Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Seshadri Ramkumar Nonwovens and Advanced Materials Laboratory Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX, USA s.ramkumar@ttu.edu Technotex, January 17-19, 2013, New Delhi, India
Overview
Growth Statistics Nonwoven Processes Examples of Nonwoven Products
2006 NAFTA Europe China Other Asia Pacific Japan Middle East Rest of World TOTAL 1.61 1.56 0.97 0.51 0.33 0.26 0.44 5.68
Source: INDA Estimates & Rory Holmes, INDA-CAB Conference 2012 (www.inda.org)
Source: INDA Estimates & Rory Holmes, INDA-CAB Conference 2012 (www.inda.org)
Source: INDA Estimates & Rory Holmes, INDA-CAB Conference 2012 (www.inda.org)
Source: INDA Estimates & Rory Holmes, INDA-CAB Conference 2012 (www.inda.org)
Source: ANFA Estimates & Rory Holmes, INDA-CAB Conference 2012 (www.inda.org)
Emerging Markets
1.5 1 0.5 0 $0
Brazil India, 2012
India now
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
42499 52435 65656 82213 102943 128901 161404 202103 264705 331452
3.5 4.32 5.41 6.77 8.48 10.62 13.29 16.64 20.84 26.10 GDP per capita source: World Bank
Nonwoven Process
Nonwoven process consists of three major steps: 1) Fiber feeding 2) Web/matt formation 3) Web consolidation/interlocking
Nonwoven Processes
Nonwoven Technologies
(Based on Fiber Type) Spunbond Synthetic Meltblown Synthetic Needlepunching Versatile (natural and synthetic) Hydroentangling Versatile (natural and synthetic)
Spunbond Nonwovens
Spunbonding Process
Integrated process. Production rate: 30 to 300 m2 /min. Filament production speed: 1000-6000 m/min being operated. Isotactic polypropylene has been used predominantly in commercial production. Other Polymers Used: Polyesters, Nylons, PE and Bicomponents.
Source: Gajanan Bhat, University of Tennessee
Spunbonded Fabrics
Random fibrous structure. Basis weights range between 5 and 800 g/m2, typically 10-100 g/ m2. Web thickness range between 0.1 and 4.0mm, typically 0.21.5mm. Fiber diameters range between 1 and 50m, but the preferred range is between 15 and 30m. High strength-to-weight ratios compared to other nonwoven and knitted structures. High tear strength.
Source: Gajanan Bhat, University of Tennessee
Bonding
Type Bond Area Temperature Time (Speed) Pressure
Laydown
Spinning Speed/Belt Speed
Spunlace Nonwovens
Spunlace Nonwovens
Spunlace is an industrial terminology for nonwoven fabrics made by interlocking using high pressure jets of water. Pre-wetting pressure 20 to100 bars. Maximum operating pressure 250 bars. Spunlace are predominantly used as wipes.
Diaper