Fe Gross

FE: Electric Circuits
C.A. Gross
EE1-
FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING (FE) EXAMINATION REVIEW
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Charles A. Gross, Professor Emeritus Electrical and Comp Engineering Auburn University Broun 212 334.844.1812 gross@eng.auburn.edu
www.railway-technology.com
C.A. Gross
EE1-
FE EXAM FORMAT
8 hours long 4-hour morning session; 120 multiple-choice questions. 4-hour afternoon session; 60 multiple-choice questions. Closed book Reference material is supplied Morning session material common to all engineering disciplines Afternoon session, examinees opt to take a general exam, or a discipline-specific exam For more information: http://www.ncees.org/exams/fundamentals/
FE: Electric Circuits C.A. Gross EE13
EE Content (9 areas)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Circuits Power Electromagnetics Control Systems Communications Signal Processing Electronics Digital Systems Computer Systems 16% 13% 7% 10% 9% 8% 15% 12% 10%
C.A. Gross
EE1-
EE Review Problems
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. dc Circuits ac Circuits 1st Order Transients 3-phase Circuits; pf correction Control Signal Processing Electronics Digital Systems
C.A. Gross
EE1-
1. dc Circuits:
Find all voltages, currents, and powers.

Solution
The 8 and 7 resistors are in series: R1 = 8 + 7 = 15
R1 and 10 are in parallel: 1 R2 = 1 1 + 10 R1 10 ( R1) = = 6 10 + R1
Solution
4 and R2 are in series: Rab = 4 + R 2 = 10
L : Vab 100 Ia = = = 10 A Rab 10
V4 = 4 I a = 40V ( L)
V10 = 100 40 = 60V

( KVL )
C.A. Gross EE18
Solution
V10 60 Ic = = = 6A 10 10
KCL : I b = I a I c = 10 6 = 4 A
V8 = 8 I b = 32V V7 = 7 I b = 28V
( L )
( L) ( L)
C.A. Gross EE19
Absorbed Powers...
R4 I = 4 (10 ) = 400W
2 a 2
R10 I = 10 ( 6 ) = 360W
2 c 2
In General: PABS = PDEV (Tellegen's Theorem)
R7 I = 7 ( 4 ) = 112W
2 b 2
R8 I = 8 ( 4 ) = 128W
2 b 2
Total Absorbed Power = 1000W
Power Delivered by Source = Vs I a = 100 (10 ) = 1000W

FE: Electric Circuits C.A. Gross EE1- 10
2. ac Circuits
i(t)
+ v(t) -
Find "everything" in the given circuit.
v (t ) = 141.4cos(377 t ) V
Solution
v (t ) = 141.4cos(377 t ) V
(radian) frequency = = 377 rad / s
(cyclic) frequency = f = = 60 Hz 2
1 1 Period = = = 16.67 ms f 60
Solution
To solve the problem, we convert the circuit into an "ac circuit":
R, L, C elements Z (impedance) v , i sources V , I (phasors)

R : Z R = R + j0 = 8 + j0 L : Z L = 0 + j L = 0 + j (0.377)(26.53) = 0 + j10
1 1 C : ZC = 0 + = 0 j = 0 j4 0.377(0.663) j C
Solution
v (t ) = VMAX cos( t + )
To convert to a phasor... For example..
V=
VMAX 2
v (t ) = 141.4cos(377 t )
V=
VMAX 2
= 100 0o
C.A. Gross EE1- 14
The "ac circuit"

I
+ VR
L(ac ) : V I = Z 100 = 8 + j10 j 4 = 10 36.9o
+ 100 0
+ VC + VL
i (t ) = 14.14 cos(377 t 36.9o )

C.A. Gross EE1- 15
Solving for voltages

VR = Z R I = (8)(10 36.9o ) = 80 36.9o V v R (t ) = 113.1 cos(377 t 36.9o )
VC = Z C I = ( j 4)(10 36.9 ) = 40 126.9 V

o o
vC (t ) = 56.57 cos(377 t 126.9o ) VL = Z L I = ( j10)(10 36.9o ) = 10053.1o V v L (t ) = 141.4 cos(377 t + 53.1 )

o
C.A. Gross
EE1- 16
Absorbed powers
S = V I * = P + jQ
S R = VR I * = 80 36.9o (10 36.9o )* = 800 + j 0 SC = VC I * = 40 126.9o (10 36.9o )* = 0 j 400 S L = VL I * = 10053.1o (10 36.9o )* = 0 + j1000
STOT = S R + SC + S L = 800 + j 600 PTOT = 800 watts; QTOT = 600 var s; STOT =| STOT |= 1000 VA
Delivered power
S S = VS I * = 100 0o (10 36.9o )* = 800 + j 600
S S = STOT = 800 + j 600 PS = PTOT = 800 watts QS = QTOT = 600 var s
In General: PABS = PDEV
QABS = QDEV
(Tellegen's Theorem)
3. 1st Order Transients
a. The switch is closed at t = 0. Find and plot vC (t).

Solution....
t 0:
In general:
vC ( t ) = K 1 + K 2 vC ( t ) = K 1 + K 2 e t /
t > 0:
= Rab C
Our job is to determine K1 , K2 , and ( Rab )
C.A. Gross
EE1- 20
Solution....
For a capacitor:
dvC iC = C dt
C's are OPENS to dc vC(t) cannot change in zero time
vC ( t ) = K 1 + K 2 e t / vC (0 ) = vC (0) = vC (0 ) = K1 + K 2 vC ( ) = K 1
Solution: T < 0; switch and "C" OPEN
12
+ 120V -
12
+ vC b
K1 + K 2 = 48
120 vC = (12 ) = 48 V 12 + 6 + 12
Solution: T > 0; switch CLOSED

6 12 Rab = = 4 6 + 12
0.2 F
12
+ 120V -
iC
12
+ vC b
= Rab C
= 4(0.2) = 0.8 s
120 vC ( ) = (12 ) = 80 V 0 + 6 + 12
FE: Electric Circuits C.A. Gross
K1 = 80
EE1- 23
Solution....
t 0: t > 0:
vC (t ) = K1 + K 2 = 48 vC ( t ) = K 1 + K 2 e vC (t ) = 80 32 e
t / 1.25 t
C.A. Gross
EE1- 24
3. 1st Order Transients
0.4 H
b. The switch is closed at t = 0. Find and plot iL (t).

Solution....
t 0:
In general:
i L ( t ) = K1 + K 2 i L ( t ) = K1 + K 2 e t /
t > 0: L = Rab
Our job is to determine K1 , K2 , and ( Rab )

Solution....
For an inductor:
di L vL = L dt
L's are SHORTS to dc iL(t) cannot change in zero time
i L ( t ) = K1 + K 2 e
t /
i L (0 ) = i L (0) = i L (0+ ) = K1 + K 2 i L ( ) = K1
Solution: T < 0; switch OPEN; L SHORT
12
+ 120V -
iL
12
+ vC b
120 iL = = 6.667 A 12 + 6
K1 + K 2 = 6.667
EE1- 28
C.A. Gross
Solution: T > 0; switch CLOSED

6 12 Rab = = 4 6 + 12
0.4 H
12
+ 120V -
iL
12
+ vL b
L 0.4 = = Rab 4 = 0.1 s
120 iL ( ) = = 20 A 0+6+0
K1 = 20
EE1- 29
C.A. Gross
Solution....
t 0: t > 0:
i L (t ) = K1 + K 2 = 6.667 i L ( t ) = K1 + K 2 e
t / 10 t
i L (t ) = 20 13.33 e
C.A. Gross
EE1- 30
4. Three-Phase Circuits: pf correction
Load
Utility
Pf correcting Metering Point Capacitance
A 3ph-load of 3500 kVA @ pf = 0.7754 lag is supplied from a 12.47 kV system. The Utility will provide a discount, if pf 0.93. Design an appropriate pf-correcting bank.
a. Find all voltages

PHASE a + S PHASE b O U R PHASE c C E NEUTRAL n
Ia Ib
+
Ic
Van
-
V bn
-
+ Vcn -
L O A D
"PHASE" CONDUCTORS ARE ALSO CALLED "LINES"

EE1- 32
"Balanced" voltage means equal in magnitude, 120o separated in phase

v an ( t ) = V max cos( t ) = 2 V cos( t ) 2 V cos( t 120 0 ) 2 V cos( t + 120 0 )
vbn ( t ) = V max cos( t 120 0 ) = v cn ( t ) = V max cos( t + 120 0 ) =
e.g. V=1000 V; Vmax = 1414 V
C.A. Gross
EE1- 33
Phasor Diagram
30 -V bn Vab= 3V V ca = 3 V 150 Vcn= V120
-Van
V an = V 0
Vbn= V 120
-Vcn
= 3 V 90 C.A. Gross Vbc
EE1- 34
For our problem: VL = Vab = 12.47 kV

V= VL 3 = 7.2 kV
Van = 7.200 kV Vbn = 7.2 1200 kV Vcn = 7.2 + 1200 kV
Vab = 12.47300 kV Vbc = 12.47 900 kV Vca = 12.47 + 1500 kV
assumes phase sequence abc and Van as reference

bc
EE1- 35
b. Draw the Load power triangle
Consider the given load. 3ph-load of 3500 kVA @ pf = 0.7754 lag
= cos1 (0.7754) = 39.20 P = S cos( ) = 3500(0.7754) = 2714 kW A V Q = S sin( ) = 2210 k var k

00 5 3
2210 kvar
2714 kW
c. Compute the load currents
Sa Sa / 3 3500 / 3 Ia = = = = 162 A Van Van 7.2
Ia = 162 39.20 A
Ib = 162(39.2 120) = 162 159.2 A
0
Ic = 162(39.2 + 120) = 16280.2 A

0
assumes phase sequence abc and Van as reference

d. Draw the corrected power triangle and determine the requisite QC The desired pf:
QC 2210 kvar
= cos1 (0.93) = 21.60

Tan(21.60 ) = QX 2714 QX = 1073 kvar
QX
2714 kW
Load power triangle
QC = 2110 - QX = 1137 k var

e. If the capacitors are connected in wye, find each capacitance and draw the circuit.
a
Qan =
QC 1137 = = 379 kvar 3 3
Qan 379 Ian = = = 52.64 A Van 7.2
Van Zan = ZY = = 136.8 Ian

ZY = j136.8
CY 1 1 = = = 1 9 .3 9 F ZY 0 .3 7 7 0 .1 3 6 8
C.A. Gross EE1- 39
f. If the capacitors are connected in delta, find each capacitance and draw the circuit.
a
Qab =
QC 1137 = = 379 kvar 3 3
Qab 379 Iab = = = 30.39 A Vab 12.47
c n
Vab Zab = Z = = 410.3 Iab

Z = j 410.3
C 1 1 = = = 6 .4 6 5 F Z 0 .3 7 7 0 .4 1 0 3
C.A. Gross EE1- 40
5. Control
Given the following feedback control system:
R(s)
G(s)
C(s)
H(s)
1 G ( s) = ( s 1)( s + 4)
H ( s) = K
EE1- 41
a. Write the closed loop transfer function in rational form
1 C G ( s 1)( s + 4) = = K R 1 + GH 1 + ( s 1)( s + 4)
C 1 1 = = 2 R ( s 1)( s + 4) + K s + 3s + ( K 4)
C.A. Gross
EE1- 42
b. Write the characteristic equation
s + 3s + ( K 4) = 0
2
c. What is the system order?
d. For K = 0, where are the poles located?
s 2 + 3s 4 = ( s 1) ( s + 4 ) = 0
s = +1; s = - 4
e. For K = 0, is the system stable?
NO
EE1- 43
f. Sketch the root locus
g. Find the range on K for system stability.
-4 +1
If K = 4: s 2 + 3s + 0 = ( s ) ( s + 3 ) = 0
Poles at s = 0; s = - 3
Therefore for K>4, poles are in LH s-plane and system is stable.
K4
C.A. Gross
EE1- 44
h. Find K for critical damping
CE :
s 2 + 3s + ( K 4) = 0
3 9 4( K 4) Solving the CE: s = 2

Critical damping occurs when the poles are real and equal
9 4( K 4) = 0
K 4 = 9 / 4; K = 4 + 2.25 = 6.25
6. Signal Processing
a. periodic time-domain functions have continuous discrete frequency spectra.
(circle the correct adjective)
b. aperiodic time-domain functions have frequency spectra. continuous discrete

(circle the correct adjective)
C.A. Gross
EE1- 46
c. Matching
d.
Laplace Transform Fourier Series Inverse FT

t
d a e
Fourier Transform
Convolution integral b
a. x(t ) =
n = N
D exp( jn t)
n 0

b. y(t ) =
x( ) h(t ) d
st
c. X ( j ) =
1 e. x(t ) = 2
C.A. Gross
x(t ) e jt dt
X ( j ) e + jt d
EE1- 47
d. X ( s ) = x(t ) e
0
dt
c. Matching
d.
Z-Transform Inverse ZT Inverse DFT

b. y[ k ] =
d a e
x[ n ] h[ n k ]
DFT
Discrete Convolution b
a. X ( j) =
N 1 n=0
n =
n =
x[ n] e jn
c. X k = x[ n] e j 2 kn / N
1 e. x[n] = N
C.A. Gross
d. X ( z ) = x[n] z n
n=0
X
k =0
N 1
+ j 2 kn / N e k
EE1- 48
7. Electronics
+ e (t )
e (t ) = 169.7 sin( t )
v
+v
e T
a. Darken the conducting diodes at time T

b. Given the "OP Amp" circuit

Rf Ri vi
+
+ vo
-
Ideal OpAmp....
infinite input resistance zero input voltage infinite gain zero output resistance
C.A. Gross
EE1- 50
Find the output voltage.

vi = 5 V Ri = 10 k R f = 50 k
KCL :
vi v0 + =0 Ri R f vi
EE1- 51
50 v0 = 5 = 25 V 10
Rf v0 = Ri
c. Find the output voltage.

40k
0 + 5 + 5 +
20k 10k 10k
KCL : v0 v1 v2 v3 + + + =0 R1 R2 R3 R f
+ vo LOAD
-
C.A. Gross
EE1- 52
Solution:
"SUMMER"
0 5 5 v0 + + + =0 40 20 10 10
10k
40k
0 + 5 + 5 +
20k 10k
10 10 10 v0 = 5 5 0 10 20 40
+ vo LOAD
-
v0 = 7.5 V
C.A. Gross
EE1- 53
8. Digital Systems
AB 00 01 10 11 AND
( A B)
Logic Gates
NAND OR XOR
NOR NOR
0 0 0 1
C.A. Gross
EE1- 54
8. Digital Systems
Logic Gates
C.A. Gross
EE1- 55
a. Complete the Truth Table
Half Adder (HA)

0 A 0 0 1 1 B 0 1 0 1 C 0 0 0 1 S 0 1 1 0 A + B = CS 0 + 0 = 00 0 + 1 = 01 1 + 0 = 01 1 + 1 = 10
C.A. Gross EE1- 56
b. Complete the indicated row in the TT

C1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 A1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 B1 C2 S1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1
A 11 B 01 C1 1
C0
HA S 1
OR
1 C2 0 S1
1 C
HA
Full Adder (FA)

C.A. Gross EE1- 57
c. Indicate the inputs and outputs to perform the given sum in a 4-bit adder
1 1 1
A3 B3 C2
0 1 1
A2 B2 C1
1 1 0
A1 B1 C0
0 0
A0 B0
1010 +1110 11000
FA
FA
FA
HA
C3
S3
S2
S1
S0
0
C.A. Gross
0
EE1- 58
d. Design a D/A Converter to accomodate 3-bit digital inputs (5 volt logic)
Resolution: 3-bits (23 = 8 levels; 10 V scale) Example... Convert "110" to analog
Digital Analog (V) 000 0.00 001 1.25 010 2.50 011 3.75 100 5.00 101 6.25 110 7.50 111 8.75 Binary Word: ABC (A msb; C lsb)
C.A. Gross
EE1- 59
d. Finished Design
40k
0 C+ 5 B+ 5 A+
20k 10k 10k
10 10 10 v0 = 5 5 0 10 20 40 = 7.50
+ vo LOAD
-
C.A. Gross
EE1- 60
Good Luck on the Exam!

If I can help with any ECE material, come see me (7:30 - 11:00; 1:15 - 2:30)
Charles A. Gross, Professor Emeritus Electrical and Comp Engineering Auburn University Broun 212 334.844.1812 gross@eng.auburn.edu
Good Evening...

Fe Gross

Încărcat de

Informații document

Descriere originală:

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Fe Gross

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

FE: Electric Circuits

FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING (FE) EXAMINATION REVIEW

FE: Electric Circuits

FE: Electric Circuits

FE: Electric Circuits

Find all voltages, currents, and powers.

V10 = 100 40 = 60V

In General: PABS = PDEV (Tellegen's Theorem)

Total Absorbed Power = 1000W

Power Delivered by Source = Vs I a = 100 (10 ) = 1000W

Find "everything" in the given circuit.

(radian) frequency = = 377 rad / s

R, L, C elements Z (impedance) v , i sources V , I (phasors)

The "ac circuit"

L(ac ) : V I = Z 100 = 8 + j10 j 4 = 10 36.9o

i (t ) = 14.14 cos(377 t 36.9o )

FE: Electric Circuits

Solving for voltages

VC = Z C I = ( j 4)(10 36.9 ) = 40 126.9 V

vC (t ) = 56.57 cos(377 t 126.9o ) VL = Z L I = ( j10)(10 36.9o ) = 10053.1o V v L (t ) = 141.4 cos(377 t + 53.1 )

FE: Electric Circuits

S S = STOT = 800 + j 600 PS = PTOT = 800 watts QS = QTOT = 600 var s

In General: PABS = PDEV

3. 1st Order Transients

a. The switch is closed at t = 0. Find and plot vC (t).

FE: Electric Circuits

C's are OPENS to dc vC(t) cannot change in zero time

Solution: T < 0; switch and "C" OPEN

Solution: T > 0; switch CLOSED

FE: Electric Circuits

3. 1st Order Transients

b. The switch is closed at t = 0. Find and plot iL (t).

Our job is to determine K1 , K2 , and ( Rab )

L's are SHORTS to dc iL(t) cannot change in zero time

Solution: T < 0; switch OPEN; L SHORT

Solution: T > 0; switch CLOSED

L 0.4 = = Rab 4 = 0.1 s

FE: Electric Circuits

4. Three-Phase Circuits: pf correction

Pf correcting Metering Point Capacitance

a. Find all voltages

"PHASE" CONDUCTORS ARE ALSO CALLED "LINES"

"Balanced" voltage means equal in magnitude, 120o separated in phase

vbn ( t ) = V max cos( t 120 0 ) = v cn ( t ) = V max cos( t + 120 0 ) =

e.g. V=1000 V; Vmax = 1414 V

FE: Electric Circuits

= 3 V 90 C.A. Gross Vbc

For our problem: VL = Vab = 12.47 kV

Van = 7.200 kV Vbn = 7.2 1200 kV Vcn = 7.2 + 1200 kV

Vab = 12.47300 kV Vbc = 12.47 900 kV Vca = 12.47 + 1500 kV

assumes phase sequence abc and Van as reference

b. Draw the Load power triangle

Consider the given load. 3ph-load of 3500 kVA @ pf = 0.7754 lag

= cos1 (0.7754) = 39.20 P = S cos( ) = 3500(0.7754) = 2714 kW A V Q = S sin( ) = 2210 k var k

c. Compute the load currents

Sa Sa / 3 3500 / 3 Ia = = = = 162 A Van Van 7.2

Ic = 162(39.2 + 120) = 16280.2 A

assumes phase sequence abc and Van as reference

= cos1 (0.93) = 21.60

Load power triangle

QC = 2110 - QX = 1137 k var

QC 1137 = = 379 kvar 3 3

Qan 379 Ian = = = 52.64 A Van 7.2