System

Various Gateway Controller including Media Gateway Controller
Network Access Control System

Admission Control and gate control system DHCP Server, NAPT, Firewall etc
148
NGN Control and Management System - 2
IMS-based Session Control System

P-/I-/S-CSPF Session Control Proxy System (i.e., P-CSCF, Proxy VoIP Gateway, etc) IMS-MGW (Media Gateway) and IMS-MGC (Media Gateway Controller) IMS-Resource Controller
User Profile Database System

Including Transport/Service/Terminal/User Authentication and Authorisation System
AAA Server, HSS etc.
User (and Terminal) registration system Subscription Location
149
NGN Control and Management System - 3
Charging and Billing System

Charging Trigger and Charging Collection System Online Charging System including Rating system Account Management System
Traffic Management Server

Traffic Management System
Application Control Server

Broadcast Control Server Home Gateway Control Server RFID Control Server Multimedia Application Control Server
150
NGN Application Systems
Home Gateway
Including intelligent Home server STB Management Server
Media Resource Processing Server

Media Resource and Processing Gateway Multimedia Resource Function Processor
Application Server
Interactive Application Server or SIP-based Application Server Messaging Server, Presence Sever, Conference Server VoD Streaming Server, IP-TV or DMB Server OSA Application Server RFID Server, Telematics Server Web Hosting Server
151
Gateway Controller
The Gateway Controller is one of the key functional units of the Softswitch. The Gateway Controller holds the call processing rules, but uses the Media Gateway and Signaling Gateway to perform the job. It is the responsibility of the Signaling Gateway to perform call set-up and teardown. In addition, it interfaces to the OSS and BSS systems. Often this unit is referred as Call Agent or Media Gateway Controller interchangeably. Sometimes the Call Agent by itself is referred as a Softswitch. This component communicates within other parts of the Softswitch and also the external networks using different protocols.
152
Gateway Controller
The Gateway Controller is responsible for bridging networks with different characteristics, including the PSTN, SS7, and IP networks. This bridging function involves validation and initiation before establishing phone connections. It is responsible for managing voice and data traffic throughout the various networks. It is often referred to as a Call Agent (because of its Call control messaging functions). Also is referred to as a Media Gateway Controller (because of its Media Gateway Control functions).
153
Functional Requirements Gateway Controller

Call control engine Voice call establishment protocols: H.323, SIP Media control protocols: MGCP, Megaco H.248 Class of service and quality of service control SS7 control protocol: SIGTRAN (SS7 over IP) SS7 processing (when using SigTran) QoS related protocol message handling such as RTCP
154
Functional Requirements Gateway Controller

Routing, including:
Routing component: local dial plan (E164 to port mapping) Digit analysis overlap and/or inblock signaling Digit translation support for IP, FR, ATM and other networks
Call Detail Records (CDR) for billing Bandwidth management control Provisioning for Media Gateways:
Assignment and real time configuration of DSP resources DS0 channel assignments Voice transmission (coding, compression, and packetization)
Provisioning for Signaling Gateways:

SS7 variants Process Timers Linkset configuration Point code or routing configuration
Gatekeeper registration
155
System Characteristics Gateway Controller

It is CPU intensive. A multi-processor system is most preferred A large in-memory database required A large memory capacity will also enable multiple processes to live in memory without excessive paging activity. It deals mostly with IP traffic A sufficient amount of high-speed connectivity may be required A dual-redundancy approach for network connectivity is normally required It requires support for a variety protocols Disk storage is primarily used for logging
156
Signaling Gateway
A Signaling Gateway creates a bridge between the SS7 network and an IP network, under the control of the Gateway Controller. A Signaling Gateway causes a Softswitch to appear like an ordinary SS7 point code (SS7 node) in an SS7 network. The Signaling Gateway only handles SS7 signaling; a Media Gateway handles the voice circuits established by the SS7 signaling mechanism. SIGTRAN defines a suite of protocols and user adaptation layers for transporting signaling information over IP-based networks. If SigTran is used as the protocol between the Gateway Controller and the Signaling Gateway, then only MTP1, MTP2, and SigTran reside on the Signaling Gateway
157
Signaling Gateway.
A Signaling Gateway usually supports the following layers: SCTP, which is responsible for reliable signaling transport, streaming, congestion avoidance and control M3UA, which supports the transport of ISUP, SCCP, and TUP messages over IP M2UA, which supports congestion control and the transport of MTP3 messages IUA, which supports the Q.931/Q.921 interface M2Peer, which supports the MTP3-to-MTP2 interface
158
Functional Requirements Signaling Gateway

A Signaling Gateway must support the following functions: It must provide physical connectivity to the SS7 network via a TI/El or Tl/V.35 physical connection It must be able to transport SS7 information between Gateway Controller and Signaling Gateway via an IP network It must provide a transmission path for voice, video, and optionally data. (Data transmission may be supported within the Media Gateway.) Provide Highly Available SS7 operation for telecommunication services
159
System Characteristics Signaling Gateway

A Signaling Gateway has the following system characteristics: It is I/O intensive, but not very CPU intensive. A maximum amount of memory should be available to hold state information, configuration information, the point code map, alternate routes, etc. A disk storage is primarily used for logging; a small capacity may be adequate. The Ethernet interface (to the IP network) may require dual redundancy.
160
Signaling Gateway Characteristics

It may interface with the SS7 network by using a T1/E1/E1, with a minimum 2 D-channels, and a maximum 16 D-channels. Performance and flexibility can be increased using a H.110 or H.100 bus. High Availability is a requirement, multiple Signaling Gateways or signaling links are available. Redundancy is built into SS7 networks by design
161
Convergence of SS7 and IP networks
162
Call Control Functionality
163
SEGway X401 Signaling Gateway

Ability to scale upto 1408 SS7 links with HSL, 1000SIGTRAN M2PA/M3UA/SUA associations. 14 slots available for I/O and application server blades thus unprecedented flexibility to interface with traditional SS7 and IP-SIGTRAN networks
164
SEGway X301 Signaling Gateway

Ability to scale upto 128 SS7 links Six payload slots available for low TDM and high speed (IPSIGTRAN) this solution can be used to manage SS7 networks and connect with multiple interconnectivity partners.
165
Application Server
Application Server generates application documents (VoiceXMLpages) in response to requests from the Media Gateway via the internal Ethernet network.
The application server leverages a web application infrastructure to interface with data stores (messages stores, user profile databases, content servers) to generate documents (e.g., VoiceXML pages).
AS provide interoperability between applications like WAP, HTML, and voice allowing the end user to simultaneously input voice command and receive presentation via WAP or HTML.
166
Application Server vs. Media Server
Application Server
Signaling (SIP) Media Server Control (SIP with VoiceXML,MSML)
Command
Functions of an Application Server

Service Specific Logic (ACD, IVR, Conf, Speech) Service Databases (ie. for screen-pops) Call Signaling Service Mgmt and Provisioning Billing Interface Service Creation
IP Network
Response
Functions of a Media Server

Audio Tones & Announcements Fax Detection & Processing DTMF Detection & Generation Hot Word Spotting Audio Bridging & Mixing Speech Recognition Video Bridging & mixing Video Transcoding Audio Recording & Playback Text to Speech Video Recording & Playback
Media (RTP)
Video Video Switching Announcements
Media Server
RTP = Real Time Protocol SIP = Session Initiation Protocol
Audio Transcoding
167
Aims of Application Servers

For building integrated, enterprise-class applications that
share information, deliver services, and automate collaboration among networked companies at Internet volume and speed separate of presentation, business logic, and data provide the underlying core functionality necessary for the development and deployment of business-driven application connect legacy systems, and Web Services
168
The Reason to Adopt A.S

applications with complex business logic potentially servicing tens of thousands of concurrent users in real-time require a scalability and reliability Distributed system
Stock trading system Banking application
169
What we need
RMI Load balancing Transparent fail over Back-end integration Transaction Clustering Dynamic redeployment Clean shutdown Logging and auditing System management Threading Message-oriented middleware Object life cycle Resource polling Security Caching
170
What do they provide?

Speeds application development and relieves developers of the effort and expense of creating these crucial services on their own o Load balancing o Fault tolerance o Web Services o Legacy integration o Transaction management o Security o Messaging o Multi-threading o Persistence o Database connectivity o Resource pooling o Development, testing, and packaging facilities
171
Single Server/Clustered Servers
172
J2EE based
BEA WebLogic Java Application Server IBM WebSphere Java Application Server Oracle 9i Java Application Server Sun ONE Java Application Server (iPlanet) HP Application Server (HP-AS) (Bluestone) JBoss Application Server Enhydra Application Server
173
J2EE Components used..

Java Servlets & Java Server Pages (JSP) Enterprise Java Beans (EJB) Java Transaction API (JTA) Java Transaction Service (JTS) Java API for XML Parsing (JAXP) Java Messaging Service (JMS) Message Driven Beans (MDB) Remote Method Invocation (RMI) Java Database Connection 2 (JDBC2) Java Connector Architecture (JCA) Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) JavaBeans Activation Framework (JAF)
174
Three layered architecture of A.S

The presentation layer managing the user interfaces of applications, including desktop applications, Web browsers, and pervasive devices The business layer contains the business logic The back-end layer provides connectivity with enterprise systems and databases
175
Three layered architecture of A.S

Hosting Organization
Subscriber 1 Presentation
Logic Subscriber 2 Persistence
Subscriber 3
176
Presentation Layer
Thin clients such as Web browsers that send HTTP requests and receive HTTP responses for static HTML or dynamic Web pages built by Java Servlets and Java Server Pages (JSPs) Thick clients such as Java applets and applications, ActiveX controls, or Visual Basic clients that run on a desktop and communicate with BEA WebLogic Server through CORBA, Java RMI,IIOP, or COM+
177
Presentation Layer
Pervasive devices including wireless phones, PDAs, smart appliances, and other emerging remote clients that communicate with the server via specific and usually very compact can generate WML pages from Servlets and JSPs. Web Services that connect to the system using Web Services technologies, such as SOAP,UDDI, and WSDL
178
Presentation Layer
Provides a Web Server Servlet and JSP results caching and JSP tags caching provides high-reliability, scalability, monitoring, and other features required by enterprise applications plug-ins for Apache, iPlanet, and Microsoft IIS Web servers
179
Additional Features
Virtual hosting www.company1.com and www.company2.com Clustering scalability and high-availability insulates clients from hardware or power failures by eliminating single points of failure Load balancing Incoming requests can be distributed across multiple instances of AS
180
Additional Features
High availability with transparent fail-over
The data contained in Web components can be replicated across multiple machines In the event of a failure, current client session information is maintained
disk-based persistence in- memory replication of a client s session state
181
Business Layer
contains the applications business logic independent of the user interface, including distributed components, running in the application server environment Enterprise Java Beans
182
Examples of transactions involving mail application server

Establishing connection between mail APIs (application program interfaces) and mail server Updating mails by inserting, adding, replacing, or deleting Querying for the mails Terminating the connection between the API and the mail server
183
Responses to Requests by An AS
The server Gets from the collaborating or
independent mobile devices of an enterprise From a distributed mobile computing system The server processes these requests Generates responses
184
Examples of web database and enterprise application servers

IBM DB2 database server IBM DB2 is an RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) data server from IBM DB2 EveryPlace version run on handheld devices Enterprises application logic processing at the server
185
Examples of web database and enterprise application servers

Oracle 9i database Server RDBMS
Oracle9i server has a large number of features and it supports XML documents and has an option for cluster database
186
Some Application Servers

Web Generic application servers for Java-based web applications (Microsoft, Sun, and Netscape) with additional support for wireless network and mobile devices IBM WebSphere Application Server with specialized mobile Web computing application server (it supports J2EE Web applications and XML databases) IBM Domino Application Server for workgroups, email applications, and support for handheld and Windows CE devices
187
Some Application Servers

Microsoft Mobile Information Server (e.g., for messenger and email) Oracle 9i Application Server for database services with mobile support Puma and Synchrologic iMobile Suite for datasynchronization services Nokia WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) Server for wireless Internet WAP applications BlackBerry Enterprise Server (BES)
188
Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI)

Client API provides naming & directory services for Java Apps Does not replace DNS, CORBA, RMI etc Allows multiple directory services coexist Provides a federated name server
189
Databases
JDBC (Java Database Connectivity)
Thin clients servlet,JavaServer Pages (JSP) Thick clients RMI to remote databases most recommended way is to use entity beans and benefit from the underlying services Connection pooling
190
Integration
Integrating new applications with any legacy Enterprise Information System (EIS) J2EE Connector Architecture (J2CA) CORBA
integration with legacy systems that implement the CORBA specifications
COM/DCOM (COM+)
bi-directional interoperability with Microsoft s COM+
can access data in Microsoft applications, communicate with Visual Basic clients
191
J2EE Connector Architecture (JCA)

A standard architecture for connecting the J2EE platform to heterogeneous EIS systems ERP, mainframe transaction processing, database systems, and legacy applications not written in the Java programming language enables the integration of EISs with application servers and enterprise applications By defining a set of scalable, secure, and transactional mechanisms
192

Enables an EIS vendor to provide a standard resource adapter for its EIS The resource adapter plugs into an application server, providing connectivity between the EIS, the application server, and the enterprise application An EIS vendor needs to provide just one standard resource adapter which has the capability to plug in to any application server that supports the J2EE Connector architecture
193

Multiple resource adapters are pluggable into an application server enables application components deployed on the application server to access the underlying EIS systems
194
J2EE Connector Architecture
195
Resource Adapter in A.S

To achieve a standard system-level pluggability between application servers and EISs, the J2EE Connector architecture defines a standard set of system-level contracts between an application server and EIS The resource adapter implements the EIS-side of these system-level contracts
196
Resource Adapter in A.S

System-level software driver used by an application server or an application client to connect to an EIS By plugging into an application server, the resource adapter collaborates with the server to provide the underlying mechanisms, the transactions, security, and connection pooling mechanisms A resource adapter is used within the address space of the application server
197
Application Contract
An application server and an EIS collaborate to keep all system-level mechanisms, such as transactions, security, and connection management, transparent from the application components A Connection Management contract A Transaction Management contract Security contract A Message Inflow contract A Lifecycle Management contract A Work Management contract
198
Web Service Support

Automatically wraps the business components in to Web services Support for WSDL and UDDI Publish, search, host Support for Web Services Security standard Reliable SOAP implementation based on a sequence of asynchronous SOAP communications, receipts, and notifications guaranteed delivery, exactly-once delivery, ordered conversation A set of convenient graphical tools for development, search, and composing of the Web Services BEA WebLogic Workshop
199
Messaging
Asynchronous method invocations Why? Performance Reliability Support for multiple senders and receivers
Application Message Oriented Middleware Application
200
Message Oriented Middleware MOM

Provides Guaranteed message delivery Fault tolerance Load balancing of destinations Subscription mech. Proprietary solutions Tibco Rendezvous IBM MQSeries BEA Tuxedo/Q Microsoft MSMQ
201
Java Message Service

API Write code to send and receive msg Service Provider Interface (SPI) Plug in JMS drivers to allow existing companies to JMS-enable their applications without impacting clientside development Supports Publish/subscribe Point-to-point
202
2:Create Connection
3:Create Session Client 5:Create Producer or Consumer 6:Send or Receive Message
JMS Connection Factory

JMS Connection JMS Session JMS Producer Or JMS Consumer
Serialized Message Connection
1:RetrieveJ MS Driver Connection Factory
4:Lookuo JMS Destination JNDI
JMS Driver Client Runtime
Naming Service
Java Message Service

203
Security in A.Servers
Java Authentication and Authorization Server (JAAS) Encryption Auditing HTTPS, basic HTTP authentication with Base64 encoding for services protected by firewalls Role based security User and group definition Built-in security data store retains the role, profile, and entitlement data, and is built on a highly optimized LDAP directory Single Sign-On WS-Security
204
Next Generation Networks NGN Services Capabilities
205
Service Capability Of NGN
206
MRS MCU App Server SCP iOSS
TG
PSTN
Softswitch
POTS
FAX
OpenEye
Unified Video Phone Video UPT&CRBT Web800 Communication Conference
207
Telephone
Fax
NP
PSTN Service
Video conference
Modem PBX
VAS
Simultaneous Ringing
Wide Area Centrex
100 inherits all PSTN services
Value added services

INAP CS2 Parlay API
IP Centrex
Open service system
SIP
Solution for enterprise user
Flexible & quick service deployment

208

Inheriting Current Services Basic Voice Services Supplementary Services Intelligent Network Services NGN Value Added Services for Business Users Basic Services of Centrex Supplementary Services of Centrex Multimedia Application Services Value-added Services Integrating Internet
209
Service Capability Of NGN Inheriting Current Services

Basic Voice Services Voice Calls
between local network users. Automatic domestic and international direct long distance dialing Calls from PBX extensions and to PBX console,
Special services
including different kinds of queries and complaints
Calls of mobile users in public networks Maintenance calls

for operators and maintainers
Domestic and international fax

210

Inheriting Current Services
Supplementary Services
Abbreviated dialing Hotline Outgoing call barring Interception service Call forwarding Call back on busy Call waiting Conference calling Quota restricted calling
211
Service Capability Of NGN Inheriting Current Services
Intelligent network Services

Account card calling (ACC) Free phone (FPH) Virtual Private Network (VPN) Televoting (VOT) Universal personal telecommunications (UPT) Premium Rate (PRM) Credit card calling (CCC) Universal Access Number (UAN)
212

213

Value added Services for Business Users
Developed for group users. Growing IP customer base
Provides IP Centrex service for Centrex groups from one Softswitch domain.
All basic services and supplementary services and a number of new services specialized
214
Service Capability Of NGN Value added Services for Business Users
Basic Services of Centrex

Intra-group calling out Out-group calling out Intra-group calling in Out-group calling in Originating call screening Emergency call Distinctive ringing
215
Service Capability Of NGN Value added Services for Business Users
Supplementary Services of Centrex

Designated pickup
co-group pickup
remotely set call forwarding unconditional
remotely set call forwarding busy and remotely set call forwarding no reply
216

Inheriting Current Services Basic Voice Services Supplementary Services Intelligent Network Services NGN Value Added Services for Business Users Basic Services of Centrex Supplementary Services of Centrex Multimedia Application Services
Value-added Services Integrating Internet

217

Multimedia Application Services
Electronic whiteboard Both parties can write and draw on the same picture, Remote teaching and technical exchange Content release The contents of advertisements and media streams can be released through a multimedia terminal Instant messaging Allows real-time communication by means of text between one terminal user and another who has already logged in
218
Service Capability Of NGN Multimedia Application Services

Video conferencing Enterprises user may reserve or send a request for a conference through Web, operator, or conference terminal. The Soft Switch or the operator directs MCU for video conferencing
Video/Streaming/Web to call or attend a conference at home or office. The images, voice, slides, text talk, and file can be sent to each participant synchronously.
219

220

Value Added Services-Integrating Internet
Click to Dial (CTD) User sets up a voice or multimedia call through the VoIP network by clicking a link / number on a Web page. Click to Fax (CTF) User sends a fax to the called subscriber through the VoIP network by clicking a link/ number on a Web page
221

Web 800 User calls the service / subscriber on the IP network in which bill be paid by the called party. Subscriber can click the 800 number in a Web page or dial the 800 number to make a phone call. UM service Combines a variety of media such as Email, Voice Mail, Voice, Video, SM, and Fax User receives Email , SM, Fax, Voice Mail and view dynamic images anywhere.
222

IM service Enables the mobile user, online user, and fixed user to chat through multimedia through mobile, Internet, and fixed messages Collaboration allows business users to communicate via voice or text, thus implementing real-time services Colouring Ring-Back Tone (CRBT) System will play back a pre-selected song or record for the voice caller upon arrival of an incoming call to the callee
223

Powerful tool for conference in NGN era
MeetingServer Meeting Access No.: +852-28780999 Soft switch SIP
MRS Meeting Access No.: +65-28780999

Singapore
PSTN/PLMN
Packet network
Hong Kong
UMG
UMG
PSTN/PLMN
IP Phone Mobile Phone PSTN Phone Soft Phone IP Phone
PSTN Phone
A meeting can be booked by phone or WEB
Instant meeting and scheduled meeting are provided

Meeting service can be sold to group users
224

GUI or Web-based client
Features Click to dial Click to conference Presence Address book Intelligent call routing Unified message Voice mail
Self-provisioning
225

Parents in hometown Business meeting
Couples in different sites
Remote education
OPENEYE Software PC Softphone
H323/SIP video terminal, OPENEYE softphone Point to point, multi-point video conference which support instant call-up and booking. Support interconnect with H323 video network
226

Service Openness
Parlay API Enable to introduce 3rd party service easily and quickly
3rd Party APP Server
INAP CS2
Parlay API
Standard IN service interface
Session Initial Protocol (SIP)
Access Application Server
U-NICA APP Server
U-NICA Parlay Gateway
TELLIN SCP
by SIP protocol
SIP MRS Open service system flexible service creating mode quick service deployment open service interface
SIP/INAP SIP/INAP
INAP
SG Soft switch
227

Value Added Services
Softswitch
Billing center App Server
iOSS
IP Core
All the services
UMG
IP centrex IP console
Voice services Supplementary services Fax Internet PPS Voice mail Triple Play Services by PARLAY Gateway services etc.
resident can enjoy. Immediate charging Multi-media call High speed internet Multi-media configuration Etc.
Video Comm.
LAN interconnection High speed internet Multi-media conf One-line-multi-numbers
Corporate
IP bar
Resident
228
Next Generation Networks Call Setup
229
Legacy Telephone Service

Basic Service: Call setup
Phone number resolution Call routing Callee status detection Resource reservation
Advanced Service: IN features and services

Authentication, admission and billing Call rerouting, redirection, call-back and waiting In-call application: IVR, call center, voice mail, centrix, and telephone vote Advanced service provisioning and management based on users profile
230
Legacy Network Service Architecture

Basic service is provided by distributed telephone switches
Call setup is executed in distributed telephone switches A signaling network (SS7) interconnects the telephone switches Call procedures in the switches are interlinked by signaling (TUP/ISUP)
Advanced service is offered by centralized Intelligent Network

An advanced service formed by a service logic (SL) and a serious of service independent blocks (SIB) A management platform (SMP) supports service creation and maintenance
231
Legacy Service Architecture

Separate UNI services and network services Make services independent of any call processing Distributed call control and centralized services One service control point for one service class One service control point for one service instance Decompose functions into small pieces and assembly them together Authentication, billing and routing are basis of any services
232
Legacy Service Architecture
PSTN 2G Mobile The PSTN/ISDN is based on 64 kbit/s digital connections, with a separate common channel signalling system Access may be analogue (telephony), 64 kbit/s digital (ISDN) or low speed digital (mobiles) The network establishes an end-to-end digital connection for the duration of each call The PSTN/ISDN is designed for high reliability, specified at the national level and connecting to form a global network
233
Legacy Telecom Networks: Layer, Separate, Centralize and Sharing

Application Layer NNI UNI
Service
UNI
Network
Service Layer Transmission Layer CPE
Switching Network
Switching Network
NNI
Switching Network
Transmission Network
NNI
Transmission Network
CPE
Physical
Physical Network
NNI
Physical Network
NNI
Physical Network
Layer
Physical Interface
Logical Interface
Service Access Point 234
Packet based Communication

Best effort and service-independent packet-switching network User-driven application/content-independent client-server mode Smart terminal, servers and network Transparent active application access Open network, open application and open access Open and active services on the Internet
235
Packet based - Internet

The (public) Internet is based on the set of protocols defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) The primary protocol is the Internet Protocol (IP) which describes a simple connectionless packet protocol able to operate over a range of media Other protocols work in association with the IP, for example, TCP to assist reliable end-to-end operation The Internet is defined by the Internet protocols rather than by a standardised architecture The Internet provides open interfaces, supporting rapid innovation
ISP
The Internet (bestendeavours network)
ISP
236
Internet Service Architecture

Client Server
Application Layer
APP
Server
ISP Applications
Server
ISP Applications
Server
ISP Applications
APP
Network Layer CPE Transmission Layer
IP
Packet
Switching Network
IP
Packet
Switching Network
IP
NNI Transmission Transmission

Network Network
CPE NNI Transmission

Network
Physical Interface
Logical Interface
Service Access Point 237
H.323 Architecture
H.323 Gatekeeper 3 stages of signaling: RAS to Gatekeeper H.225 call signaling H.245 media stream control (can be simplified for VoIP)
H.323 Terminal
PSTN H.323 Gateway
H.323 Zone
H.323 Multipoint Control Unit
Telco-centric multimedia,multiparty conferencing (initially for LANs) Gatekeeper for network control, heavy-weight protocols Widely deployed in first wave of VoIP standardization
238
SIP Based Services

Internet-centric alternative, initially for large multicast conferences SIP for call signaling, SDP (Session Description Protocol) for media Network servers for additional capabilities: Registrar for terminal registration, aliases
Redirect returns contact address directly to end user

Proxy forwards signaling (requests, responses) Evolution towards greater use of proxy/registrar for locating users, vertical services, call tracking, network control
239
SIP Call Setup

Ptcl.net.pk DNS Location server
INVITE Ringing 200 OK ACK
ptcl.com
Proxy
INVITE Shahab.niazi@ptcl.net.pk
Proxy
INVITE Ringing 200 OK
Shahab
Media Streams
Irfan
INVITE SDP proposes media type(s), IP & ports to send to 200 OK SDP accepts/rejects media, gives IP & ports to send to
240
Where Do Services Live?

Some implemented at the endpoints Last-number redial, call hold...
Others may be better supported from the network

Avoid need for PC or IP phone to be turned on (call forwarding) More complex services, such as conferencing
Integration with web-based services (unified messaging)

Example: SIP Proxy runs a script for each incoming call Parallel forking: forward INVITE to multiple endpoints simultaneously
Sequential forking: try his office PC first, then lab, then cell phone,
241
SIMPLE (SIP for IM and Presence)

ptcl.net.pk Presence server
SUBSCRIBE NOTIFY NOTIFY
ptcl.com
Proxy
SUBSCRIBE linda@ptcl.net.pk
Proxy
Update Presence
Linda
Peter
Linda subscribes to notifications of changes in Peters status: Off-line, on-line, busy, away, available, ...
242
Carrier Networks are not homogeneous

Carrier networks consist of multiple domains Domain 3 Service Domain Client Transport Network Transport Network Domain 2 Relevant interfaces
243
Service network Client
Domain 1
each domain may have its own policies each domain may have its own commercial goals and possibly its own protocols & transport
NGN: Service layer on IP, Current Status

Support of multiple access networks (broadband and narrowband) Support of multiple access protocols (H.323, MGCP/MEGACO) Support session mobility control (MAP, Mobile IP, HLR/VLR) PSTN/IN interworking (ISUP, INAP, CAP, PINT, SPIRIT, SIP-T)
244
Current Approaches of NGN Service Architecture

Mobile telephone network (GSM, GPRS) Separation of Home network and serving network Connection mobility and roaming control 3G-UMTS Service portal and service capability feature (SCF) Open Service Access (OSA) SIP Distributed service control Open access to services and applications Web Service (SOAP/WSFL/WSDL/UDDI) Service access portal (SOAP) Service description, discovery, and integration (UDDI)
245
Changes of Telecom Service Architecture

Off-line customer management Extended call control and IN charging Terminal Telecom basic service/call control Access Service Transmission Access Service Terminal
Linear Service Architecture in Legacy Network: Static Services A User Service Management A Portal Access B User Service Management
A Home Service
B Home Service
Control Service A Terminal
Session Service
Transmission Access
B Portal
B Terminal
Two-Dimension Service Architecture in NGN: Active Services

246
NGN Soft switch: Services

Legacy telephone service is static and close Current soft switch experiences legacy service architecture Soft switch session is going to be distributed Telecom service is becoming with 2-D dynamic Home service portal is to support open service access Service broker provides a platform for open services
247
NGN Services Characteristics

Multiple numbering systems
IP, Phone, Universal Numbers
Distributed Intelligence
Databases in central servers, Provider database, Customer PC, Phones Central global database does inter-provider translation
Central Database is shared by providers Transaction volume
At central db, number of inter-provider calls At services databases (800, call-blocking lists, ) number of subscribed services At Provider and endpoints
248
NGN Services Characteristics contd

Network Repositories User data (profiles, lists) in multiple devices and databases Central Server provides reliability Updates to devices synchronized on re-connect Synchronization on demand or periodically: User mobility Where should translation take place Should cache migrate Real-time constraints Transaction volume across devices, endpoints...
249
NGN Services Characteristics

Object based services Calls abstracted as object Call models implemented within objects Object mobility used to implement services Call forwarding Third party call set-up Objects for service creation Tool-kit for third party service creation Base Objects/components upon which to build Device Independence Migrate calls across device Compose services across devices
250
End-to-End Connectivity?
There is no shortage of possible approaches and they are all in use! The problem
How to guarantee end-to-end service with the required QoS across multiple networks using incompatible implementations [the subject of current international work]
251
Expected NGN Scope and Service Scope
252
Todays Network Architectures

Frame Relay Networks
IWF IWF IWF
PSTN/ISDN
IP/MPLS Networks
IWF
IWF
IWF IWF IWF
Radio Access Networks
IWF
Ethernet Networks
Wireless Access
ATM Networks
Multiple, interworked, interdependent networks Diversity of control and management architectures Capacity and performance bottlenecks Each network has its own control plane and management plane
253
Near Term Evolution

PSTN/ISDN
Q & X series Rec. Rec. Q.931

IWF
Rec. I.580
IWF
Frame Relay Networks FR OSF & NM
PSTN/ISDN
IWF
Rec. Q.2931, PNNI
Rec. I.580 PSTN/ISDN OSF & NM, M series Rec. Wireless access
Rec. I.555
ATM Networks
IWF
IETF RFCs
IWF
Rec. Y.1310 ATM OSF & NM, M series Rec.
IP-based Networks
SNMP based
For Convergence on ATM core networking enables initial stage of unified management and control Enhanced performance and QoS capabilities for multiservices over common platform Against Lack of service transparency between IP based services and ATM/PSTN services
OSF = Operating Support Function
254
Full-term - Convergence on IP/MPLS Core

ATM Networks
IWF IWF
IWF
IP/MPLS NETWORK
IWF
Ethernet Networks
Ethernet Networks
IWF
IWF
ATM Networks
Label Switching Router (LSR)
Label Switched Path (LSP)
Requires well defined interworking mechanism for all services Transfer plane functions Control plane functions Management plane functions
255
Recommended practical/lab work on NGN
256
Recommended practical/lab work on NGN

To connect different Media Gateways like IAD, AGW, MGW, UMG etc with subscriber end To configure different MGWs mentioned above with IP core network by using basic commands To test the Network connectivity and to identify the fault points on the Network by using commands like ping, tracert etc To learn creation of a terminal user and querying the existing user and displaying other terminals Learning the addition and removal of particular board/frame of media gateways by using basic commands of Board Management/Frame Management etc Adding and removing the IP address of a particular interface on a particular board
257

NGN Next Generation Networks Overview

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NEXT GENERATION NETWORKS (NGN)

Content Development Team:

At the end of this course the participants are expected to:

Traditional Networks and their Services

Traditional networks Services

Traditional networks Services

Services Transport & Access

Traditional PSTN Voice networks

Traditional Data networks

Head Office Frame Relay ATM IP

Public Data Networks: Providing data/LAN Connectivity

Traditional Mobile networks

Traditional Internet network

Complicated Legacy Traditional Network

Slower deployment of new service

More complicated networking and construction

Too many sites!

Telecom Service Requirements and Future Trends

Info Services + surf

All in IP evolution Circuit switching-packet switching-All in IP 3GPP R5-R6, 3GPP2 Phase0-Phase3

NGN Evolution & its Overview

New services evolution

Desire for a new platform:

Cope with IP & mobile environment

Next Generation Networks

QoS configurability & verification

Meet capacity On-demand request

Legacy Networks & NGN

ACCESS ACCESS ACCESS

NGN Core Network

IP/MPLS Multi-Service Bearer

Voice and Data Networks

Centralized vs Distributed Architecture

Time Slot Switching

Harmonization thru Standardization

NGN Solution Benefits

FMC-Fixed Mobile Convergence Synergy

NGN Solution Benefits

Contrast between PSTN and NGN

Signaling Module SS7 Signaling Gateway

User Access Module

Trunk Gateway Trunk Gateway

User Access Gateway 29

Evolution from PSTN to NGN

Packet core network

SIP H.323 Phone Phone

PSTN Transit Office Optimization & Reconstruction Solution PSTN

Billing & Customer Care

Transit Office to beReconstructed

Tandem Office to be-Reconstructed L S

ONU Optical ONU Transmission ONU

ONU OpticalONU Transmission ONU

PSTN End-Office Optimization and Reconstruction Solution PSTN

Billing & Customer Care

MSG7200 TG MSG 9000

E1/SDH/SONET Reconstructe d End Office V5.2

E1/MSTP/Build-in V5.2 PDH/Build-in SDH

Twisted-pair Cable Twisted-pair Cable DSLSubscriber

End Office to beReconstructed

NGN Architecture/Layer description and NGN Trends

NGN Hierarchical Architecture

Network Control Transport Layer Core Switch